8/23/2021 G.R. No.

183035

Today is Monday, August 23, 2021

Republic of the Philippines

FIRST DIVISION

G.R. No. 183035               January 9, 2013

OPTIMA REALTY CORPORATION, Petitioner,

vs.
HERTZ PHIL. EXCLUSIVE CARS, INC., Respondent.

DECISION

SERENO, CJ.:

Before us is a Rule 45 Petition assailing the Decision1 and Resolution2 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-GR SP
No. 99890, which reversed the Decision3 and Resolution4 of the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 13 7, Makati
City in Civil Case No. 06-672. The RTC had affirmed in toto the 22 May 2006 Decision5 of the Metropolitan Trial
Court (MeTC), Branch 64, Makati City in Civil Case No. 90842 evicting respondent Hertz Phil.

Exclusive Cars, Inc. (Hertz) and ordering it to pay back rentals and other arrearages to petitioner Optima Realty
Corporation (Optima).

Optima is engaged in the business of leasing and renting out commercial spaces and buildings to its tenants. On 12
December 2002, it entered into a Contract of Lease with respondent over a 131-square-meter office unit and a
parking slot in the Optima Building for a period of three years commencing on 1 March 2003 and ending on 28
February 2006.6 On 9 March 2004, the parties amended their lease agreement by shortening the lease period to
two years and five months, commencing on 1 October 2003 and ending on 28 February 2006.7

Renovations in the Optima Building commenced in January and ended in November 2005.8 As a result, Hertz
alleged that it experienced a 50% drop in monthly sales and a significant decrease in its personnel’s productivity. It
then requested a 50% discount on its rent for the months of May, June, July and August 2005.9

On 8 December 2005, Optima granted the request of Hertz.10 However, the latter still failed to pay its rentals for the
months of August to December of 2005 and January to February 2006,11 or a total of seven months. In addition,
Hertz likewise failed to pay its utility bills for the months of November and December of 2005 and January and
February of 2006,12 or a total of four months.

On 8 December 2005, Optima wrote another letter to Hertz,13 reminding the latter that the Contract of Lease could
be renewed only by a new negotiation between the parties and upon written notice by the lessee to the lessor at
least 90 days prior to the termination of the lease period.14 As no letter was received from Hertz regarding its
intention to seek negotiation and extension of the lease contract within the 90-day period, Optima informed it that
the lease would expire on 28 February 2006 and would not be renewed.15

On 21 December 2005, Hertz wrote a letter belatedly advising Optima of the former’s desire to negotiate and extend
the lease.16 However, as the Contract of Lease provided that the notice to negotiate its renewal must be given by
the lessee at least 90 days prior to the expiration of the contract, petitioner no longer entertained respondent’s
notice.

On 30 January 2006, Hertz filed a Complaint for Specific Performance, Injunction and Damages and/or Sum of
Money with prayer for the issuance of a Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) and Writ of Preliminary Injunction
(Complaint for Specific Performance) against Optima. In that Complaint, Hertz prayed for the issuance of a TRO to
enjoin petitioner from committing acts that would tend to disrupt respondent’s peaceful use and possession of the
leased premises; for a Writ of Preliminary Injunction ordering petitioner to reconnect its utilities; for petitioner to be
ordered to renegotiate a renewal of the Contract of Lease; and for actual, moral and exemplary damages, as well as
attorney’s fees and costs.
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On 1 March 2006, Optima, through counsel, wrote Hertz a letter requiring the latter to surrender and vacate the
leased premises in view of the expiration of the Contract of Lease on 28 February 2006.17 It likewise demanded
payment of the sum of ₱420,967.28 in rental arrearages, unpaid utility bills and other charges.18 Hertz, however,
refused to vacate the leased premises.19 As a result, Optima was constrained to file before the MeTC a Complaint
for Unlawful Detainer and Damages with Prayer for the Issuance of a TRO and/or Preliminary Mandatory Injunction
(Unlawful Detainer Complaint) against Hertz.20

On 14 March 2006, Summons for the Unlawful Detainer Complaint was served on Henry Bobiles, quality control
supervisor of Hertz, who complied with the telephone instruction of manager Rudy Tirador to receive the
Summons.21

On 28 March 2006, or 14 days after service of the Summons, Hertz filed a Motion for Leave of Court to file Answer
with Counterclaim and to Admit Answer with Counterclaim (Motion for Leave to File Answer).22 In that Motion, Hertz
stated that, "in spite of the defective service of summons, it opted to file the instant Answer with Counterclaim with
Leave of Court."23 In the same Motion, it likewise prayed that, in the interest of substantial justice, the Answer with
Counterclaim attached to the Motion for Leave to File Answer should be admitted regardless of its belated filing,
since the service of summons was defective.24

On 22 May 2006, the MeTC rendered a Decision,25 ruling that petitioner Optima had established its right to evict
Hertz from the subject premises due to nonpayment of rentals and the expiration of the period of lease.26 The
dispositive portion of the Decision reads:

WHEREFORE, premises considered, the Court hereby renders judgment for the plaintiff and against the defendant,
ordering:

1. the defendant corporation and all persons claiming rights from it to immediately vacate the leased premises
and to surrender possession thereof to the plaintiff;

2. the defendant corporation to pay the plaintiff the amount of Four Hundred Twenty Thousand Nine Hundred
Sixty Seven Pesos and 28/100 (P420,967.28) representing its rentals arrearages and utility charges for the
period of August 2005 to February 2006, deducting therefrom defendant’s security deposit;

3. the defendant corporation to pay the amount of Fifty Four Thousand Two Hundred Pesos (P54,200.00) as
a reasonable monthly compensation for the use and occupancy of the premises starting from March 2006
until possession thereof is restored to the plaintiff; and

4. the defendant corporation to pay the amount of Thirty Thousand Pesos (P30,000.00) as and for attorney’s
fees; and

5. the cost of suit.

SO ORDERED.27

Hertz appealed the MeTC’s Decision to the RTC.28

Finding no compelling reason to warrant the reversal of the MeTC’s Decision, the RTC affirmed it by dismissing the
appeal in a Decision29 dated 16 March 2007.

On 18 June 2007, the RTC denied respondent’s Motion for Reconsideration of its assailed Decision.30

Hertz thereafter filed a verified Rule 42 Petition for Review on Certiorari with the CA.31

On appeal, the CA ruled that, due to the improper service of summons, the MeTC failed to acquire jurisdiction over
the person of respondent Hertz. The appellate court thereafter reversed the RTC and remanded the case to the
MeTC to ensure the proper service of summons. Accordingly, the CA issued its 17 March 2008 Decision, the fallo of
which reads:

WHEREFORE, premises considered, the May 22, 2006 Decision of the Metropolitan Trial Court of Makati City,
Branch 64, in Civil Case No. 90842, and both the March 16, 2007 Decision, as well as the June 18, 2007
Resolution, of the Regional Trial Court of Makati City, Branch 137, in Civil Case No. 06-672, are hereby
REVERSED, ANNULLED and SET ASIDE – due to lack of jurisdiction over the person of the defendant corporation
HERTZ. This case is hereby REMANDED to the Metropolitan Trial Court of Makati City, Branch 64, in Civil Case No.
90842, which is DIRECTED to ensure that its Sheriff properly serve summons to only those persons listed in Sec.
11, Rule 14 of the Rules of Civil Procedure in order that the MTC could acquire jurisdiction over the person of the
defendant corporation HERTZ.
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SO ORDERED.32

Petitioner’s Motion for Reconsideration of the CA’s Decision was denied in a Resolution dated 20 May 2008.33

Aggrieved by the ruling of the appellate court, petitioner then filed the instant Rule 45 Petition for Review on
Certiorari with this Court.34

THE ISSUES

As culled from the records, the following issues are submitted for resolution by this Court:

1. Whether the MeTC properly acquired jurisdiction over the person of respondent Hertz;

2. Whether the unlawful detainer case is barred by litis pendentia; and

3. Whether the ejectment of Hertz and the award of damages, attorneys fees and costs are proper.

THE COURT’S RULING

We grant the Petition and reverse the assailed Decision and Resolution of the appellate court.

The MeTC acquired jurisdiction over the person of respondent Hertz.

In civil cases, jurisdiction over the person of the defendant may be acquired either by service of summons or by the
defendant’s voluntary appearance in court and submission to its authority.35

In this case, the MeTC acquired jurisdiction over the person of respondent Hertz by reason of the latter’s voluntary
appearance in court.

In Philippine Commercial International Bank v. Spouses Dy,36 we had occasion to state:

Preliminarily, jurisdiction over the defendant in a civil case is acquired either by the coercive power of legal
processes exerted over his person, or his voluntary appearance in court. As a general proposition, one who seeks
an affirmative relief is deemed to have submitted to the jurisdiction of the court. It is by reason of this rule that we
have had occasion to declare that the filing of motions to admit answer, for additional time to file answer, for
reconsideration of a default judgment, and to lift order of default with motion for reconsideration, is considered
voluntary submission to the court's jurisdiction. This, however, is tempered by the concept of conditional
appearance, such that a party who makes a special appearance to challenge, among others, the court's jurisdiction
over his person cannot be considered to have submitted to its authority.

Prescinding from the foregoing, it is thus clear that:

(1) Special appearance operates as an exception to the general rule on voluntary appearance;

(2) Accordingly, objections to the jurisdiction of the court over the person of the defendant must be explicitly
made, i.e., set forth in an unequivocal manner; and

(3) Failure to do so constitutes voluntary submission to the jurisdiction of the court, especially in instances
where a pleading or motion seeking affirmative relief is filed and submitted to the court for resolution.
(Emphases supplied)

In this case, the records show that the following statement appeared in respondent’s Motion for Leave to File
Answer:

In spite of the defective service of summons, the defendant opted to file the instant Answer with Counterclaim with
Leave of Court, upon inquiring from the office of the clerk of court of this Honorable Court and due to its notice of
hearing on March 29, 2005 application for TRO/Preliminary Mandatory Injunction was received on March 26, 2006.
(Emphasis supplied)37

Furthermore, the Answer with Counterclaim filed by Hertz never raised the defense of improper service of
summons. The defenses that it pleaded were limited to litis pendentia, pari delicto, performance of its obligations
and lack of cause of action.38 Finally, it even asserted its own counterclaim against Optima.39

Measured against the standards in Philippine Commercial International Bank, these actions lead to no other
conclusion than that Hertz voluntarily appeared before the court a quo. We therefore rule that, by virtue of the

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voluntary appearance of respondent Hertz before the MeTC, the trial court acquired jurisdiction over respondent’s.

II

The instant ejectment case is not barred by litis pendentia. Hertz contends that the instant case is barred by litis
pendentia because of the pendency of its Complaint for Specific Performance against Optima before the RTC.

We disagree.

Litis pendentia requires the concurrence of the following elements:

(1) Identity of parties, or at least their representation of the same interests in both actions;

(2) Identity of rights asserted and reliefs prayed for, the relief being founded on the same facts; and

(3) Identity with respect to the two preceding particulars in the two cases, such that any judgment that may be
rendered in the pending case, regardless of which party is successful, would amount to res judicata in the
other case.40

Here, while there is identity of parties in both cases, we find that the rights asserted and the reliefs prayed for under
the Complaint for Specific Performance and those under the present Unlawful Detainer Complaint are different. As
aptly found by the trial court:

The Complaint for Specific Performance] seeks to compel plaintiff-appellee Optima to: (1) renegotiate the contract of
lease; (2) reconnect the utilities at the leased premises; and (3) pay damages. On the other hand, the unlawful
detainer case sought the ejectment of defendant-appellant Hertz from the leased premises and to collect arrears in
rentals and utility bills.41

As the rights asserted and the reliefs sought in the two cases are different, we find that the pendency of the
Complaint for Specific Performance is not a bar to the institution of the present case for ejectment.

III

The eviction of respondent and the award of damages,

attorney’s fees and costs were proper.

We find that the RTC’s ruling upholding the ejectment of Hertz from the building premises was proper. First,
respondent failed to pay rental arrearages and utility bills to Optima; and, second, the Contract of Lease expired
without any request from Hertz for a renegotiation thereof at least 90 days prior to its expiration.

On the first ground, the records show that Hertz failed to pay rental arrearages and utility bills to Optima. Failure to
pay timely rentals and utility charges is an event of default under the Contract of Lease,42 entitling the lessor to
terminate the lease.

Moreover, the failure of Hertz to pay timely rentals and utility charges entitles the lessor to judicially eject it under the
provisions of the Civil Code.43

On the second ground, the records likewise show that the lease had already expired on 28 February 2006 because
of Hertz’s failure to request a renegotiation at least 90 days prior to the termination of the lease period.

The pertinent provision of the Contract of Lease reads:

x x x. The lease can be renewed only by a new negotiation between the parties upon written notice by the LESSEE
to be given to the LESSOR at least 90 days prior to termination of the above lease period.44

As the lease was set to expire on 28 February 2006, Hertz had until 30 November 2005 within which to express its
interest in negotiating an extension of the lease with Optima. However, Hertz failed to communicate its intention to
negotiate for an extension of the lease within the time agreed upon by the parties. Thus, by its own provisions, the
Contract of Lease expired on 28 February 2006. 1âwphi1

Under the Civil Code, the expiry of the period agreed upon by the parties is likewise a ground for judicial
ejectment.45

As to the award of monthly compensation, we find that Hertz should pay adequate compensation to Optima, since
the former continued to occupy the leased premises even after the expiration of the lease contract. As the lease
price during the effectivity of the lease contract was P54,200 per month, we find it to be a reasonable award.

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Finally, we uphold the award of attorney's fees in the amount of P30,000 and judicial costs in the light of Hertz's
unjustifiable and unlawful retention of the leased premises, thus forcing Optima to file the instant case in order to
protect its rights and interest.

From the foregoing, we find that the MeTC committed no reversible error in its 22 May 2006 Decision, and that the
RTC committed no reversible error either in affirming the MeTC's Decision.

WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing, the instant Rule 45 Petition for Review is GRANTED. The assailed Decision
and Resolution of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 99890 are hereby REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The
Decision of the Regional Trial Court, Branch 13 7, Makati City in Civil Case No. 06-672 affirming in toto the Decision
of the Metropolitan Trial Court, Branch 64, Makati City in Civil Case No. 90842 is hereby REINSTATED and
AFFIRMED.

SO ORDERED.

MARIA LOURDES P. A. SERENO

WE CONCUR:

TERESITA J. LEONARDO-DE CASTRO

LUCAS P. BERSAMIN MARTIN S. VILLARAMA, JR.

BIENVENIDO L. REYES
Associate Justice

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution, I certify that the conclusions in the above Decision had been
reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court's Division.

MARIA LOURDES P. A. SERENO

Footnotes
1 Rollo, pp. 39-48; CA Decision dated 17 March 2008, penned by Associate Justice Vicente Q. Roxas and
concurred in by Associate Justices Josefina Guevara-Salonga and Ramon R. Garcia.
2 Id. at 38; CA Resolution dated 20 May 2008, penned by Associate Justice Vicente Q. Roxas and concurred
in by Associate Justices Josefina Guevara-Salonga and Ramon R. Garcia.
3 Id. at 49-61; RTC Decision dated 16 March 2007, penned by Presiding Judge Jenny Lind R. Aldecoa-
Delorino.

4 CA rolla, pp. 47-49; RTC Resolution dated 18 June 2007, penned by Presiding Judge Jenny Lind R.
Aldecoa-Delorino.
5 Id. at 205-209; MeTC Decision dated 22 May 2006, penned by Judge Dina Pestafio Teves.

6 Id. at 84-85; Contract of Lease dated 12 December 2002.

7 Id. at 153-154; Amendment to the Contract of Lease dated 9 March 2004.

8 Id. at 68; Complaint of Exclusive Cars, Inc. dated 30 January 2006.

9 Id. at 97.

10 Id. at 105; letter of Optima dated 8 December 2005.

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11 Id. at 114; Complaint (With Application for Temporary Restraining Order and/or Preliminary Mandatory
Injunction) dated 10 March 2006.
12 Id.

13 Id. at 103; letter of Optima dated 8 December 2005.

14 Id. at 86; Contract of Lease dated 12 December 2002.

15 Id. at 103; letter of Optima dated 8 December 2005.

16 Id. at 104; letter of Hertz dated 21 December 2005.

17 Id. at 159-160; letter of Picazo Buyco Tan Fider & Santos dated 1 March 2006.

18 Id. at 160.

19 Id. at 117; Complaint (With Application for Temporary Restraining Order and/or Preliminary
MandatoryInjunction) dated 10 March 2006.
20 Id. at 111-122.

21 Id. at 352; Sheriff’s Return dated 15 March 2006.

22 Id. at 175-177.

23 Id. at 176; Motion for Leave of Court to file Answer with Counterclaim and to Admit Answer with
Counterclaim.
24 Id.

25 Id. at 205-209.

26 Id. at 208.

27 Id. at 208-209.

28 Id. at 210; Notice of Appeal dated 20 June 2006.

29 Id. at 33-45.

30 Id. at 47-49; Resolution dated 18 June 2007.

31 Id. at 2-29; Petition dated 25 July 2007.

32 Rollo, pp. 47-48.

33 Id. at 38.

34 Id. at 13-32; Petition for Review on Certiorari (Under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court) dated 27 June 2008.

35 Santos v. NLRC, 325 Phil. 145 (1996).

36 G.R. No. 171137, 5 June 2009, 588 SCRA 612, 627-628.

37 CA rollo, p. 176.

38 Id. at 178-185.

39 Id. at 185-186.

40 Ssangyong Corp. v. Unimarine Shipping Lines, Inc., 512 Phil. 171 (2005).

41 CA rollo, p. 43; RTC Decision dated 16 March 2007.

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42 Id. at 93; Contract of Lease dated 12 December 2002.

43 CIVIL CODE, Art. 1673 (2).

44 CA rollo, p. 86; Contract of Lease dated 12 December 2002.

45 CIVIL CODE, Art. 1673 (I).

The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation

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