SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Practical
Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 3
Title: Synthesizing Information
from Relevant Literature
Science – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Synthesizing Information from Relevant Literature
First Edition, 2020

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 12

Practical
Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Citing Related Literature Using
Standard Style
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Synthesizing Information from Relevant Literature

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Synthesizing Information from Relevant Literature!!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process

3
 what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the lesson on synthesizing information from relevant literature. The scope of
this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module has one lesson, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Synthesizing Information from Relevant Literature

At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:

1. identify tips in paraphrasing;
2. paraphrase scientific sources; and
3. appreciate the importance of paraphrasing in research writing.

5
 What I Know

Direction. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Is restating a statement or passage in your own words:
a. Evaluating
b. Paraphrasing
c. Quoting
d. Summarizing

2. Which is NOT true about paraphrasing?

a. Technical terms or generally accepted terms must be paraphrased.
b. The length should be the same or almost the same.
c. The source is indicated in the paraphrase.
d. The structure is different from that of the source.

3. Which is NOT observed in a paraphrase?

a. Citations may or may not be included in the paraphrase.
b. The length of the paraphrase is the same or almost the same with the
original source.
c. The meaning of the original source must be maintained in the
paraphrase.
d. The structure of the paraphrase must be different from the original
source.

4. Which should be changed in the paraphrase?

a. The length of the original source
b. The meaning of the original source
c. The structure from the original source
d. The technical terms from the original source

5. Which is NOT a step in paraphrasing?

a. Change the keywords or technical terms.
b. Change the structure.
c. Cite the source.
d. Read and understand the text carefully.

6. In paraphrasing using the APA style, which information should NOT be

included?
a. Author’s name
b. Page number
c. Year of publication
d. All of the above.

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7. In paraphrasing, which should NOT be retained?
a. The length of the original source
b. The meaning of the original source
c. The structure from the original source
d. The technical terms from the original source

8. Which of the following does NOT show a way to change the structure?
a. Change the part of speech
b. Copy the order of the words from the original source
c. Rearrange the sequence of the words
d. Use synonyms

9. Which of the following is NOT a guide question to check if the paraphrase is

a good one?
a. Does the paraphrase indicate the source?
b. Is the length of the paraphrase the same or almost the same as the
original source?
c. Is the meaning the different from that of the original source?
d. Is the structure different from the original source?

10.Which of the following is the best reason for paraphrasing?

a. It is required in the paper.
b. The text should strongly support your idea, which means it comes
from an authority in the field.
c. You are too lazy to paraphrase or summarize.
d. You want to say the statement in your own words.

For numbers 11-15, identify which if the following is the best paraphrase of the
given statements.

11.“Three issues are especially crucial to understanding the possible uses of the
human genome.” (Alvarez, 2019, p.10)
a. Three things are especially crucial to understanding the possible uses
of the human genome.
b. Three things are especially crucial to understanding the possible uses
of the human genome (Alvarez, 2019).
c. Understanding potential uses of the human genome is linked to three
vital issues.
d. Understanding potential uses of the human genome is linked to three
vital issues (Alvarez, 2019).

12. “While most people are aware of such medical possibilities, they are less
aware of the fact that genes can also uncover a great deal about
humankind's history and culture.” (Magalona, 2019, p.10)
a. Many persons are aware of such medical possibilities, but they are
less knowledgeable about people's history and culture (Magalona,
2019).
b. Many persons are aware of such medical possibilities, but they are
less knowledgeable about people's history and culture.

7
 c. Most people know that genes are linked to potential medical
advances. However, what they do not realize is genes can also tell us
about a society and its past (Magalona, 2019).
d. Most people know that genes are linked to potential medical
advances. However, what they do not realize is genes can also tell us
about a society and its past.
13. “On June 26 Francis Collins, head of the Human Genome Project, and Craig
Venter, head of Celera Genomics, announced that they had completed the
reading of a "rough draft" of the human genome - the complete set of human
DNA.” (Escuro, 2018, p. 35)
a. It was announced by two researchers that they had read the first
reading of the complete set of human DNA (Escuro, 2018).
b. It was announced by two researchers that they had read the first
reading of the complete set of human DNA.
c. On June 26 two scientists stated they had finished the initial reading
of the human genome.
d. On June 26 two scientists stated they had finished the initial reading
of the human genome (Escuro, 2018).

14.“The fact that adult Europeans are twice as likely as Asians to tolerate
lactose in milk reflects a much longer history of dairy farming in the West.”
(Pareja, 2017, p.54)
a. In comparison to Europeans, adult Asians have an inability to tolerate
lactose in dairy products such as milk. This is because Europeans
have had dairy farms longer than Asians (Pareja, 2018).
b. In comparison to Europeans, adult Asians have an inability to tolerate
lactose in dairy products such as milk. This is because Europeans
have had dairy farms longer than Asians (Pareja, 2017).
c. Twice as few Asians can tolerate lactose in milk. However, the
Europeans, who have a long history of dairy farming, can better
tolerate the lactose (Pareja, 2018).
d. Twice as few Asians can tolerate lactose in milk. However, the
Europeans, who have a long history of dairy farming, can better
tolerate the lactose (Pareja, 2017).

15. “Increased student confidence in their ability to avoid plagiarism would

hypothetically result in an inaccurate perception that they are fully
knowledgeable about the complexities involved in proper citations in
scientific papers” (p. 259).
a. According to Schuetze (2004, p. 259), "One danger of increasing
students' confidence in their ability to avoid plagiarism is that this
overconfidence could leave them unaware that they do not
understand the complexities of proper citation."
b. Increased student confidence in their ability to avoid plagiarism would
hypothetically result in an inaccurate perception that they are fully
knowledgeable about the complexities involved in proper citations in
scientific papers (2004).
c. Increased student confidence in their ability to avoid plagiarism would
hypothetically result in an inaccurate perception that they are fully
knowledgeable about the complexities involved in proper citations in
scientific papers (Schuetze, 2004).
d. One danger that arises from learning about plagiarism is that
students may mistakenly believe that they know all there is to know
about citing information properly (Schuetze, 2004).

8
 Lesson
Citing Related Literature
1 Using Standard Style
Give credit where credit is due.

What’s In

Activity 1. Share your Thoughts

Direction. Ask the student to share their thoughts on the given quotation and try
to relate it to the conduct of research.

“Be Yourself. An
original is worth more
than a copy”
― Suzy Kassem, Rise Up and
Salute the Sun: The Writings
of Suzy Kassem

9
 What’s New

Activity 2. Scrutinizing Processed Information

Direction. Study the following quoted information stated in a variety of ways.
Afterwards, answer the following guide questions.

Source:

“Man contributes to the instability of slopes through construction

activities, quarrying and mining, and unabated logging and
kaingin which lead to the loss of deeply rooting trees and soil
cohesiveness” (Rimando & Belen, 2016, p. 80).

10
 Version 1: Version 2:

Man adds to the uncertainty of hills According to Rimando and Belen

through building activities, extracting (2016) man adds to the uncertainty of
and excavating, and persistent logging hills through building activities,
and kaingin which proceed to the extracting and excavating, and
damage of deeply rooting trees and soil persistent logging and kaingin which
cohesiveness. proceed to the damage of deeply
rooting trees and soil cohesiveness.

Version 3: Version 4:

Deeply rooted trees and cohesive soil According to Rimando and Belen
which maintain stability of slopes are (2016) deeply rooted trees and cohesive
damaged because of the human soil which maintain stability of slopes
activities that involve building are damaged because of the human
construction, extraction and excavation activities that involve building
of minerals, and persistent logging and construction, extraction and excavation
kaingin. of minerals, and persistent logging and
kaingin.

Guide Questions:

1. Which of the following versions simply used synonyms to replace the words
used in the original source and did not acknowledge the source?

2. Which of the following versions changed some words, retained technical terms
or generally accepted terms, restructured the statement, and acknowledged
the source?

3. Which of the following versions changed the words, retained technical terms or
generally accepted terms, restructured the statement, but did not
acknowledge the source?

4. Which of the following versions simply used synonyms to replace the words
used in the original source but acknowledged the source?

5. Which of the following versions can be considered plagiarized?

6. Which of the following versions can be considered a good synthesis of the

source?

11
 What is It

Paraphrasing is restating a statement or passage in your own words. It is

one way by which we integrate our sources in our paper. It is a note taking
strategy that will help us avoid plagiarism.

Some Observations in Paraphrasing:

1. The meaning conveyed in the paraphrased material should be the same as

that of the original source.
2. The length should be the same or almost the same as that of the original
source.
3. The structure is different from that of the source.
4. Technical terms or generally accepted terms may be retained.
5. The source is indicated in the paraphrase.

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Steps in Paraphrasing:

1. Read and understand the text carefully. Read it several times so you can get
the meaning.

2. Identify (underline or highlight) technical terms and major ideas.

For example:

“Alkenes are obtained in industrial quantities chiefly by the cracking of

petroleum” (Mina, Villalobos, Hernandez, and Manalo 2014, 210).

The keywords and major ideas are the following:

Alkenes; obtained; industrial quantities; chiefly; cracking of petroleum

3. Express these major ideas in your own words but retain the keywords or
generally accepted terms.

alkenes – alkenes

obtained – gathered; gotten; gained

industrial quantities – large scale production
chiefly – mainly; primarily
cracking of petroleum – breaking down petroleum
Alkenes are gathered from large scale production primarily by the breaking
down of petroleum.
4. Change the structure. This means that you would rearrange the sequence
the words appear in the sentence. This can be done by changing the part of
speech and using synonyms.
Through breaking down petroleum, alkenes are gathered from large scale
production.
5. Cite the source. In APA, you only include the author’s name and year of
publication.
According to Mina, Villalobos, Hernandez, and Manalo (2014) through breaking
down petroleum, alkenes are gathered from large scale production.

13
 What’s More

Activity 3. Paraphrasing Activity

Direction. Paraphrase the given material. Write your answer in the box provided.
Use the checklist afterwards to see if your paraphrase is effective. Please ensure
that you apply the process of paraphrasing.

Quoted Material: “When producers and consumers die, the organic matter is
broken down by decomposers or detrivore.”

Author: Quinto and Florida

Year of Publication: 2017

14
 Your version:

Checklist. Put a check if you think your version meets the criteria.

1. Is the meaning the same as that of the original source?

2. Is the structure different from the original source?

3. Is the length of the paraphrase the same or almost the same as

the original source?

4. Does the paraphrase indicate the source?

What I Have Learned

Activity 4. Fill Me In!

Direction. Fill-in the blanks to complete the following paragraph.

Paraphrasing is restating a 1._________________ or 2.a_______________ in your

own words. In paraphrasing, you retain the 3. ____________ and the length of your
version is 4._____________ the original source. In addition, you also retain the
5.__________________ and change the 6.______________ of the original source. Finally,
you also indicate the source particularly the 7.________________ and
8._____________.

15
 What I Can Do

Activity 5. Looking for Flaws in Poorly Paraphrased Sources

Direction. Go back to the three versions presented in Activity 1. Point out the flaws
of each version that make them an ineffective paraphrase.

Version 1

Version 2

Version 3

16
 Assessment

Direction. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Is restating a statement or passage in your own words:

a. Evaluating
b. Paraphrasing
c. Quoting
d. Summarizing

2. Which is NOT true about paraphrasing?

a. Technical terms or generally accepted terms must be paraphrased.
b. The length should be the same or almost the same.
c. The source is indicated in the paraphrase.
d. The structure is different from that of the source.

3. Which is NOT observed in a paraphrase?

a. Citations may or may not be included in the paraphrase.

17
 b. The length of the paraphrase is the same or almost the same with the
original source.
c. The meaning of the original source must be maintained in the
paraphrase.
d. The structure of the paraphrase must be different from the original
source.

4. Which should be changed in the paraphrase?

a. The length of the original source
b. The meaning of the original source
c. The structure from the original source
d. The technical terms from the original source

5. Which is NOT a step in paraphrasing?

a. Change the keywords or technical terms.
b. Change the structure.
c. Cite the source.
d. Read and understand the text carefully.

6. In paraphrasing using the APA style, which information should NOT be

included?
a. Author’s name
b. Page number
c. Year of publication
d. All of the above.

7. In paraphrasing, which should NOT be retained?

a. The length of the original source
b. The meaning of the original source
c. The structure from the original source
d. The technical terms from the original source

8. Which of the following does NOT show a way to change the structure?
a. Change the part of speech
b. Copy the order of the words from the original source
c. Rearrange the sequence of the words
d. Use synonyms

9. Which of the following is NOT a guide question to check if the paraphrase is

a good one?
a. Does the paraphrase indicate the source?
b. Is the length of the paraphrase the same or almost the same as the
original source?
c. Is the meaning the different from that of the original source?
d. Is the structure different from the original source?

10.Which of the following is the best reason for paraphrasing?

a. It is required in the paper.
b. The text should strongly support your idea, which means it comes
from an authority in the field.
c. You are too lazy to paraphrase or summarize.

18
 d. You want to say the statement in your own words.

For numbers 11-15, identify which if the following is the best paraphrase of the
given statements.

11.“Three issues are especially crucial to understanding the possible uses of the
human genome.” (Alvarez, 2019, p.10)
a. Three things are especially crucial to understanding the possible uses
of the human genome.
b. Three things are especially crucial to understanding the possible uses
of the human genome (Alvarez, 2019).
c. Understanding potential uses of the human genome is linked to three
vital issues.
d. Understanding potential uses of the human genome is linked to three
vital issues (Alvarez, 2019).

12. “While most people are aware of such medical possibilities, they are less
aware of the fact that genes can also uncover a great deal about
humankind's history and culture.” (Magalona, 2019, p.10)
a. Many persons are aware of such medical possibilities, but they are
less knowledgeable about people's history and culture (Magalona,
2019).
b. Many persons are aware of such medical possibilities, but they are
less knowledgeable about people's history and culture.
c. Most people know that genes are linked to potential medical
advances. However, what they do not realize is genes can also tell us
about a society and its past (Magalona, 2019).
d. Most people know that genes are linked to potential medical
advances. However, what they do not realize is genes can also tell us
about a society and its past.

13. “On June 26 Francis Collins, head of the Human Genome Project, and Craig
Venter, head of Celera Genomics, announced that they had completed the
reading of a "rough draft" of the human genome - the complete set of human
DNA.” (Escuro, 2018, p. 35)
a. It was announced by two researchers that they had read the first
reading of the complete set of human DNA (Escuro, 2018).
b. It was announced by two researchers that they had read the first
reading of the complete set of human DNA.
c. On June 26 two scientists stated they had finished the initial reading
of the human genome.
d. On June 26 two scientists stated they had finished the initial reading
of the human genome (Escuro, 2018).

14.“The fact that adult Europeans are twice as likely as Asians to tolerate
lactose in milk reflects a much longer history of dairy farming in the West.”
(Pareja, 2017, p.54)
a. In comparison to Europeans, adult Asians have an inability to tolerate
lactose in dairy products such as milk. This is because Europeans
have had dairy farms longer than Asians (Pareja, 2018).
b. In comparison to Europeans, adult Asians have an inability to tolerate
lactose in dairy products such as milk. This is because Europeans
have had dairy farms longer than Asians (Pareja, 2017).

19
 c. Twice as few Asians can tolerate lactose in milk. However, the
Europeans, who have a long history of dairy farming, can better
tolerate the lactose (Pareja, 2018).
d. Twice as few Asians can tolerate lactose in milk. However, the
Europeans, who have a long history of dairy farming, can better
tolerate the lactose (Pareja, 2017).

15. “Increased student confidence in their ability to avoid plagiarism would

hypothetically result in an inaccurate perception that they are fully
knowledgeable about the complexities involved in proper citations in
scientific papers” (p. 259).
a. According to Schuetze (2004, p. 259), "One danger of increasing
students' confidence in their ability to avoid plagiarism is that this
overconfidence could leave them unaware that they do not
understand the complexities of proper citation."
b. Increased student confidence in their ability to avoid plagiarism would
hypothetically result in an inaccurate perception that they are fully
knowledgeable about the complexities involved in proper citations in
scientific papers (2004).
c. Increased student confidence in their ability to avoid plagiarism would
hypothetically result in an inaccurate perception that they are fully
knowledgeable about the complexities involved in proper citations in
scientific papers (Schuetze, 2004).
d. One danger that arises from learning about plagiarism is that
students may mistakenly believe that they know all there is to know
about citing information properly (Schuetze, 2004).

Additional Activities

Go online, click the link, and watch the videos to learn more about
paraphrasing:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiM0x0ApVL8
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10eg_GB_A9E
You may also want to try the following activities in paraphrasing:

1. https://owl.excelsior.edu/research/drafting-and-integrating/drafting-and-integrating-
paraphrasing-activity/
2. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/using_research/paraphrase_exercise
s/paraphrasing_exercise.html

20
 Answer Key

Assessment What I Can Do What I have Learned

1. simply used synonyms to 1. Statement
16. B
replace the words used in 2. Passage
17. A the original source and
18. A 3. Main idea
did not acknowledge the
19. C source 4. As long as
20. A 2. simply used synonyms to 5. Keywords
21. B replace the words used in 6. Structure
22. C the original source but
23. B 7. Author’s name
acknowledged the source
24. C 8. Year of publication
3. changed the words,
25. B retained technical terms
26. D or generally accepted
27. C terms, restructured the
28. D statement, but did not
29. D acknowledge the source
30. D

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What’s New What I Know

References

Barrot, J. (2017). Practical research 2 for senior high school. Quezon City: C&E

Publishing.

Lee, M. et.al. (2014). Walking you through research. Mandaluyong City: Anvil

Publishing.

Mina, G., Villalobos, M. T., Hernandez, E., & Manalo, P. (2014). General chemistry:

Concepts and application in modular form. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing

House.

Quinto, M., & Florida, J. (2017). Earth science for senior high school. Malabon City:

Mutya Publishing House.

Rea, M., & Dagamac, N. (2017). General biology 2. Manila: Rex Book Store.

Rimando, E., & Belen, J. (2016). Disaster readiness and risk reduction. Manila: Rex

Book Store.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

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Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]