CA-2

OPR 505

Topic

Application of IOT/Block-chain/Big data on supply chain logistics

Submitted to- Atanu Bhattacharya

Date of Submission – 25-4-2021

Sr.no. Name Registration Number

1 Kashish Chawla 12000397

2 Bikash Ranjan Dalai 12000245
3 Nilanchal Pradhan 12000467
4 Prashant Yadav 12001988
5 Akshay Surve 12001726

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 CONTENTS

Sl No. Topics Page No

1 Introduction 3

2 IOT 4-7

3 Blockchain 8-9

4 Big-Data 10

5 Conclusion 11

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 INTRODUCTION

We can easily come up with several lists of applications where IoT and blockchain play,
whether it's in the scope of the electricity industry and selling/buying and/or smart contracts
or any other context where it matters to record autonomous, machine-to-machine
transactions.

When we talk about the supply chain there is no surprise in the growth in size and scale. Its
growth is forced by the customers. Now suppliers, retailers, and producers have started to
route their supply chain smoothly in respect of competition.

Internet is the medium where connection and communication can exist between one another
of various physical and virtual devices without human involvement that is why now the
internet of things (IoT) has become a modern technology for smooth working. Our day-to-
day problems are been challenged by the IoT devices and the various kinds of information
about our surrounding physical environment are facilitated by the sensing technique which is
then utilized for the formation of novel digitized services. Talking at an international level
IoT has achieved massive success, with the sale of billions of devices. Apart from various
benefits headed by IoT systems in several areas, the centralized IoT architecture, such that all
IoT objects are linked, managed and dominated through a central server, faces numerous
challenges. One of the key innovative technology transforming digital supply chain
management is blockchain. When there is complex growth in the supply chain it involves
several external intermediaries. Blockchain bids an ascendable and devolved environment to
IoT devices, platforms, and applications.

Banks and Financial institutes like ING, Deutsche Bank, and HSBC are doing PoC to
authenticate the blockchain technology. An extensive variety of companies have scheduled to
practice the blockchain’s potential. A mutual distributed ledger is built by the supply chain
management system constructed on the blockchain which provides an undeniable record of
all the data linked to shipment status, truck status, storage environment conditions, and more.
For the majority of companies, it is a mystery of blockchain when it comes to its practical use
in logistic and supply chain activities.

Whereas big data has one of the major benefits that is the ability to connect more rapidly. All
the issues such as delays, can be identified, communicated, and resolute more rapidly by the
use of big data including all key parties in the chain.

As a result of the introduction of new technology, devices, and communication means like
social networking sites there is a rapid growth every year in the amount of data produced by
mankind. The amount of data produced by us from the beginning of time till 2003 was 5
billion gigabytes. If you pile up the data in the form of disks it may fill an entire football
field. During 2020—experts evaluated the connection of 31 billion IoT devices. This rate is
still growing enormously. Though all this information produced is meaningful and can be
useful when processed, it is being neglected.

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Implementation of Internet Of Things (IOT) in Supply chain Management

Introduction

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of actual gadgets, vehicles, home apparatuses,
and different things inserted with hardware, programming, sensors, actuators, and availability
which empowers the things which mainly associate and trade information. This sets out open
doors for more straightforward reconciliation of the actual world into PC based frameworks,
bringing about proficiency upgrades, financial advantages, and diminished human efforts.

Internet of Things in logistics vertical has developed the business with its high level
telemetry capacities and checking arrangements. IoT for logistics area is a gift. Its execution
has empowered a logistics business to alter its usual way of doing things and gain raised
outcomes. The Internet of Things shows its capability to the fullest in measures like store
network. Management, forecasting and oversight applications assist fleet supervisors with
improving the operational effectiveness of dispersion and add straightforwardness to
dynamic.

WHY IOT SHOULD USE IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Weak links in supply chain:

1. Flexibility : Managing sudden changes in demand
2. Transparency : Difficult to gain proper visibility of the market requirements.
3. Dexterity : Responsiveness to customer requirements.
4. Systematic : Not efficient enough to be deployed to the entire supply chain

Smart Supply chain Management:|

A supply is smart if it is: Instrumented, Interconnected & Intelligent.
Smart supply chain beats the frail connections in the framework by utilization of Internet of
Things (IoT). IoT rapid solutions to the challenges of a traditional supply chain like:
1. Product Tracking
2. Improve Transactional Efficiency

The Role of IoT for Different Industry Sectors in Supply Chain

Supply chain management is a complex field. Broadly the conveyance, block of operation
unfurl at the same time and it's critical for supervisors to smooth out them. The Internet of
Things is the innovation that helps assemble higher perspectives and make complex yet
practical systems for supply chain management.

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Here's the means by which the innovation addresses different parts of supply chain
management including conveyance, logistics, and others.

 Resource Management: IoT frameworks work with resource data reforms. Rather
than logging the information physically into a bookkeeping page, a manager can
depend on the program to refresh the situation with all resources. Above this, the
Internet of Things improves resource trailing in retail by linking a RFID tag or a
standardized tag to every product, supply chain supervisers can get moment
admittance to key experiences on every conveyance, the substance of the bundle,
stockpiling manuals, etc.
 Automation: The entire possibilities of this automation show with regards to
overseeing huge storehouse for significant retail organizations. The Internet of Things
supply chain implementations engage an associated gadget that self-sufficiently
detects the stock and moves them around the storehouse.
The human-innovation intersection in assembling and supply chain helps storehouse
supervisors increment the profitability of their laborers by connecting with them in
more multiplex and challenging assignments.
 Improved asset management: The Internet of Things diminishes the business
expenses of supply chain supervisors by recognizing asset spills. IoT use cases for
inventory network offers partners sufficient information to comprehend if the
organization is spending a larger number of assets than it's putting out.
By having the option to figure framework disappointments, supply chain and
storehouse supervisors will altogether decrease the machine personal time.
 Clarity: The Internet of Things improves the effectiveness of connections between all
gatherings associated with the logistics cycle. A supervisor will actually want to
check if drivers consent to inward arrangements, if the item is put away the correct
way, and if there aren't any postponements between the stockroom and the client's
doorstep.

How IoT Devices Change Supply Chain Management

Following and checking are the primary targets for IoT arrangement in inventory network the
executives. The innovation permits stockroom and fleet chiefs to monitor their payload and
stock.

Although, there is a furthermore to the Internet of Things than its resource the executives
potential. Here are the most unmistakable impacts of the IoT supply chain revolution:

 Real-time location-tracking: The Internet of Things furnishes supply chain

supervisors with a sound stream of continuous information in regards to the area of
the item and the transportation climate. You will be cautioned if the item is sent off
course and will actually want to screen the conveyance of prepared products and
crude materials.
 Storage condition monitoring: Because of ecological sensors, supply chain
supervisors can follow the shipment operation- the temperature inside the vehicle,
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 pressing factor, stickiness, and different variables that could deal the item's
uprightness.
 Forecast the movement and the arrival of the product: The measure of detail
supply chain supervisors get on account of IoT gadgets improves the nature of
analyzing and builds the accuracy of conveyance forecast. On account of ongoing
following, a supply chain IoT organization will actually want to anticipate the last
conveyance date just as conjecture and moderate dangers before they happen.
 Locate goods in the warehouse: IoT is one of stockroom innovation patterns as the
proficiency of warehouse workers, permitting them to invest less energy on finding a
conveyance. Because of continuous area trackers, the laborers will know the specific
passageway for a particular package. Joined with man-made brainpower, IoT is a
venturing stone for mechanized vehicles that can recover gadgets with no human
oversight. The Internet of Things empowers a consistent work process that is difficult
to accomplish something else.
 Improve contingency planning: IoT gadgets help supply chain supervisors plan
direction, considering the quantity of mishaps or other deferral instigating events that
occurred on the interstate. The Internet of Things assitance all information expected to
create adaptable emergency courses of action and get to the reason for existing
deferrals. The innovation offers supply chain supervisors continuous alarms that
speed up hazard moderation.

Benefits of Internet of Things in SCM

With the developing acclaim of the Internet of Things as a top priority, more organizations
look to gain the satisfactions of the innovation in the supply chain. If you are thinking about
how IoT can improve your organization's productivity and diminish working expenses, here's
an outline of its advantages in SCM.

 Fast Moving: Course arranging apparatuses and associated IoT supply chain
management stages increment the general supply chain rate productivity vastly. The
Internet of Things abbreviates the responses, considering quicker dynamic, mitigates
retard hazards, and improves the productivity of tracking products inside the
stockroom
 Improved Adaptability: Associated stages are quicker and simpler to access than the
on-premises frameworks. By building a cloud-based IoT framework, supply chain
supervisors guarantees all gatherings associated with the cycle will approach
applicable information. Above this, an associated IoT assistance will introduce all
gathered experiences such that is applicable to a specific situation, helping guide
labourers each progression through the supply chain.
 Great Efficiency: IoT furnishes directors with itemized bits of knowledge on the
products turnover, helping retailers and supply chain supervisors know the number of
units of each item ought to be required. The Internet of Things diminishes the effect
of human blunder, also, by distinguishing bundles and exploring drivers on the way
 Upgraded Segmentation: IoT helps sort through information and decide designs that
would show the reasons that develop the benefit of each SDK. The innovation helps
retailers and supply chain supervisors fragment items in light of the intended interest
group. Because of the Internet of Things, all organization partners will have a superior
comprehension of what kinds of clients are captivated to an item.
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 Top Companies Using IoT in Supply chain Management

Worldwide brands push the outskirts in utilizing the Internet of Things for the supply chain
management. Here are a couple of IoT in supply chain application of how extensive
companies get profit by IoT consistently:

Amazon

Back in 2012, the organization procured associated robots for stockroom administration. The
principle undertaking of computerized innovation is to distinguish items by checking QR-
codes on the package. By executing IoT in the stockroom, Amazon utilizes the human labor
force all the more gainfully, permitting individuals to concentrate on duty like pressing,
wrapping, or stock administration.

New Maersk Line

The Danish consigning industry guided its Remote Container Management System back in
2016 — it screens the temperature and dampness of the products in holders, diminishing food
decay and asset squander. The stage screens ocean conditions and improves the accuracy of
climate conditions arranging.

Nissan

The vehicle producer depends on IoT robotization to interface different modern plants. The
organization has executed savvy warehouse administration frameworks at its production line
in Sunderland, UK.

Volvo

The organization is utilizing an associated cloud-based framework to screen the shipment of

vehicle parts from various nations. Volvo utilizes the Internet of Things to follow vehicle
conveyance to the enterprise's global providers.

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 Implementation of Blockchain in Supply chain Management

Introduction

Blockchain, generally known as the backbone innovation behind Bitcoin, is one of the arising
advances right now in the market drawing in parcel of considerations from endeavors, new
companies and media. Blockchain can possibly change numerous businesses and make
measures more just, secure, straightforward, furthermore, productive. In spite of the fact that
numerous financial and non-financial players are eagerly waiting for to know the capability
of this innovation.

Blockchain is one of the key inventive advancements changing computerized store network
the executives. As supply chains develop more mind boggling in nature, include assorted
partners, and fundamentally depend on various outside delegates, blockchain arose as a solid
competitor for de-tangling all the information/reports/correspondence trades occurring inside
the inventory network biological system.

How Blockchain helps in Supply chain Management?

Transparent and controlled transactions

Block chain has no middle person (e.g., a bank). It brings about quicker and more
straightforward settlements, as the record is refreshed consequently. Installment conditions
can be pre-modified naturally, including the perceivability of an exchange, with the goal that
it must be noticeable to the approved members.

Preapproved transaction fees

When making cross-line instalments with Swift, the commission for the exchange is deducted
solely after the exchange fulfilment — or, to be more careful, after going through an entire
number of the delegate banks, which have been executing this exchange. In the event of
blockchain, you know the charges in advance.

Auditability
Every one of the exchanges are promptly apparent to approved gatherings, which means
nobody can alter, erase or cover any data added to the blockchain.

Reliable
Because of its appropriated nature, blockchain doesn't have a solitary place of
disappointment. Plus, every one of the exchanges handled on the blockchain are permanent
and unalterable, further disposing of the dangers of misrepresentation.

Trade ability
Block chain innovation empowers proficient proprietorship and authorizing. Confirming past
proprietorship through normalized authorizing strategies is imperative for various ventures.
Furthermore, blockchain can be used to precisely permit administrations, items, and
programming using mechanized keen agreement instalments. Blockchain gives agreement,
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which implies there is no question in the chain in regards to exchanges by plan. All elements
on the chain have a similar variant of the record, giving it the exceptional potential to follow
proprietorship records for land, vehicles, and computerized resources.

Top Companies Using Blockchain in Supply chain Management

Our present inventory network is broken severally. As organizations have begun

understanding the capability of imaginative advancements like Blockchain, they have begun
executing it for continuous information access, protection, detectability, and auditability for
their store network the board.

Walmart

Walmart is using Blockchain innovation to add straightforwardness to the food supply

environment by digitizing the whole food production network measure. With the assistance
of Hyperledger texture, the organization can make the cycle straightforward, detectable, and
dependable.

Ford

In late January 2020, it was declared that Ford Motor Company is planning to use Blockchain
to follow supplies of cobalt. Cobalt is viewed as a fundamental element for electric vehicle
batteries. Passage, with IBM, plans to follow its crude materials like cobalt from the
providers. Using Blockchain, the engine organization needs to guarantee that they are getting
a genuine item to keep up its quality. At the point when cobalt is mined, they will get on the
record, and afterward the organization can follow where it's going from that point.

De Beers
De Beers, the world's greatest jewel maker by the worth of its pearls, is likewise using
Blockchain innovation to follow each normal precious stone from the mine to the retail
counter. The blockchain stage, known as Tracer, helps in checking the credibility of precious
stones and guarantee they are not from struggle zones where jewels might be utilized to back
savagery.

FedEx

FedEx, which is one of the biggest transportation endeavours, is seeing a solitary, normalized
record, Blockchain, as an imaginative innovation to monitor their chain of care. To follow its
shipments, the transportation monster has received Blockchain. Also, the endeavour has
joined BiTA and dispatched a block chain - fuelled experimental run program with the
expectation that the program will clarify what information ought to be put away on
Blockchain to best correct client debates. Carrying out Blockchain will empower customers
to get data in a quicker and dependable way and their client support individuals to answer
inquiries in an ideal way.

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 Implementation of BigData in Supply chain Management

Generally Big Data Is a kind of large amount of data and from that data we try to find out its
hidden trend or pattern, Correlations and other hidden insights. There are several technologies
through which we can easily find out the trend but our main motive here is to use the Big
Data and get to know how we can inculcate that technology and use in Supply Chain and
logistics.

There are several stages in supply chain when we use the technology of big data in it.

1. Big Data for Planning – This is very first stage of the entire chain where we collect
all data and using some software and technology we analyse that and try to find out
the future trend and take decision accordingly.
2. Big Data for development and Sourcing – Whenever company procure then they
have to infuse huge amount but they can replace that using outsourcing and constantly
analyse the performance of the contractor also.
3. Big Data for Execution – In this stage we try to take maximum output from the
available machinery and resource. For example in manufacturing industry IOT
sensors can provide real time data for further execution.
4. Big Data for Delivery – In delivery 3 things plays a significant role. Speed, Accuracy
and Efficiency. Real time data will provide the clear picture of condition of road,
Traffic and whether condition at the place where delivery is going to happen.

Apart from all these things there are many advantages of using Big Data before taking any
decision for the business.

 Increase customer Smooth Experience.

 Increase ability to forecast demand more accurately.
 Increase delivers speed and accuracy.
 Supply Chain Execution in Real Time.

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 Conclusion

Here is the conclusion of the report saying that the internet is the concept in which the virtual world of
information connected to the real world. The technologies such as RFID and sensor make our life
become better and more comfortable.

 The Internet of Things has a huge scope of IoT applications in supply chain management. It
works with the trailing and checking of products, carries more clarity to the conveyance
procedure, and expands the accuracy of preparation. An IoT-based stage is an extraordinary
venture for private ventures and large organizations, as long as you have a reasonable target
for what you need the innovation to achieve for you. On boarding a skilled group for the plan
and improvement stage is critical also. To ensure your IoT answer for supply chain meets the
advanced tech drifts and is completely useful

 Block chain is revolutionary and it will make the human life simpler and safer, it changes the
way the personal information is stored and how the transactions are made. It has a good future
in different sectors like supply chain management, digital advertising, cyber security etc.

 The adoption of big data has revolutionized the logistics and also supplies chain management.
Big data can be used for route optimization in logistics and supply chain management. This
process involves moving products from one place to another, that can create bottlenecks and
by using big data we can find out the cause of the bottlenecks.

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