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g7 Research Paper
g7 Research Paper
A Research Project
Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department
University of Mindanao, Davao City
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December 2021
Chapter 1
Introduction
It is said that too much internet usage has become a problem in today's society
most known of, in countries where computer access is general. It is said that people
become so addicted to the usage of the internet that they disregard the given terms of
condition and thus ignore all harms and negative effect, including their academic
performance.
American students meet the criteria for internet addiction today. An estimated 27% of
students who spend 3 or more hours a day on the internet exhibit symptoms of poor
mental health and low academic performance (Hillard & Parisi, 2020). In fact, Kubey
heavier use of the internet. Heavier recreational Internet use was shown to be
tiredness, and missing class were also inter-correlated with self-reports of internet-
performance were both associated with greater use of all Internet applications.
On the other hand, the Philippines has been consistently bagging the title of
internet capital of the world for years, and 2020 is no different and has only cemented
its reputation as Filipino students spend most time on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.
Filipino students reportedly spend an average of 102,054 hours of their life on the
internet, thus adversely affecting their academic performance (Ichimura, 2020). In fact,
based from the data of Statista Research Department (2021), in 2020, the number of
internet users in the country grew to approximately 79.7 million people, accounting for
more than half of the total population. The digital population mostly belongs to the age
Southern Mindanao in Kabacan Cotabato, students who use the internet and hit the
books simultaneously found their multitasking led to 20% lower grades than those of
their more focused peers. However, in the study conducted by students of Davao
Doctors College they found out that usage of the internet of senior high students of
Davao Doctors College are affected by their time management and also have an impact
on their academic performance. However, students spend too much time on social
media and make less time for studying their lessons which causes the decrease of
concerns in fact cut across from parents, educators, government officials and other
human life. Apart from agreeing on the prevalence of Internet dependency among
Senior High School students, previous research has not been considerate on issues
such as why students, specifically Senior High students, use the Internet and how the
Internet affects their academic performance. Along this line, the researchers are
inspired to explore the reasons behind overuse of the internet and its impact on
academics among Senior High School students to come up with valuable data and
come up with valuable data and information that can be utilized as a future
relationship between internet usage and academic performance among senior high
school students, specifically senior high school students of University of Mindanao. This
1. What is the level of internet usage of senior high school students in terms of:
2. What is the level of academic performance of senior high school students in terms
of:
Research hypothesis:
This research explores how students utilize the Internet and how it influences
their academic performance. The goal of this study is to learn more about how students'
Students. This study acknowledges how digital online can help students in their
academics and how well their learning process becomes effective by using internet
resources and services to help them improve learning, search for information to
complete their tasks, etc. Through the use of the Internet, students had a positive
impact on their academic performance, namely by writing papers further help in doing
Through this study, they can educate the students on how to minimize their internet
usage due to the negative consequences both before and after use. Furthermore, to
teach them on how to use the internet effectively. Also, they would educate their
Parents. This study aims to help parents understand their child's Internet usage,
including the effect of the Internet on their child's academic performance. This will help
them teach their children how to limit their screen usage while doing their school
responsibilities.
Administration. Through this study, the administration will identify the problems
that are commonly faced by the students that are using the internet to do their online
learning. This will be their guide to adjust the teacher’s workloads in correlation to
lessen the students’ tasks. Moreover, this study can help the administration improve the
This study focuses on the internet usage and its effects on their academic performance,
especially amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This will be done during the school year of
2021-2022. Senior high school students from The University of Mindanao will be the
Some constraints that we might encounter is the difficulty to obtain some information,
since some respondents might have concerns or problems on their internet on the day
of the In-Depth interview. The results of this study may not apply to other regions of the
country considering the other possible opinions and experiences of the students from
Definition of terms
Internet Usage. The internet provides users with a greater understanding of the
relevance of the world around them. The internet serves as a distribution platform for a
variety of data. It is utilized by children of all ages, including secondary school students
(Akin-Adaeamola, 2014). In this study, it is defined as to how students use the internet
achievements, and objectives set out in the program or course that a student is enrolled
in. These are reflected in grades, which are the outcome of an evaluation that includes
passing or failing specific examinations, topics, or courses (Lamas, 2015). In this study,
TAM
This study is supported by the TAM model (Davis, 1989) (Perceived Usefulness,
information systems theory that models how users come to accept and use technology.
Davis defined this as "the degree to which a person believes that using a particular
system would be free from effort" (Davis 1989). TAM is well known to be one of the
Furthermore this study is based on this theory, which emphasizes how the students
come to accept and use technology in order to aid them in their academic performance.
TAM guides and identifies the limits of this study, as TAM helps define the purpose of
students using the internet as an aid to their academics. The theory also helps the
proposed by Linda Harasim that focuses on the features of the Internet to provide
knowledge building, and Internet use as a means to reshape formal, non-formal, and
informal education for the Knowledge Age” (Harasim, 2012, p. 81). Overall, it presents a
learning theory and methodology that encourages and supports students to collaborate
to generate knowledge, design and explore creative techniques, and seek conceptual
Moreover, the OCL theory helps the researchers understand how students use
the internet to help them through their academic journey. In addition, the theory aids in
specifying which key variables influence the field of interest and highlights the demand
Mindanao senior high school students while the dependent variable is Academic
Performance. The Internet usage of the University of Mindanao senior high school
Presented in this section are readings gathered from books, magazines, internet
and other periodicals as well as findings of different studies conducted locally and
Internet Usage
Duker, Bonney, and Adibi (2018) stated that the Internet was said to have aided
information and papers. The Internet has made a significant contribution to students'
better comprehend particular topics, read widely to widen their academic horizons,
complete projects, and do extensive research. They also stated that the Internet
use the internet to find and obtain academic content. As a result, information on how
effectively they use this channel is available. While working on their projects and
academic papers, students use the internet to access libraries, online books, journals,
and other educational resources. Most users utilize the internet to obtain knowledge via
electronic books, journals, and newspapers, which are more convenient than hard
copies. As we live in a digital era, the internet has undoubtedly provided us with various
options and access to a massive amount of knowledge. Furthermore, you can obtain
(2016) indicated that students' academic performance has improved due to their use of
the Internet, and students who frequently look for educational information on the
Internet perform well in their exams. They also stated that students who exchange ideas
with their peers and teachers significantly impact their academic achievement.
Consequently, the use of the internet has a good impact on a student's school duties
and a better learning experience. Also, the study revealed that internet usage is
Furthermore, Emeka and Nyeche (2016) stated that the impact of Internet usage
demonstrates that most students who use the Internet do so to gain course-related
information that aids their research, prepares them for assignments, and provides them
with access to current information sources. They also stated that the Internet had a
Humans learn through experience through active learning. According to the social-
constantly revising expectations about the expected results of future media intake
behavior. Palmgreen, Wenner, and Rosengren (1985) said this appears to be the same
cognitive theory as a source of additional information about how people use the
Internet.
that the Internet is an inevitable source of many types of knowledge and information,
which can be used for professional and personal purposes. As a result of this reality, the
each field. With the advancement of the Internet, a new phenomenon in education has
developed: learning via the Internet. Learning through the Web, in addition to the
significantly help students achieve better results in any field of teaching and learning.
Besides, In a research report conducted by Pew on the internet and American life
project, the study was based on more than 2000 surveys from undergraduate students
at 27 universities across the world (Adnan, 2003). University students, according to the
research, use the internet more than the general population. The results also show that
students who use the internet to do academic-related tasks use commercial browsers
The search for information using the internet rather than the library is confirmed
by Online Computer Library Centre (2002), Jones (2002), Kaminski, Seel and Culler
(2003) that students use commercial browsers and search engines for research and are
less likely to go into a library for information. Chandran (2000) performed research at Sri
Venkateswara University, Tirupati, which indicated that the majority of the subjects use
commercial search engines and Electronic mail services of the internet. The research
also showed that more than 255 respondents use the internet 2-3 times a week. The
respondents' purpose of using the internet was for communication and information
gathering.
According to Alshare and Lane (2011) Students should be satisfied when utilizing
the internet as a result of their hands-on experience. Furthermore, the findings of their
research highlight the importance of past student satisfaction experiences. Kuh (2003),
on the other hand, claims that a student's academic level and involvement have a direct
influence on his or her academic growth. It may be argued that how much effort and
participation students have when accessing and utilizing the internet has a direct impact
Norzaidi et al. (n. d.) conducted a study in Malaysia that found that both internet
As a result, it's possible that there's a link between internet usage, technology
other studies who discovered no link between internet usage, technological satisfaction,
and managerial performance, no definitive conclusion can be drawn (Norzaidi &
Salwani, 2009). The internet, according to this study, is a continuous learning inside a
when examining the impact of the learning community on student performance in the
Furthermore, the Internet has become a great source of information for Senior
getting relevant information, high bundle costs, system failure, poor internet speed, and
power fluctuations are some of the obstacles students face in their search for internet
information. Students are given limited hours to access information and various internet
infrastructure in the schools, verifying the effects of students regarding internet use. The
information allows students to grow their thoughts, which leads to academic credibility.
Students, researchers, and faculty members used to rely on library resources as their
primary source of knowledge. Anyone with an Internet connection today may learn
about any subject from anywhere in the world (Ikpeba, 2010). According to Quarshie
and Ami-Narh (2012) on the expansion and use of the Internet in Ghana, 45.6% of
respondents use it regularly for educational purposes, 33.8% frequently for news, and
only 6.4% often for business. Students used the Internet for various forms of
communication and learning, according to the study. They had access to knowledge on
a variety of topics.
its frequency of usage. It refers to the rate or the frequency count on the internet usage
phones, 98 percent used their phones to communicate with family members and
friends, about 75 percent used their smartphones for social networking, and only 24
percent use their smartphones for academic activities. This result suggests that some
students do not use mobile devices to facilitate their studies or for academic purposes.
According to Emmanouilides & Hammond, (2000) the factors that predict internet
usage patterns are explored through the use of consumer panel data. We look at two
major aspects of usage behavior; active (current) versus lapsed usage and usage
frequency among current users. Time since first use of the Internet. Pioneers (very early
adopters) are most likely to be users. However, the relationship is not a linear one;
Location of use. Social use at home, especially with two or more other people. Personal
communication is the most popular activity, but the best predictors of active users are
use of information services. The main predictors of frequent or heavy Internet use (20+
times per month are) Broad applications, e.g., business email followed by personal
email, Time since first internet use. The relationship here is linear; the longer someone
has used the internet, the more likely they are to be a heavy user, Explains how current
active users and very early adopters or people who use internet way back of how
internet was used by the modern time and the day way back however the relationship
that they manage to get is not a linear one because this explains of how internet runs
were recent internet users, while 11% of individuals had never used the internet. Mobile
phones or smartphones were used to access the internet away from home or work by
88% of individuals. It was stated there that most people use the internet everyday. The
internet nowadays has become more important especially for the students, and the
teacher or anyone else internet has become a part of our life these days. In addition,
Internet Usage Frequency has become more and more big. most importantly because
of school ever since the covid 19 happen we’ve spent our time in our own house
because of the pandemic we’re not able to have a face-to-face class so they decided to
have an online virtual class which means that the number 1 thing that we need is the
internet the internet helps us to have our online class internet helps us to access our
provided learning platform which means internet is very important to us. It’s more likely
that the Internet is one of the Important Thing we need now. Moreover, the usage of
internet Frequency these days has totally increased for the past months.
applied uses and gratifications to explain Internet usage. Like Bandura’s social-cognitive
theory, the uses and gratifications framework explain media use in terms of expected
accounted for little variance in Internet behavior, this identifies new variables from
social-cognitive theory that might further explain Internet usage and resolve
addition, Internet usage frequency may lead most people to addiction on the internet
which may have been a cause to most of the peoples Internet behavior.
Was developed for the domain of Internet behavior. Internet addiction was
negative outcomes online were analyzed for their impact on Internet usage. In a survey
of 171 college students, the social-cognitive model explained 60% of the available
over prior uses and gratifications research over the time. Internet Usage may be useful
but Internet Usage has limitations like using it frequently may result in a bad outcome.
the available variance in Internet usage using multiple regression analysis, a significant
improvement over prior uses and gratifications research over the time (Larose, Mastro,
and Eastin, 2001). Central statistics Office, (2019) an estimated 88% of individuals were
recent internet users, while 11% of individuals had never used the internet. Mobile
phones or smartphones were used to access the internet away from home or work by
88% of individuals.
Academic performance
the goals, achievements, and objectives set forth in the program or course that a
student is enrolled in. These are expressed in grades, which are the result of an
Moreover, according to Guzman (n.d.), this study backs up the majority of well-
structured studies' findings that social networking sites have no significant negative
associated with the use of the internet, particularly social networking sites, such as
social media addiction, more time on the internet, talking, cognitive absorption, and so
multiple devices has any effect. When comparing the use of Facebook on mobile
devices to the use of Facebook on other devices, it was discovered that the association
between using Facebook on mobile devices and student grades is very negative. This
negative effect can be explained by the fact that utilizing cell phones for social
networking activities may require multitasking, and not all students are multitasking
experts. Instead of banning social networking sites in schools, the study argues that
Furthermore, According to Talwar et al. (2018), the number of hours spent on the
internet has an impact on students' academic performance unless the internet is utilized
for study purposes. Their findings suggest that using the internet for academic purposes
and academic accomplishment are directly linked, while social life among university
students is inversely proportional. It's also worth noting that students with lower CGPAs
are more likely to be addicted to the internet. Suphasawat et al. (2016) also investigate
whether daily internet usage has an impact on academic performance. This research
demonstrates that when the internet is primarily utilized for entertainment and social
Husin et al (2012), a tiny number of students use Facebook for commercial objectives,
while the majority of Biomedical Science students use Facebook for talking and wall
posting, however the amount of time spent on Facebook has no effect on their CGPA
Private schools outperform public schools due to superior funding, smaller class sizes,
Private schools' greater funding resources and facilities help pupils improve their
scientists, teachers, researchers, and students have been published. The elements that
influence internet usage have also been researched and reported on. In this area, we've
tried to emphasize the findings of previous studies on internet use and its benefits, as
well as the challenges of using the internet and the impact of internet use on academic
performance.
(Sampath Kumar & Manjunath, 2013) in quantitative studies has found that
teachers and research scholars have long relied on the internet to aid their research
and teaching. The internet has had a good impact on their academic achievement,
particularly in terms of writing research papers, which helps them conduct better
research and provides a better learning experience. Chiwepa (2003) and Jagboro
(2004) specified the benefits of internet to academic community as: access and sharing
of knowledge with experienced and expert in any field is quick, worldwide, and
research and other activities and; Ability to use some software and expand one's
capabilities.
Ramirex (2003) carried out a study on the impact of the internet on the reading
revealed that digital reading is becoming more popular, and that a substantial
percentage of surveyed students are increasingly relying on the internet for school-
related activities since it is convenient and quick. Anasi (2006) investigated the pattern
Lagos. She discovered that, despite the fact that internet use was low among
undergraduates from both the law and education faculties, the study revealed that
internet use had a significant impact on students' academic and career-related activities.
In Iran, Seifkashami (2003) reported that the internet was fast growing in
established computer sites to encourage students and professors to utilize the internet.
academic performance on standardized tests. The study looked at the test results and
Massachusetts school districts and discovered that the more often students used
computers to write school papers, the better they performed on the Massachusetts
According to Awoleye, Siyanbola, and Oladapo (2008), the internet is utilized for
that the majority of respondents claim that the internet services in the library have
respondents agreed that accessing the internet helped their academic performance,
whereas 13 percent disagreed and 8% did not respond to the question. The study also
who were not, and that 6% of respondents did not reply to the question. The poll also
result of the internet, 6% agreed that their GPA had been dropping, 28% said it helps
them prepare better for CA and semester exams, and 22% were indifferent about the
In addition, Suhail & Bargees, (2006) conducted a study to investigate the effects
of extensive Internet use on 350 undergraduate students in Pakistan. The study focused
on studying-related problems that were caused by the excessive use of the Internet.
educational problems due to the Internet decreased. The study revealed that only a
does predict students' academic achievement. Furthermore, there is a strong link between
satisfaction among students. The research was based on a previous educational system
model in Malaysia that was then modified to a Higher Education Institute in Wales. It
academic performance. The concept aims to adapt a framework from another educational
system into a Higher Education Institute in Wales, as well as improve the efficacy of internet
what has been learned, hence its connection to classroom activities. Assessment is an
important part of a school's teaching and learning activities, as it helps teachers and
students interact in the classroom. Moreover, it is defined as all actions that teachers
and students engage in in order to obtain data that can be utilized to improve teaching
and learning. This involves observations and analyses of student work by the teacher
issues). All of these are concerned with obtaining a sample of what a student may or
include compliance with the Middle State Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE)
and other respective disciplinary agencies. assessment involves the use of empirical
on College Campuses and stated that assessment is the process of gathering and
discussing information from multiple and diverse sources in order to develop a deep
understanding of what students know and can do with their knowledge as a result of
is to not solely gather and study proof of student mastering but to additionally use the
effects to make informed decisions concerning curriculum, pedagogy, assets and the
students are increasingly relying on the internet for school-related activities since it is
convenient and quick. Although the research' findings differed, the majority of them
concluded that students and even teachers improved on their academic performance as
a result of the internet's convenience and speed. Moreover, the use of the internet is
academic institutions. Academic achievement and use of the internet for academic
purposes are directly linked, whereas social life among university students is inversely
proportional.
or she is enrolled. These are measured in grades, which are the outcome of an
students. Furthermore, the goal isn't just to collect and analyze proof of students’
mastery but to increase subsequent learning, build a comprehensive understanding of
what students know and can accomplish with their knowledge as a result of their
educational experiences.
Chapter 2
METHODS
This chapter will present an overview of the method used by the researchers in
this research study including a discussion of its research design, research subject,
research instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment used in data
analysis.
Research Design
addresses the "what" question. The characteristics used to describe the situation or
population are usually some kinds of categorical scheme also known as descriptive
the significance of the relationship between internet usage and academic performance
of Senior High School students. The descriptive method is mostly utilized to describe
Turner, 2017). Three main purposes of research are to describe, explain, and validate
work entails to determine the significance in the relationship between internet usage
According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2012), a convenience sample is a type of
non-probability sampling method where the sample is taken from a group of people
easy to contact or to reach. Furthermore, Wright (2012) also added that there are no
other criteria to the sampling method except that people be available and willing to
participate. In addition, this type of sampling method does not require that a simple
random sample is generated, since the only criterion is whether the participants agree
to participate.
Research Participants
The respondents of this research; consist of senior high school students in the
University of Mindanao for the school year 2021-2022 located at the Bolton Campus,
Embassy Area. As stated, the participants of the research survey will be senior high
school students, which have a total of 1172 students; with this, the researchers of this
study will select the respondents via a convenience sampling method. Additionally, the
recommended sample size specified by Raosoft is 290 students. For further discussion,
sampling method that collects data from people of the community who are readily
available to take part in the study. (Saunders, Lewis, & Thornhill, 2012). For further
discussion, this sampling method entails recruiting people from any place they can be
found, which is usually wherever they are most convenient and available. As a result,
the participants in this study were selected as proportions of the overall population
depending on their availability. This research intends to examine internet usage and the
academic performance of SHS students. The chosen participants also attend the same
university as the researchers, where they are senior high school students using any
the sample as done via convenience. Thus, the collection of data was conducted with
Research Instrument
The data collection method of this study includes carrying out a questionnaire to
study's research tool, was based on and adapted from the following authors: (Armstrong
et al., 2000) for the internet usage survey questionnaire and (O’Malley and McCraw,
The researchers have made alterations to the authors' questionnaires. The internet
usage survey questionnaire has one (1) segment which is designated for a specific
indicator of the variable; the segment contains exactly eleven (11) questions. Also, the
academic performance survey questionnaire has one (1) segment which is designated
for a specific indicator of the variable; the segment contains exactly seven (7) questions.
On the other hand, the degree of agreement of the respondent with the statements or
questions presented will be calculated by a firmly agreed scale of one (1) to five (5): one
(1) strongly disagree, two (2) disagree, three (3) as neutral, four (4) agree, and five (5)
strongly agree.
on internet usage.
internet usage.
internet usage.
This means that the
unexposed on internet
usage.
In the evaluation of academic performance, the following scales will be used:
increased in their
academic performance.
their academic
performance.
increased in their
academic performance.
their academic
performance.
decreased in their
academic performance.
This research will be accompanied by a process of steps that will act as the
researcher’s guide to the completion of the investigation. The steps involved in the data
writing a letter to the Senior High School Principal so that they will be allowed and be
informed consent before starting each survey; this form will indicate that we have their
consent in filling out this questionnaires and that they would be able to make well
educated decisions for themselves and they allowed to share the data they have, and
as for the researchers they will ensure that this will be understood by the respondents.
the two consent letters the researchers will continue to distribute the survey
questionnaires to the participants, which are the Senior High School Students of the
University of Mindanao through online because of the pandemic that is happening right
now.
Collection and Encoding of Data. After collecting and compiling the survey
questionnaires, the role of the researchers is to organize, present, and analyze the
questionnaire accordingly
Mean. It is calculated by adding the observed values and dividing by the number
of observations that provides the mean number. Data points may be regarded as a
credible indicator of future values even if they fall outside the mean (MacMillan A.,
Preston D., Wolfe J., & Yu S., 2021). As used in this study, this statistical tool was used
to answer the first statement of the problem and determine the average of students who
Standard Deviation. It indicates how closely the entire data gathering matches
the average value (MacMillan et al., 2021). In this study, this tool will use the values
distributed over the data sample and measure data points deviation from the mean on
between the two variables, reflecting the degree of correlation between them. It shows a
positive correlation between -1 and 1, showing that one value increases and the other
decreases (Zhi, X., Yuexin, S., Jin, M., Lujie, Z., & Zijian, D., 2017). In this study, this
tool is to answer the third statement of the problem and to measure the significant
association between internet usage and how it affects senior high school students'
academic performance.