Lesson 2

Chapter 1: LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION
Activity 2 (Lesson 2: Learning Metaphors)
Exercise 2.1
1. Based on your understanding, what is metaphor? How does a learning metaphor help you
account for the process of learning and how it occurs in the classroom?
2. How do we use such metaphors in practice?
3. What is asocial relationship How do you account for its contribution to develop the metaphor of
learning as a guided performance?
Exercise 2.2
Create metaphors of learning based on the following situations, and then explain why you arrive at such
metaphors.
1. Imagine that you were disembarking from a train. You did not know the place because it was
your first time to be there to visit your aunt. Your aunt had told you already through text
message about the landmarks of the place. Suddenly, while going off the train, you caught sight
of a classmate in the high school. You approached her, talked to her, and ask her where to find
the place you were looking for. Your friend was so kind to help you find the way to your aunt’s
place.
2. Mr. Del Valle is a teacher in the Teaching Profession, one of the subjects in teacher education
program. He regards today’s students as inferior to those of five years ago. He believes that the
schools fail to prepare them for college life. He finds that his lectures do not work at their best
because students show no interest in learning a new material. The following day, he meditates
and asks himself if that goes wrong with his students. That day, he has decided to change his
style of teaching. He uses the lingo of his students. After that he concludes that his students are
not that inferior.
3. Czarina is a student in Principles of Teaching 2. She finds the subjects quite boring because the
teacher talks about lesson planning and the structure of a lesson design. Miss Angeles notices
that Czarina performs the assigned task inadvertently. After the class, the teacher asks herself.
What makes Czarina act that way in her class? The next day, Mess Angeles is enthusiastic and
energetic to continue with the discussion on lesson planning. She uses positive planning
approaches to Czarina’s everyday life occurrences. The following day, Miss Angeles is surprised.
With amazement, Czarina looks at the teacher, smiles at her, and occasionally nods her head.
4. Teacher Karen is now in her fifth year as a clinical instructor in the College of Nursing. She wants
to modify the syllabus for nursing students in her discipline. She wants to apply ideas from
nursing researches to the practice of teaching. She has developed an ability to provide
meaningful engagement of student learning with the content.
5.
Exercise 2.3
Now, let us try to use a cloze test. A cloze test is a variation of the fill-in the blanks format. It is
generally used to measure reading comprehension where the respondents receive narrative text on a
topic with keywords deleted in a specified order (for example every forth word). Complete the following
paragraph by filling in the missing words.
Thinking, which is _______ complex skill or ______ of skill, is ______ as content to ______
taught. First, all ______ must learn to _______. Second, the extent ______ which they do ______ all
their other ______.
When we explain ______ we usually use ______. We can say ______ involves at least ______
metaphors. One, thinking ______intellectual process; two, ______ as mental activity; thinking as
cognitive ______.
Activity 3 (Lesson 3: Types of knowledge)
Exercise 3.1
1. Give at least three examples for each of the following:

a. Facts
b. Concepts, and
c. Generalization
2. How would you test if you have learned the episodic and semantic knowledge?
3. What are categories?
4. How do we account for:
a. Natural categories
b. Artifact categories, and
c. Nominal categories
Exercise 3.2
1. What do you think are the best learning strategies for you to study in exams?
2. Do you have a well-developed strategy in maximizing your time, effort, and potentials?
3. How do acquire your concept skills and study skills? Cite concrete examples.
Exrecise3.3
In this activity, you may ask your resource teacher and students in you Field Study.
1. a. Interview at least two teachers either in the elementary or high school.

b. Ask them how they teach students how to learn.
c. List down the techniques used in teaching concepts.
2. a. Interview at least two students.
b. Ask them to describe how they learn a new material or solve a problem.
c. Interpret the students’ use of techniques in learning various concepts.

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Chapter 1: LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION

Activity 2 (Lesson 2: Learning Metaphors)

Activity 3 (Lesson 3: Types of knowledge)

1. Give at least three examples for each of the following:

1. a. Interview at least two teachers either in the elementary or high school.

2. a. Interview at least two students.

c. Interpret the students’ use of techniques in learning various concepts.

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