Department of Education

General Chemistry 1
Atomic Structure and Formulas of
Compounds
Quarter 1 – Week 2

George B. Gatdula II
Writer

Maria Elizabeth G. Bautista

Dr. Armida S. Oblinada
Quality Assurance Team

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City

Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940
In this Supplementary Learning Material you are expected to:
1. Recognize common isotopes and their uses.
2. Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural formulas
and models.
3. Name compounds given their formula and write formula given the
name of the compound.

Directions: Select the letter of the BEST answer and write it on the space
provided.
_______1. Which of the following BEST describe isotopes?
A. Same nuclear charge but different number of electrons.
B. Same number of protons but different mass numbers.
C. Same number of electrons but different numbers of protons.
D. Same number of neutrons but different atomic number.

______2. Experimental studies show the nucleus of magnesium contains 12

protons and 14 neutrons. Which of the following BEST describes the atomic
number and mass number?
A. 12 and 14 C.12 and 26
B. 14 and 12 D.14 and 26

______3. Which of these isotopes is used in detecting a malfunction of the

thyroid glands?
A. Iodine – 131 C. Carbon - 14
B. Cobalt – 60 D. Uranium – 235

_____4. How may atoms of the same element differ? They may have different:
A. Number of neutrons C. Number of valence electrons
B. Number of protons D. Different kinds of subparticles

_______5. What carbon isotope is used by scientist to determine the age of

fossils and other archeological materials?
A. Carbon – 11 C. Carbon - 14
B. Carbon – 12 D. Carbon – 13

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Directions: Identify the proton, neutron, nucleus, and electron in the
diagram below.

Complete the data table by calculating the number of protons, electrons,

neutrons, mass number and atomic number.

Hint: In a neutral atom

a. atomic number(Z) = number of protons = number of electrons
b. Mass number(A) = number of protons + number of neutrons.
c. Number of Neutrons = mass number (A) – Atomic number(Z)

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Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons or mass
numbers. Since the number of protons (the identity of an element) are fixed for all
naturally occurring atoms of the same element, isotopes can only differ in the
number of neutrons. This is referred by the mass number assigned to its chemical
symbol.
In terms of symbol, there are two ways of writing the symbols of an isotope.

H -1 H–2 H–3
Isotopes of Hydrogen

Photo credits Socratic.org

Based on the given illustration, how do the 3 isotopes of Hydrogen differ?

__________________
Isotopes, both radioisotopes and stable ones, have many applications in Science and
Technology, particularly in age dating of artifacts and rocks, medical treatment and
diagnosis, harnessing energy sources, and in agriculture. In industry, Sodium – 24
can be used to trace leaks in gas or oil pipes in ventilating system. Such radioisotopes
are called tracers.

Radioisotopes Application in Medicine

Cobalt – 60 Radio therapy to prevent cancer
Iodine – i31 Locate brain tumors, monitor cardiac, liver, and thyroid activity.
Carbon - 14 Study metabolism changes for patients with diabetes, gout and
anemia
Sodium - 24 Study blood circulation.
Thallium - 201 Determine dame in heart tissues and detection of brain tumors.

Radioisotopes Industrial Applications

Americium - For uniform thickness when rolling steel and paper, determines
241 location of oil wells.
Iridium - 192 Test integrity of boilers and aircraft parts.

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 Uranium - 235 Nuclear power plant and naval propulsion system fuel production
of fluorescent glassware and colored wall tiles.
Californium - Determine moisture content of soil- important for road construction and
252 building industries.

Sodium - 24 Oil well studies and to locate leaks in pipelines.

Examples of model’s atom/element and molecules/compounds:

Compound Structural Ball and Stick Space filling model

(molecular Formula Model
formula)

Methane (CH4)

For Writing and naming formulas of compounds click the links below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5miM1loOkBA&t=83s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_2N-XJHdEg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tU7l62iWWck

Activity 1: Complete the data table. Use your Modern Periodic Table as a guide.

ELEMENT MASS ATOMIC Isotopic Isotopic

NUMBER NUMBER symbol symbol
(method A) (method
B)

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Example: Sodium 24 11 24
11Na Sodium -
24
1. Thallium 201

2. Iodine 131
3. Cobalt 60
4. Strontium 85
5. Phosphorus 32
6. Carbon 14
7. Uranium 235
8. Americium 241
I. Californium 252
10. Iridium 192

Activity 2: Complete the chart by writing the formula of the ions of the
compounds.
COMPOUND POSITIVE ION NEGATIVE ION
Ba(NO3)2
KCl
MgSO4
(NH4)2SO4
CaCl2
Teaching Guide for senior High School General Chemistry I CHED K to 12 Transition Program Management Unit.

Activity 3: Write the formula of the ions from the following

compounds.
Name of Formula of (+) Formula of (-) Chemical
compound ion ion formula of the
compound
Calcium Sulfate
Bismuth Nitrate
Tin(IV) oxide
Sodium
Bicarbonate
Strontium
Chromate
Teaching Guide for senior High School General Chemistry I CHED K to 12 Transition Program Management Unit.

Activity 4: Complete the data table. Name compounds given their formula or
write formula given the name of the compound.

Formula Name Formula Name

1. Tetraphosphorus Ca(OH)2 7.
decoxide

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 SnO2 2. (NH4)2CO3 8.
Zn(NO3)2 3. 9. Copper(II)
hydroxide
HClO4 4. 10. Tin(II) chloride
5. Nitrogen NaClO4 11.
Tetraflouride
Na3PO4 6. NH3 12.
Teaching Guide for senior High School General Chemistry I CHED K to 12 Transition Program Management Unit.

Activity 5: Label each bag containing illustrations representing model of

atoms and molecules.
You may choose from the different terms inside the box.

a. Pure element
b. Pure compund
c. Mixture of elements
d. Mixture of compounds

Bag A _______________

Bag B ________________

Bag C ________________

Bag D ________________

Bag E _______________

Bag F ________________

Bag G ________________

Bag H ________________

A chemical formula is an abbreviation or a Chemist shorthand in writing the

name of the compound. It indicates the symbol of elements with proper subscripts.
But before we go further let us differentiate ionic compounds and covalent compound
(a.k.a. molecular compound).
IONIC COMPOUNDS COVALENT COMPOUNDS
Consist of cation and anion. consist of nonmetallic elements sharing
Consists of metal and nonmetallic electrons
elements.

In writing chemical formula of ionic compounds, it is written by combining

the symbols of the cation (charged metallic element) and the symbol of the anion;

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monoatomic or polyatomic (charged nonmetallic substance). It is also essential to
identify the correct charge of each symbol of the ions. But how will you know what
charged is to be assigned in each element? Let me show you how ☺
Look at this portion of the periodic table. It will serve as a guide on how you will
assign charges for elements in each group.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16agvZ8K2eM

Directions: Put a check √ mark if you think that the given statement is
positive and (x) mark if negative used of knowledge of the atomic structure.
_____1. Allowed us to understand how and why atoms combine to form substances
or compounds.
_____2. Knowledge of atomic structure has allowed nuclear scientist to build nuclear
weapons.
______3. Chemists used this knowledge to synthesize new compounds for different
purposes.
______4. Developing different kinds of vaccine to cure and prevent the spred of Covid-
19 corona virus.
______5. Nuclear accidents in nuclear power plants resulted in the loss of many lives
and properties.
______6. Medical practitioners used radioiostopes in the detection and treatment of
diseases.

Directions: Choose the letter of the BEST answer.

Consider the following atoms:
Particles A B C D E F
No. of electrons 6 6 6 7 8 7
No. of neutrons 6 7 8 7 6 8
No. of protons 6 6 6 7 8 7

______1. Which atom have the same atomic mass (mass number)?

A. C,D and F B. C, B and D C. C,D and E D. D, E and F

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______2. For which atom is the atomic number 7?
i. A & D C. F & B
ii. B. D & F D. All of
these

______3. Which statement Best describes the given

atomic representations below?

A. I and II are elements

B. and III are compounds
C. II is a liquid
D. III is mixture
_____4. Which of the following is NOT true about chemical formula?
A. It shows that a substance has a definite composition.
B. It gives the number and kinds of atom present.
C.It shows the element present in the compound.
D.It shows the phase of the substance.

______5. Which pair of elements can form an ionic compound?

A. carbon and oxygen C. lithium and sodium
B. magnesium and chlorine D. sulfur and bromine

______6. Which of the following can form a binary acid?

A. HCl C. N2N4
B.H2CO3 D. PH3

______7. How many atoms of hydrogen are represented in this

chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4?

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 A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 9
______8. Consider the data table below in answering this item.

_______9. The Shroud of Turin is said by some to be the burial cloth of Jesus
Christ. If you are an archeologist which radioisotopes will you use to test the
authenticity of this claim?
A. Carbon -14 C. Cobalt - 60
B. Sodium - 24 D. Uranium - 235
______10. The two isotopes of uranium have mass numbers of 235 and 238
respectively. In what way will the two isotopes be different?
A. Mass number but never in atomic number.
B. Atomic number but never in mass number.
C. Mass number and number of neutrons.
D. Both A and C.
_______11. What is the appropriate symbol for an isotope X if Z =11
and A = 24?
A. 1124X C. 24X
B. 2411X D. 11X
_______12. What does a chemical formula tells about a compound?
I. The number of atoms.
ll. Mass number.
lll. Constituent elements that made up the compound.
IV. The kind of element.
A. I B. III and I C. III only D. I and IV

References:

Source Book for Practical Chemistry 1999. Published by: University of the Philippines National
Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development (UP-NISMED)

Teaching Guide for Senior High School General Chemistry 1 CHED K to 12 Transition Program
Management Unit

Bayquen, Aristeta V. et al 2016. Exploring life Through Science: General Chemistry I for Senior
High School

Marcelita Coronel et. al.2001 Basic Chemistry for Senior High School

Key to corrections:

Pretest: 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C

Post test: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. B

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