12

Practical Research 2
Quarter 1– Module 1
Characteristics, Strengths,
Weaknesses, and Kinds of
Quantitative Research
Practical Research 2 – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1 Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds of Quantitative
Research

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of
the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created
shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included
in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and
seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Stalin S. Baja

Cecille P. Buco

Editors: Marlon S. Jala PhD

Principal I

Elvira I. Jabonillo PhD

Principal I

Puriza V. Galagar
Principal I

Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

Faustino N. Toradio PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Felix C. Galacio Jr. PhD

EPS, Mathematics

Josephine D. Eronico PhD

EPS, LRMDS

Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division of Bohol

Department of Education – Region VII, Central Visayas

Office Address: 0050 Lino Chatto Drive Barangay Cogon, Tagbilaran City,
Bohol
Telefax: (038) 501 – 7550
Tel Nos. (038) 412 – 4938; (038) 411-2544; (038) 501 – 7550
E-mail Address: [email protected]

ii
Learning Competency:
1. describe the characteristics of quantitative research

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

• describe the characteristics of quantitative research
• describe the strengths of quantitative research
• describe the weaknesses of quantitative research
• describe the kinds of quantitative research

Lesson 1: Characteristics of Quantitative Research

What is it

Characteristics of Quantitative Research

Quantitative research is commonly used in natural sciences research problems because of the
following characteristics:
1. LARGE SAMPLE SIZE. To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must come from
a large sample size.
2. OBJECTIVE. Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately, objectively, and are
unaffected by the researcher’s intuition and personal guesses.
3. VISUAL RESULT PRESENTATION. Data is numerical, which makes presentation through
graphs, charts, and tables possible and for better conveyance and interpretation.
4. FASTER DATA ANALYSIS. The use of a statistical tools give way for a less time-consuming
data analysis.
5. GENERALIZED DATA. Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if sampling
is done accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and random samples were taken.
6. FAST DATA COLLECTION. Depending on the type of data needed, collection can be quick and
easy. Quantitative research uses standardized research instruments that allow the researcher to
collect data from a large sample size efficiently. For instance, a single survey form can be
administered simultaneously to collect various measurable characteristics like age, gender, socio-
economic status, etc.
7. RELIABLE DATA. Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a representative of
the population, making it more credible and reliable for policymaking and decision making.
8. REPLICATION. The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings enhancing its
validity, free from false or immature conclusions.

What’s More

Direction: Identify the term being described below.

________________________1. Data is numerical, which makes presentation through graphs, charts, and
tables possible and for better conveyance and interpretation.
________________________2. Single survey form can be administered simultaneously to collect various
measurable characteristics like age, gender, socio-economic status, etc.
________________________3. It can be repeated to verify findings enhancing its validity, free from false
or immature conclusions.
________________________4. Sufficient size and random sample were taken.
 Lesson 2: Strengths and Weaknesses
of Quantitative Research

What is it

STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

The following are the strengths of quantitative research.
1. It is objective. The most reliable and valid way of concluding results, giving way to a new
hypothesis or to disproving it. Because of bigger number of the sample of a population, the results
or generalizations are more reliable and valid. Since it provides numerical data, it can’t be easily
misinterpreted.
2. The use of statistical techniques facilitates sophisticated analyses and allows you to comprehend
a huge amount of vital characteristics of data.
3. It is real and unbiased. If the research is properly designed, it filters out external factors, and so
can be seen as real and unbiased.
4. The numerical data can be analyzed in a quick and easy way. By employing statistically valid
random models, findings can be generalized to the population about which information is
necessary.
5. Quantitative studies are replicable. Standardized approaches allow the study to be replicated in
different areas or over time with formulation of comparable findings.
6. Quantitative experiments are useful for testing the results gained by a series of qualitative
experiments, leading to a final answer, and narrowing down of possible directions to follow.

WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

The disadvantages of quantitative research are as follows:
1. Quantitative research requires a large number of respondents. It is assumed that the larger the
sample is, the more statistically accurate the findings are.
2. It is costly. Since, there are more respondents compared to qualitative research, the expenses will
be greater in reaching out to these people and in reproducing questionnaires.
3. The information which is contextual factors to help interpret the results or to explain
variations are usually ignored. It does not consider the distinct capacity of the respondents to
share and elaborate further information unlike the qualitative research.
4. Much information are difficult to gather using structured research instruments, specifically on
sensitive issues like pre-marital sex, domestic violence, among others.
5. If not done seriously and correctly, data from questionnaires may be incomplete and
inaccurate. Researchers must be on the look-out on respondents who are just guessing in answering
the instrument

What’s More

Direction: Identify the term being described below.

________________________1. This will allow the study to be replicated in different areas or over time
with formulation of comparable findings.
________________________2. What techniques to be used which facilitates sophisticated analyses?
________________________3. In quantitative research, numerical data can be analyzed in what manner?
________________________4. This refers to the weakness of quantitative research wherein the expenses
will be greater in reaching out to the respondents and in reproducing
questionnaires.

2
 Lesson 3: Kinds of Quantitative Research

What is it

KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

• Descriptive design is used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing it as it occurs in nature.

There is no experimental manipulation and the researcher does not start with a hypothesis. The goal of
descriptive research is only to describe the person or object of the study. An example of descriptive
research design is “the determination of the different kinds of physical activities and how often high
school students do it during the quarantine period.”
• The correlational design identifies the relationship between variables. Data is collected by observation
since it does not consider the cause and effect for example, the relationship between the amount of
physical activity done and student academic achievement.
• Ex post facto design is used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events and present
conditions. The term “Ex post facto”, means after the fact, looks at the possible causes of an already
occurring phenomenon. Just like the first two, there is no experimental manipulation in this design. An
example of this is “how does the parent’s academic achievement affect the children obesity?”
• A quasi-experimental design is used to establish the cause and effect relationship of variables. Although
it resembles the experimental design, the quasi-experimental has lesser validity due to the absence of
random selection and assignment of subjects. Here, the independent variable is identified but not
manipulated. The researcher does not modify pre-existing groups of subjects. The group exposed to
treatment (experimental) is compared to the group unexposed to treatment (control): example, the effects
of unemployment on attitude towards following safety protocol in ECQ declared areas.
• Experimental design like quasi- experimental is used to establish the cause and effect relationship of
two or more variables. This design provides a more conclusive result because it uses random assignment
of subjects and experimental manipulations. For example, a comparison of the effects of various blended
learning to the reading comprehension of elementary pupils.

What’s More

Direction: Identify the term being described below.

__________________1. The goal of this is only to describe the person or object of the study.
__________________2. It means after the fact, looks at the possible causes of an already occurring
phenomenon
__________________3. It identifies the relationship between variables.
__________________4. It establishes the cause and effect relationship of two or more variables.

3
 Assessment
Multiple Choice. Answer the question that follows. Choose the correct answer from among the given
choices.

1. What is the aim of Ex post facto research design?

A. observe and describe a phenomenon and activities
B. establish cause and effect relationship
C. examines present and previous conditions.
D. identify association among variables

2. What will happen on the data being gathered if not done seriously and correctly?
A. incomplete and inaccurate data C. bias data and study
B. insufficient and weak analysis D. conduct another survey

3. Mr. Canuc would like to know further the connection of using social media to the academic
performance of SHS students of South Pagat National High School. What is the appropriate research
design to be used in his study?
A. Quasi-Experimental C. Experimental
B. Correlational D. Descriptive

4. Data is numerical, which makes presentation through graphs, charts, and tables possible and for better
conveyance and interpretation.
A. Fast Data Collection C. Visual Result Presentation
B. Reliable Data D. Faster Data Analysis

5. Single survey form can be administered simultaneously to collect various measurable characteristics
like age, gender, socio-economic status, etc.
A. Fast Data Collection C. Visual Result Presentation
B. Reliable Data D. Faster Data Analysis

6. A required number of respondents in a quantitative research

A. Minimal number C. Selected number
B. Large number D. Few participants

7. It can be repeated to verify findings enhancing its validity, free from false or immature conclusions.
A. Replication C. Fast Data Collection
B. Reliable Data D. Faster Data Analysis

8. This will allow the study to be replicated in different areas or over time with formulation of
comparable findings.
A. Statistical Techniques C. Quick and Easy Way
B. Reliability D. Replicable

9. Investigating the difference on the effects of formalin treated eggplants, cucumber and string beans
refers to what kind of research design?
A. Correlational C. Experimental
B. Case Study D. Descriptive

10. Dr. Go wanted to get the Relationship of Age of the COVID-19 Victims and Mortality Rate. What
kind of research design this study is?
A. Correlational C. Experimental
B. Case Study D. Descriptive

4
 Answer Sheet
Name: ____________________________________________________________________

Grade & Section: ________________ Score: ______________

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Quarter 2 – Module 1

Lesson 1: What’s More

1)

2)

3)

4)

Lesson 2: What’s More

1)

2)

3)

4)

Lesson 3: What’s More

1)

2)

3)

4)

Assessment

1) 2)

3) 4)

5) 6)

7) 8)

9) 10)

But he said to me,

“My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore, I will boast all the more gladly about my
weaknesses, so that Christ’s power may rest on me.
2 Corinthians 12:9

Congratulations! You made it! 😊 Keep it up!

5
References

Baraceros, E. L. (2016). Practical Research 2. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Barrot, J. S. (2017). Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E
Publishing, Inc.
Center for Quality Research. (2015). "Overview of Quantitative Research Methods." YouTube. Accessed
June 3, 2020. https://bit.ly/36A5idj
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 3rd
ed., SAGE Publications, Inc. https://bit.ly/2X3Bra3
Cristobal, A. and De La Cruz-Cristobal, M. (2017). Practical Research 1. Quezon City, Philippines: C &
E Publishing, Inc.
Fraenkel, J. R. and Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. Asia: Mc-
Graw Hill Companies, Inc.
Fraenkel, J. R. and Wallen, N. E. (2020). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. 6th ed.,
McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Accessed June 3, 2020. https://bit.ly/3eBIVrs
I Hope. (2020). "Kinds of Quantitative Research Designs." YouTube. Accessed June 3, 2020.
https://bit.ly/2LZVLCS
Keyton, J. (2020). "Chapter 7: Multiple Choice Quiz." McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC.
Accessed June 3, 2020. https://bit.ly/3eojlWk