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Removal of Removal of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (MN) : DR Liu Yu
Removal of Removal of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (MN) : DR Liu Yu
Dr Liu Yu
1
Problems with
ith iron and manganese
•. Fe2+ and Mn2+ cause the taste of water even at very low conc
2
Healthy Concern
US EPA h
has established
t bli h d "secondary"
" d " limits
li it for
f Fe/Mn
F /M in
i drinking
d i ki water.
t
Fe 0.30 mg/L
g
Mn 0.05 mg/L
There is
Th i a health
h lth concern with
ith hi
high
h levels
l l off manganese in
i drinking
d i ki
water because manganese may affect neurological and muscle
function in humans.
3
Iron and Manganese Chemistry
Basic idea:
●. Iron and manganese are oxidized to form precipitates
●. The p
precipitates
p are removed by
y sedimentation or filtration
Questions:
- How to estimate the chemical dosage?
- How to design a process to realize such chemical oxidation?
5
How to calculate chemicals required?
Example:
6
●. Fe2+ oxidation by permanganate:
= 0.95 mg KMnO4
= 4.6 mg/L
8
Briefing
g of iron oxidation by
y oxygenation
yg
[ 2+ ]
d[Fe
− = k[Fe 2+ ][OH − ]2 PO2
dt
Effect of pH:
The rate of oxidation of Fe2+ increased by 100-fold per pH unit
9
Question:
How to show the effect of pH on iron oxidation rate?
d[Fe 2+ ]
− = k[Fe 2+ ][OH − ]2 PO2
dt
10
Typical
yp Fe and Mn Removal Process
Chemical injection
Filter
Finished
Fi ih d
water
Raw water
Chemical
slurry
Fe and Mn Precipitates Backwash unit
11
Question:
12
Some Design Criteria for Iron and Manganese Control
Element Units
Reaction tank:
Retention time 5-30 min at average flow after chemical feed
Filt
Filter:
Filter media 1.5 mm effective size or greater anthracite
Surface flow rate,, Q
Q/A gpm/ft2 to 10 gp
5 gp gpm/ft2
Backwash tank:
Backwash Q/A 15 25 gpm/ft2
15-25
Backwash tank size 20 min flow at 5 times normal filtration Q/A
13
Example:
14
• Cross section area A = πR2 = π×(3 m)2 = 28 m2
• Given Q/A = 5 m3/m2 h for filtration, thus flow rate for backwash:
= 233 m3
•. Ion exchange
g
Due to the divalent nature of Fe2+ and Mn2+, they are readily
removed on ion exchange g materials
●. Membrane separation
Question:
What type of membrane
membrane, MF
MF, UF
UF, NF and RO?
16
Chemical costs for iron and manganese removal
17
Solids produced from Fe2+ and Mn2+ removal process:
● Fe(OH)
( )2
● FeCO3
● Fe(OH)3
● MnO
M O2
18
Remarks:
If you have
h intension
i t i tot use chemical
h i l oxidation
id ti process,
19
Treatment Types NOT Recommended
- Reverse Osmosis
20