Practical Research 2 q1 Module 2
Practical Research 2 q1 Module 2
Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 - Module 2
Identifying the Inquiry and
Stating the Problem
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Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Mala Epra B. Magnaong
CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot,Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Dr. Marie Emerald A. Cabigas
Regional EPS, LRMDS
Practical Research 2
Quarter 1- Module 2
Identifying the Inquiry and
Stating the Problem
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
What I Know
Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
2. Which of the following is the most reliable source of research topic idea?
A. Review of Literature C. Folklores
B. Wikipedia D. Blogs
4. Which of the following best describes the development process for a research question?
A. A broad topic is trimmed down to make it more interesting.
B. Research topic must be refined first before doing preliminary research.
C. As specific question can be broadened to make a study more significant.
D. Preliminary research helps trim down a broad topic to a more manageable
question.
6. Which of the following is the most common form of the research title?
A. Interrogative C. Question form
B. Declarative D. Phrase
8. It is a part of the research that expresses the context of the problem that will support the
validity and rationale of the study.
A. Research title C. Background of the study
B. Research topic D. Research problem
9. Which if the following statements is NOT true about the background of research?
A. It elaborates on the findings or information from the literature cited.
B. It explains how the research question was derived.
C. It justifies the need to conduct the study.
D. It establishes the research gap.
15. It is part of the research study that states what is included and not in the research study.
A. Statement of the Problem
B. Significance of the Study
C. Background of the Study
D. Scope and Delimitation
What’s In
You have learned from Module 1 that quantitative research is very useful in all fields
of study because of its objectivity and fast data collection and analysis. The different kinds of
research designs (descriptive, correlational, ex-post-facto, quasi-experimental, and
experimental) offer a viable and numerous options for any type of inquiry. The field of studies
where you can apply quantitative research is practically countless. In this lesson, you will
expand your understanding of the characteristics and different applications of quantitative
research and be able to design a study useful in daily life.
The first and foremost step in the research is selecting and properly defining a research
problem. Before starting a laborious journey of finding the unknown, you need to know first
what it is that you want to find out, where and how you are going to find the answers to your
questions, and what specific qualities are you looking for. For instance, you want to find a
specific kind of fish in the ocean; however, the ocean is so vast that it is almost impossible for
you to achieve that goal of finding the fish without equipping yourself with the right tools and
information about it. You may need to know first its behavior and living conditions before you
can precisely pinpoint the perfect spot to find the fish. Thus, baseline information is needed
for a successful quest.
That fish analogy can be applied to finding a research topic. A well-defined research
topic is essential for a successful research. When the topic is not well-defined, it becomes
unmanageable and may result in some drawbacks during data collection and analysis that
could compromise the strength of your study.
Hence, choosing a topic must undergo proper and thorough planning and designing.
The four basic steps in designing a research topic are the following: (1) choose a broad topic,
(2) do preliminary research, (3) define the problem, and (4) refine the question. Guided with
these steps, a student researcher can certainly jumpstart a quantitative research project.
Directions: Take time to identify the things that matters most to you by filling out the following
information:
3. The top five (5) things that make me happy are ____________ , ___________,
____________, ________________, and ___________________.
4. The three things that I find interesting are _____________, ______________ and
________________.
Directions: Make an online or offline survey at your community, family, and friends to
determine common issues or problems. List all the problems raised and identify
the most common ones.
What Is It
Despite the advancement in knowledge and technology, there is still a lot to discover
in this world. There is still an ocean of things that we are yet to explore. It can be a difficult
situation that we want to improve or eliminate, a better understanding of the unfamiliar,
information gaps we wish to fill, or theories that we want to validate. What limits our choice of
a topic are our capacity, understanding, resources, and skill.
Most researchers will agree that choosing a good topic is a challenging and tedious
task. Because a research topic serves as the groundwork for any succeeding actions, it must
be defined appropriately at the beginning of the research work. Otherwise, it may result in
unanticipated complexities to the researcher.
1. Choose a broad topic. The first step is quite simple. As a Senior High School student,
these tips will surely guide you in selecting a broad topic for quantitative research:
In the event that the three tips above do not shed some light on your minds, do not
despair; other sources of ideas like the ones below may be available for you.
ii. Review of Literature. Some researchers reveal that reading previous studies fueled
their minds with tons of research topics. Reviewing the literature lets them know what
has been studied, what is not yet done, and what other researchers suggest working
on. Journals, periodicals, and peer-reviewed articles are a good read.
iii. Field experts. Gather up some guts to approach anyone you know that are experts on
the field of your choice because they may give valuable inputs or may currently be
working on a study where you can collaborate. Your teacher may also give you some
advice, especially on the possible obstacles, resource limitations, and expanse of the
study.
iv. Brainstorming. Do not underestimate the ideas from classmates, friends, and family
members. You may be overwhelmed at first by the outpouring of ideas. Just build a
list, then cross off any topic unrelated to your field or not so interesting to you. Of
course, you must take precautionary measures in doing this by observing physical
distancing. You can use any social media platform to do this.
3. Define the problem. After getting enough information, you may be able to list some
questions or problems that you want to research. At this stage, you should be able to
narrow down broad topic into feasible and manageable research questions. A broad topic
can be narrowed down by limiting the population, place, period, or a certain characteristic.
However, be very mindful that your problem may not be too narrow that it becomes very
simple and does not need to collect unique data or does not generate new information. A
very narrow research question can be developed by doing a comparative study or
expanding the scope of the study.
4. Refine the question. This step lets you evaluate the questions formulated. What specific
questions should you ask? How should you gather your data sufficient to answer the
questions? Are the questions too narrow, or does it need to be trimmed down? While
evaluating the research question, consider the requirements of the course. How much
time are you given to finish the research? What resources do you need and are they
available? You will learn more about research questions in lesson 4.
What’s More
Let’s go online
Directions: Go to the link below and practice what you’ve learned from this lesson:
https://bit.ly/3fPFQUK
https://bit.ly/2NqVYzW
https://bit.ly/2NqmVUw
What I Can Do
Directions: Choose one broad topic related to your track that interests you. Then, preliminary
research on this topic. Take note of at least five related studies with its
corresponding author/s, then list three (3) quantitative research questions related
to the topic. Follow the format below. Write your answers in separate sheet of
paper.
References:
1. Title: _______________________________________________________________
Author/s: ____________________________________________________________
Year of Publication: ____________________________________________________
Name of Journal/Publication: ____________________________________________
Link: _______________________________________________________________
Notes/ Important information: ____________________________________________
2. Title: _______________________________________________________________
Author/s: ____________________________________________________________
Year of Publication: ____________________________________________________
Name of Journal/Publication: ____________________________________________
Link: _______________________________________________________________
Notes/ Important information: ____________________________________________
4. Title: _______________________________________________________________
Author/s: ____________________________________________________________
Year of Publication: ____________________________________________________
Name of Journal/Publication: ____________________________________________
Link: _______________________________________________________________
Notes/ Important information: ____________________________________________
5. Title: _______________________________________________________________
Author/s: ____________________________________________________________
Year of Publication: ____________________________________________________
Name of Journal/Publication: ____________________________________________
Link: _______________________________________________________________
Notes/ Important information: ____________________________________________
Question 1: _______________________________________________________________
Question 2: _______________________________________________________________
Question 3: _______________________________________________________________
Lesson
RESEARCH TITLE
2
What’s In
At this point, you may already have an interesting and relevant quantitative research
topic that is related to your chosen track. The next step is for you to have a suitable and
captivating title for the research study in mind. How is it done? Is writing a research title similar
to writing a title for movies, songs, or poems, or is there a guideline for it. Read through this
lesson, and you will know how to make a good title for your quantitative research study.
The old saying “never judge a book by its cover” applies to research studies no matter
how much we say otherwise. When the title is poorly constructed that it does not accurately
describe the objective of your research, it can discredit the value of the entire research, let
alone the implication of your research findings. It is, therefore, important that you make your
research title accurate yet captivating. Afterall, the research title is the first thing your
professor, fellow researchers, journal editors, or reviewers get to see first. Once it captures
the attention of the readers, they will be enticed to read the entire work and learn something
from your research. Learning how to make your research title create a good impression is
essential.
What’s New
_____________1. Inserting humor on the research title makes it more interesting to the
reader.
_____________2. Abbreviations are a must to make the research title shorter.
_____________3. Proper punctuation and correct grammar must be observed in writing the
title.
_____________4. All types of quantitative research design must include the independent and
dependent variables in the title.
_____________5. Jargons make a research title more sophisticated.
_____________6. Only the first letters of nouns and pronouns are capitalized.
CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Mod_2 7
_____________7. To minimize the number of characters in the title, only use the chemical
formula than generic names.
_____________8. Use declarative format in writing the research title.
_____________9. To make it more specific, the year must be included in the title.
_____________10. Using obsolete terms do not matter in writing the title.
What Is It
A research study title is the very first thing a reader comes across when searching for
scientific literature. It is a concise description of the content of the research study containing
the fewest possible words, yet adequate to describe the contents of the paper for a simple
reason that we do not want to mislead the readers. After conceptualizing a most probable
research topic, drafting the title early in the research process helps in keeping your focus on
the subject. The following are the basic guidelines in making a research study title:
The following steps can guide you in writing your research title:
1. Determine what it is that you wish to accomplish or know from your study. Write one
to two sentences to state the main objectives of your research project.
2. Include important keywords and variables. Revise the sentences into one complete
sentence that includes important keywords and variables of the study.
3. Shorten the title by eliminating unnecessary words. You may also shrink a phrase into
a simpler phrase or a single word. In doing this, make sure that the main thought of
the research study is retained.
4. Correct grammar and punctuation errors if there is any.
5. Observe proper formatting. The format may vary according to the requirements of the
course or school. Please seek guidance from your professor.
What’s More
Directions: Evaluate the following erroneous research title and justify what makes it wrong.
1. A researcher is discouraged from putting too many words in the research title. Why?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Directions: This activity is a continuation of what you have done in Lesson 1 of this module.
You are to construct a good research title for each of the quantitative research
questions made on page 6. Follow the format below:
Additional Activity
Directions: After you submit your Research Title and once it is corrected in accordance with
the guidelines given, you may start incorporating your Research Title to your
research manuscript.
Lesson
BACKGROUND OF
3 RESEARCH
What’s In
Reading a well-written research title gives the reader an insight of what the research
study is all about. Although it captures the main point of the study, it does not sufficiently
explain all the details of the study. Hence the reader opts to read on for better understanding.
When introducing your study to the readers, you must bridge the gap from what is
known to what is unknown. Establishing the importance of finding the answer to the question
makes the reader feel the need to answer such question. Thus, it makes the research project
more meaningful and valuable.
Choosing a sound research topic entails a considerable amount of time, focus, and
preliminary research. Before a topic is finalized, you may have read and evaluated the
question many times and even consulted professionals or instructors to ensure its validity and
feasibility. How you relay to the reader the implication of the research problem formulated is
what constitutes the background of the study section of your paper. At the end of this lesson,
you should be able to describe the background of research and will learn what salient
information should be included in the background of the study segment of your paper.
1. Uncharted - _______________
2. Motivation - _______________
3. Background - ______________
4. Extensive - _________________
5. Communicate - ______________
6. Conceive - ________________
7. Remarkable - ________________
8. Inclusive - ______________
9. Understanding - _______________
10. Valid - __________________
What Is It
The background of the study is the part of your paper where you inform the reader of
the context of the study. When we say context, it means the situation or circumstances within
which your research topic was conceptualized. Ideally, this part is written when you have
already conducted a literature review and has a good perception of the topic so you can
articulate the importance and validity of the research problem. It is also in this part of the paper
where you justify the need to conduct a research study about the topic selected by establishing
the research gap.
While both the Background of the Study and the Review of Related Literature involve
reading past related studies, they differ in some aspects. The former is at the introductory part
of the paper with the purpose of relaying the importance of your research study; the latter is
more comprehensive and thoroughly discusses the studies mentioned in the background of
research. Moreover, the background of the study answers the following questions:
1. What is already known about the topic?
2. What is not known about the topic?
3. Why do you need to address those gaps?
4. What is the rationale of your study?
What’s More
Directions: Organize the reviewed related literature about the research problem previously
selected (see page 6) by completing the table below. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each question comprehensively.
1. What is the relevance of the Background of the Study in your research paper?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Directions: Let’s expand the research topic and title you did in the activities from Lessons 1
and 2 by composing a one to two-page Background of the Study. Print it on a
short bond paper in the format below:
Additional Activity
Directions: After you submit your Background of the Study and once it is corrected in
accordance with the guidelines given, you may start incorporating your Background of the
Study to your research manuscript.
Lesson
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
4
What’s In
In the previous lessons of this module, you were taught how to design research that is
interesting and something that you are passionate about. You have learned that research
problems are within your environment or area of interest. You were given various activities to
learn how to come up with interesting and useful research problems. In this lesson,
Identification of the research problems and research questions will be furthered explained.
When you have identified your quantitative research problem, you can now state it and
make sure to establish its place in your study. In your written paper, this can be found as
Statement of the Problem, where it formally introduces the problem that you want to
investigate or address. By this time, you can start specifying what you want to answer in your
study.
What’s New
Your
Quantitative Research Question Explanation
Rating
1. How many Grade-7 students are
enrolled in blended learning this
School Year?
Once you have already enumerated your research questions for your study, it is
important that you consider its quality to answer and explain your research problem. The
following are good characteristics of research questions, as described by Fraenkel and Wallen
(2020).
Feasible. Consider the amount of time, energy, money, respondents, and even your
current situation as a student-researcher. Is the research problem possible? Will it not spend
unreasonable amount? Consider these examples: “How do parents feel about the blended
learning modality for elementary learners?” and “How would giving each learner their own
laptop to be used in this blended learning modality affect their performance tasks?” The first
example is definitely a more feasible research question. Considering the resources, it is more
possible to gather the data needed to answer the question.
Clear. The clarity of how the questions are stated lead to agreement of meaning of the
readers of your study. Since your research questions are also considered as the main focus
in the gathering and analyzing the data, it is therefore very important that these are stated
clearly.
Significant. Ask if your research questions are relevant or important to ask. Will
answering these questions provide an additional contribution to address the given research
problem? In other words, are the research questions really worth investigating?
At this point, you do not just consider the time and money that you will spend, but more
importantly, the value of what you are trying to investigate. So aside from the reason that your
chosen research problem is within your interest, you should also provide a sound justification
of your choice as a researcher.
Ethical. Always consider the welfare of people, animals or whosoever are involved in
your study. Look into ways of answering the research questions without inflicting physical and
psychological harm to persons involved.
Research questions can be generally classified into two: general and specific. The
general question of the study is derived from the research problem while the specific questions
are anchored on the general research problem.
For example:
This study aims to determine the relationship between the types of learning delivery
mode and students’ learning styles. Furthermore, it seeks to answer the following research
questions: (1) What are the different learning delivery modes of the school? (2) What are the
various learning styles of the students? (3) Is there a significant relationship between the
different learning delivery modes of the school and the learning styles of its students?
Notice that a general problem was presented first. Then it was followed by the specific
questions considered as research questions of the study.
In stating quantitative research questions, you should also consider the design of your
quantitative research. Quantitative research designs will be elaborated in Module 4. For the
purpose of writing your research question, here’s a quick guide of research questions for
What are the various social media platforms used by Senior High Students?
What is the relationship between the length of hours spent on social media and level
of digital literacy of students?
Is there a significant relationship between the type of social media used and the level
digital literacy of students?
Research Questions for Ex Post Facto Research attempt to identify the causes of
the phenomenon in the context of your research problem. It is also assumed that no control
or manipulation of variable has been done in order to cause the effect. It is also understood
that the cause of the problem already exists before you conducted your study. For example,
ex post facto study on family background and digital literacy of students, the following
questions can be asked:
Is there a difference in the literacy level of students between their cultural and
educational family background?
Is there a significant difference in the posttest scores of the control group and
experimental group?
What’s More
Directions: Using the same examples in your Activity 1, rank them on the scale of 1 to 10 (1=
lowest, 10 = highest) based on the given parameters in writing a good research
question. If you find that the questions are not so good, then rewrite the questions
on the last column of the table. If you think it is already good, then write your
justification as well.
18 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2
Quantitative Research Your Rating Revised Question/
Question Feasible Clear Significant Ethical Justification
1. How many Grade-7
students are enrolled in
blended learning this
School Year?
2. Is modular learning or
online learning more
effective in Language
or Science subjects?
3. Is there a significant
relationship in the
number of households
and COVID-19
confirmed cases in a
Barangay?
Directions: Write one general research question and two specific research questions for the
given research problem below.
The Relationship
between Media
Exposure and Health
Anxiety
Organization’s
Leadership Practices
and Employee’s Job
Satisfaction
Effects of Parenting
Style and Children
Study Habits
Go to the link below and practice what you’ve learned from this lesson:
https://bit.ly/2zxLYS5
https://bit.ly/2M2lfzC
Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each item comprehensively.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Directions: Perform the following task. Referring to your background of the study and research
problem, list your research questions. When formulating these questions, consider
the design of your quantitative research.
1. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Additional Activity
Direction: After you submit your research questions and once they are corrected in accordance
to the guidelines given, you may start incorporating your research questions to your
research manuscript.
21 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2
Lesson
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
5 OF THE STUDY
What’s In
In Module 1, Lesson 3 you were taught how to identify and differentiate various
research variables and its uses. Identifying your research variables is very important since it
will set the parameters of your study. Carefully selecting your research variables also helps
you to determine what will be investigated. As a result, it will be easier for you to set the scope
and delimitation of the study. This lesson focuses on how you are going to indicate the scope
and delimitation of your study.
.
What I Need to Know
Directions: Find five synonyms of “scope” and “delimitation”. Then, analyze and connect the
gathered words in order to form the meaning of “Scope and Delimitation of the
Study.
2.
Scope 3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
Delimitation 3.
4.
5.
Directions: Read the sample scope and limitation and identify the boundaries of the study by
writing the corresponding components on the table below.
The main objective of this study is to provide information about students’ knowledge and
perception of genetically modified foods and their family health practices. The study also
includes the student’s personal information and occupation of their parents and siblings.
This study is limited to the 120 Grade 12 Male and Female enrolled in the First Semester,
School Year 2019-2020 of Gusa Regional Science High School – X. Each of the
respondents is given questionnaire to answer. The students selected came from six different
sections to prevent subjective perceptions.
✓ Other parameters
In doing research study, we make sure that we have certainty and reasons for drawing
the inclusion and exclusion of research variables. We do not write for the sake of writing the
parts of the research paper, such as setting the scope and delimitation of your study. It is
important because it draws the boundary of your study. Without doing so, research procedures
and results will not be coherent to the goal of your study.
The scope specifies the coverage of your study such as variables, population or
participant, and timeline. Delimitation cites factors of your study that are not included or
excluded or those you will not deal in your study.
In this section of your research paper, you may also state the reasons why you did not
include the variables. A clearly written scope and delimitation of the study will make it definitely
easier to answer questions which are related or not related to your study.
In writing the scope and delimitation of your study, you are also asking the basic profile
questions of your research. The following are the components of the scope and delimitation
of the study but not limited to:
Topic of the Study. What are the variables to be included and excluded?
Locale of the Study. Where are you going to gather your data?
Method and Research Instruments. How are going to collect the data?
The delimitation of the study describes the various limitations that arose during the
design and conduct of the study. Along the way of conducting your study, you will encounter
limitations which you have not drawn before you start – these are the delimitations of study.
Most of the delimitations arose from the applicability or usefulness of the findings of the study
to the current problem.
Variables not included in your study are also determined by delimitation of your study.
While on the other hand, limitation of the study are those variables included in your study.
Hence, limitation of the study is actually the identified scope of the study.
Directions: Read the following scope and delimitation about a research on sickness
prevention. Try to improve its structure and coverage. You can add some details
in revising this research section.
Sample
Practice what you have learned from this lesson. Visit the following:
https://bit.ly/2ZF6tXK
https://bit.ly/3el7Ui4
Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each item comprehensively.
What I Can Do
Directions: Perform the following task. Specify the scope and delimitation of your study by
answering the basic contents of this research section.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Direction: Once your work is corrected after submitting and specifying your scope and
delimitation, you may start writing a paragraph format of this and incorporate it in
your research manuscript.
Lesson
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
5 OF THE STUDY
What Is It
Getting this far means you have already completed the first part of the research paper.
The next step is to present your Statement of the Problem. The following topics were already
discussed and practiced, so it is time to present your output for this Module.
Research Title
Background of the Research
Research Questions
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Significance of the Study or Beneficiaries (if applicable)
What’s More
1. What is your highest and lowest rating? What are your reasons for giving yourself
such ratings?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Overall, do you think you are ready for presentation of your research paper? Explain
your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Visit the following links to further enhance your written problem and to improve your
preparation for presentation.
https://bit.ly/2TFhfcy
https://bit.ly/2Aat7fW
1. What new learnings have you gained from this module in terms of skills, content, and
attitude in identifying and stating the research problem?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. How will you improve your research writing skills in quantitative research?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Direction: Get ready for presentation of your written statement of the problem. The rubrics
below will serve as a guide on how you will be rated by your teacher. The 4C
(content, coherence, creativity, communication) technique will be used so that you
can easily remember.
5 4 3 2 1
Content (35%)
▪ The title is concise and understandable.
▪ The Research Problem is relevant and
well-explained.
▪ Research gap is established.
▪ The scope and delimitation of the study is
clearly stated and explained.
▪ Overall content is comprehensive.
Coherence (25%)
▪ Cohesive of devices are effectively used.
▪ Organization of ideas is smoothly
presented.
Creativity (25%)
▪ Writer’s voice is showcased.
▪ Paper uses variety of sentence structures.
▪ Uses appropriate language.
Communication (15%)
▪ Sentences are well structured.
▪ Grammatical conventions are observed.
▪ Correct spelling and proper research format
is followed.
Legend: 5 – to a very great extent, 4 – to a great extent,
3 – to some extent, 2 – to a little extent, 2 – not at all
Summary
• Steps in developing a research topic include;(1) Choose a broad topic, (2) Do a
preliminary research, (3) Define the problem, and (4) Refine the question
• Background of the study states the situation or circumstances within which your
research topic is conceptualized.
• Research Problem is the focus of investigation.
• Characteristics of good research questions are feasible, clear, significant, and ethical.
• The scope specifies the coverage of your study such as variables, population or
participant, and timeline. Delimitation cites factors of your study that are not included or
excluded or those you will not deal in your study.
Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
3. If you are going to look for a topic idea for your research study, what is the most reliable
source you are going to consider?
A. Review of literature C. Wikipedia
B. Folklores D. Blogs
4. Which of the following best describes the development process for a research question?
A. To focus your literature review, research topic must be refined first before doing a
preliminary research.
B. Preliminary research helps trim down a broad topic to a more manageable question.
5. What refers to an issue that has not been fully addressed by previous studies?
A. Research problem C. Research question
B. Research topic D. Research gap
7. Which of the following is the most common form of the research title?
A. Interrogative C. Question form
B. Phrase D. Declarative
10. Which if the following statements is NOT true about the background of research?
A. It elaborates on the findings or information from the literature cited.
B. It explains how the research question was derived.
C. It justifies the need to conduct the study.
D. It establishes the research gap.
11. What part of the research study states rationale of the problem and basic literature
background?
A. Statement of the Problem
B. Significance of the Study
C. Background of the Study
D. Scope and Delimitation
13. “What are the various learning modalities offered in Gusa Elementary School for SY 2020-
21?” is an example of research question of what type of quantitative research?
A. Quasi-experimental research C. Correlational Research
B. Descriptive Research D. Ex post facto
14. “What is the relationship between time spent in texting and spelling ability?” is an example
of research question of what type of quantitative research?
A. Correlational Research C. Experimental research
B. Descriptive Research D. Ex post facto
15. “Is there a difference in the scores of group A from group B after the special tutorial
program?” is an example of research question of what type of quantitative research?
A. Correlational Research C. Experimental research
B. Descriptive Research D. Ex post facto