12 SENIORHIGH

DAVAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, INC

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE
HUMAN PERSON
Module 1
DOING PHILOSOPHY

NAME:

GRADE AND SECTION:

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DAVAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, INC

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: ________________________________________________ Module #:_____________

Grade and Section: ______________________________________ Score: _______________

PRETEST:
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer from the statements below. Write
the letter of your answer on the space provided.

______1.It is an activity that requires a person to examine his or her thoughts, feelings and
actions and learn from experience.
A. reflection C. wondering
B. questioning D. reasoning

______2. What is the science and art of correct thinking?

A. Ethics C. Metaphysics
B. Aesthetics D. Logic

______3. The type of philosophical reflection which trains the mind to think logically. It is also
the ability of the mind to construct and evaluate arguments
A. Secondary reflection C. Primary reflection
B. Tertiary reflection D. all of the above

______4. One of the triumvirate Greek philosophers who pioneered a method of argument
called dialectic.
A. Plato C. Pythagoras
B Socrates D. Aristotle

______5. This is the process of thinking about something in a logical way in order to form a
conclusion or judgement.
A. reasoning C. intuition
B. proposition D. reflection

______6. It is a term used to describe a method of philosophical argument that involves some
sort of contradictory process between opposing sides.
A. deductive C. Inductive
B. dialectic D. reflective

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______7. It is the idea that various systems (e.g. physical, biological, social) should be viewed
as whole, not merely as a collection of parts.
A. holism C. existentialism
B. idealism D. rationalism

______8. According to Gabriel Marcel this type of reflection enables us to look deeper into our
experiences and see the bigger picture of reality.
A. Secondary reflection C. Primary reflection
B. Tertiary reflection D. all of the above

______9. The western philosophical tradition originated in______.

A. Greece C. India
B. China D. Egypt

_____10. What is the branch of Philosophy that studies the nature and means of human
knowledge?
A. Metaphysics C. Politics
B. Ethics D. Epistemology

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LESSON 1: WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY
More than 2500 years ago a sage in South Asia named Gautama Buddha declared that
“Life is suffering.” This is the first of his Four Noble Truths. And indeed if you look at your life you
will see that it is a series of challenges that you have to overcome if you want to survive. It feels
like you are competing in a race in which you are required to successfully jump hurdles in order
to win. And each challenge in life is really a question or a bunch of questions that you have to
answer. If you are not feeling well for example you might ask, Why am I feeling this way
(cause)? How can I overcome it (process)? How will it affect my life and the people around me
(consequence)? Philosophy, our subject matter for this course, is really all about questions and
answers. And since by now you already asked and answered hundreds of questions your life
experience already prepared you to take our philosophical journey starting now.

WHAT’S NEW:
Imagine that a vaccine for Covid -19 is already available and therefore the community
quarantine was lifted throughout the Philippines. Freedom at last! You decided to travel the
country. However during one of your travel adventures you come upon an unfamiliar area and
therefore as much as you hate to admit it you have to accept the truth: you are lost. Obviously
the very first question you want to answer is the question Where am I? However to answer this
question another question needs answering: How can I discover it? or How do I know it? Should
you ask a stranger for directions?

Should you consult Google Map? Should you look for clues on road signs and street
names? Answering these questions is important because knowledge is not automatic. There is
a method in knowing something including knowing your present location.

When you answer the first two questions successfully you will discover your location. You
are no longer lost. Still you need to answer one remaining question: What should I do? Should
you walk, take a bus, wait for someone to fetch you? You need to take one of these actions to
arrive successfully at your destination.

You might not realize this but you are already doing philosophy when you are answering
these three questions:
- Where am I?
- How do I know it?
- What should I do?

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 The reason is that these three questions are the primary questions of philosophy. Let us
now turn our attention to philosophy.

WHAT IS IT:
I. The Nature and Functions of Philosophy

DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY

Traditionally philosophy is defined as love of wisdom because it came from two Greek
words philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom). You might find it strange to connect love to
philosophy. You might think of philosophy as a purely intellectual discipline which has nothing to
do with love. You might believe love is romance, poetry, intense passion in which you are willing
to lay down your life. But you will see that philosophy can also be pursued passionately. In fact
some people like Socrates died for truth. It is this centrality of love to philosophy that we call
people who engage in philosophy as philosophers (lovers of wisdom).

ORIGIN OF PHILOSOPHY

Greece is the birthplace of philosophy in the West. To be more precise it is the ancient
Greek city of Miletus in the Western coast of what is now Turkey that gave birth to philosophy. It
is in this city that the first philosopher in the West, Thales, lived. Thales is the Father of
Philosophy in the Western civilization. He lived between 624 and 546 BCE a contemporary of
the Lydian king Croesus and the statesman Solon (Stumpf and Fieser,2008).

What made Thales a philosopher is his desire to know the ultimate stuff that makes up
the different things we perceive. You see when we look at the world we encounter different
things: people, trees, clouds, mountains, rivers, etc. Now Thales believed that despite the
different things we encounter there is one underlying stuff or substance in which everything is
composed. He believes that there is One in the Many. Thales was the first individual who tried to
reduce the multiplicity into a unity (Jones,1969).

But his explanation of natural phenomena is devoid of gods and goddesses of the old
religion of Greece. It is completely rational. It represents a departure from the mythological
religion of Greece. Thales' approach highlights the difference between religion and philosophy.
Religion rests on faith while philosophy rests on reason.

PHILOSOPHICAL ACTIVITY

Thales greatest contribution to philosophy is not his identification of water as the ultimate
stuff of the universe. His greatest contribution is the problem he posed “What is the ultimate
stuff of the universe?” and his approach in solving that problem. Studying Thales makes us
realize that philosophical activity is characterized by three things:

First in terms of scope philosophy involves the widest generalizations (Rand, 1982).
While people concern themselves with shoes and clothes, the latest gossip about their favorite
celebrities, their crushes, philosophers concern themselves with big issues pertaining to the
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truth , the good, the just, the beautiful, and the existence of practically all things. While scientists
concern themselves with scientific knowledge, historians with knowledge of the past,
economists with knowledge of supply and demand, philosophers concern themselves with the
nature of knowledge as such (which embraces all types of knowledge previously mentioned and
more).

Second philosophy is all about fundamentals. A fundamental is the root cause that
explains almost everything in a given context. To understand this, imagine that knowledge is like
a building with levels. Now the higher level depends on the lower levels (Peikoff, 1991). If
somehow the lower level crumbles then all the higher levels that rest upon it will collapse. A
fundamental is like the lower floor that supports everything above it. That kind of support is
exactly what philosophy provides. If somehow philosophical ideas like consciousness and
existence disappear then knowledge of any kind will not make any sense because there will be
nothing to know (existence) and no one to know (consciousness).

Third philosophy is driven by the desire to integrate things into a one coherent whole. As
the celebrated philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel said “The truth is the Whole (Peikoff,
1991).” If you notice Thales wants to reduce the multiplicity of things into a single stuff. He
desires to find the One in the many.

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Since philosophy’s concern is vast, we have to divide it into different branches. Each
branch will focus on a specific area of philosophy. To understand the branches of philosophy let
us return to the three central philosophical questions we explored earlier.

First the question, Where am I? By the time we reach adulthood we believe we know the
answer to this question. In fact we believe that the answer is obvious and that we don’t bother to
look closely at the question itself. Where am I? Well let’s say I’m in Manila. You don’t need
philosophy to answer that one. But if you ask a series of questions (Where is Manila? Where is
the Philippines? etc.) which at first seems childish you eventually end up with the universe. And
here we have to stop asking the where question (Where is the universe is an absurd question.
The universe does not exist in a place). What kind of place is the universe? Is it governed by
laws? If so, what laws? The study of the universe as a whole is the province of metaphysics.
Metaphysics is further subdivided into ontology which studies existence as such and
philosophical anthropology which deals with the fundamental and essential characteristics of
human nature (Gotthelf and Salmieri, 2015).

The second question, How do I know it? concerns the nature of human knowledge and
the way to obtain it. How do we obtain knowledge? Do we obtain knowledge by revelation,
intuition, instinct or reason? Can we achieve certainty or are we doomed to suffer perpetual
doubt? Is knowledge based on the things we perceive or from something else? This is the
concern of epistemology which can be defined as the “branch of philosophy that studies the
nature and means of human knowledge.” We need epistemology to guide us in knowing since
we make mistakes from time to time.

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 The first two branches of philosophy, metaphysics and epistemology, are called cognitive
branches. These branches provide a description of being (existence) and knowing. They are the
foundations of understanding any philosophical system.

The next three branches of philosophy (ethics, politics and aesthetics) can be classified
as the normative branches of philosophy because they are concerned with the standard of the
good. If the cognitive branches are concerned with what “is” the normative branches are
concerned with what “ought” to be.

The most basic normative branch of philosophy is ethics or morality (I used these two
concepts interchangeably). It is concerned with the last of the three questions central to
philosophy: What should I do? Ethics can be regarded as the technology of philosophy (I owe
this analogy to the philosopher Ayn Rand) because it tells us how human beings ought to
function as a human being. But in order to describe how human beings ought to act we must
first know what a human being is. This last is provided by metaphysics and epistemology. (This
is especially true of philosophical anthropology, a sub-branch of metaphysics which studies the
metaphysical nature of man (see discussion above). Metaphysics and epistemology are the
foundations of ethics.

What then is ethics or morality? According to Ayn Rand ethics or morality is a branch of
philosophy that provides a human being with a “code of values to guide man’s choices and
actions - the choices and actions that determine the course of his life (Rand, 1964).” It is
concerned with the values man ought to pursue, the interrelationships of those values and the
means to obtain them (virtue).

The last two normative branches of philosophy, politics and aesthetics, are derived from
ethics. Ethics is concerned with the good for human beings as a human being. If we apply
ethics in a social context then it becomes politics. The concern therefore of ethics is broader
than politics. It studies the “good” for human beings in any setting (whether society is present or
not). An individual who is alone on an island still has to follow ethical principles if he wishes to
survive (Peikoff, 1991).

So what then is politics? Again following Rand’s definition politics is a branch of

philosophy “which defines the principles of a proper social system.” According to Rand “proper”
means proper for human beings which presupposes that one knows what a human being is.
Since knowledge about human beings is provided by the cognitive branches of philosophy, the
foundation of politics ultimately rests on metaphysics and epistemology.

The last of the normative branch, aesthetics studies the nature of art. It is concerned with
nature and the objective judgement of beauty.

II. Philosophical Tools and Processes

Philosophy as a science is also a systematized body of knowledge but unlike other

sciences which employ observation and experimentation to prove their theories, philosophy
uses reason to arrive at a certain knowledge or truth. At the onset Greek philosophers gave us

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a hint on how to use our intellect to understand realities around us. The tools that they
frequently utilized are the following:

1. Philosophical Questions. Philosophy was born because of ignorance. If one is ignorant, he

asks questions and if he keeps on questioning the more knowledge he acquires. Once a person
stops questioning, he ceases to become a philosopher. In our daily struggles, one needs to ask
simple, serious and deep questions that we have to grapple with. A philosopher is like a child
who has an inquisitive mind who never stops asking questions and finding answers.

Socrates went further not just asking questions for himself but posing questions to people
which is the beginning of a series of questions and responses from participants. This
philosophical questioning can be best described from an excerpt from Plato’s apology of
Socrates below:

“…But let us examine each one of the parts of this charge. Now he asserts that I do
injustice by corrupting the young. But I, men of Athens, assert that Meletus does injustice, in
that he jests in a serious matter, easily bringing human beings into trial, pretending to be serious
and concerned about things for which he never cared at all. That this is so, I will try to display to
you as well. Now come here, Meletus, tell; do you not regard it as most important how the youth
will be the best possible?” (Plato’s apology of Socrates, 24C)

His method is called dialectics. The Socratic Method, also known as method of elenchus,
elenctic method, or Socratic debate, is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between
individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw
out ideas and underlying presuppositions. (Google.com/search) Aristotle said that it was the
preSocratic philosopher Zeno of Elea who invented dialectic, of which the dialogues of Plato are
the examples of the Socratic dialectical method. According to Kant, however, the ancient
Greeks used the word "dialectic" to signify the logic of false appearance or semblance.
Dialectics is a term used to describe a method of philosophical argument that involves some
sort of contradictory process between opposing sides. As a dialectical method, it is a discourse
between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to
establish the truth through reasoned arguments.

18th century philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel expounded dialectics which
later influenced Karl Marx, the father of communism.

2. Logical Reasoning. In philosophy reasoning is the process of thinking about something in a

logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgement. It has been the method institutionalized
by the triumvirate Greek philosophers specially Aristotle. Philosophy is about answering
questions. Reasoning is the method we use in doing philosophy. However, although it is
necessary for any competent engagement with philosophy, it is not the end all and be all of
philosophy. All branches of philosophy employ reasoning in explaining their arguments. For
example the concept of right or wrong which is the domain of Ethics based their arguments in
human reason alone in contrast with theology which is dependent from the Bible as the source
of its moral teachings. Reasoning however is the domain of one branch of philosophy which is
Epistemology. One type of logical reasoning is the deductive reasoning:

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Example:
Premise 1: All human beings are mortal
Premise 2: But the President of the Philippines is a human being
Conclusion: Therefore, the President of the Philippines is mortal.

Here we are taught to arrive at a certain truth or knowledge in a logical process. In contrast,
Inductive reasoning begins with a particular universal argument.

Example:
Premise: Student A, B, C, D, E, F….. are wearing School ID.
Conclusion: Therefore, All students are wearing ID

The above examples show the logical process wherein by reasoning one arrives at a certain
truth or knowledge. Logic starts with the origin of ideas, terms, propositions or premises,
syllogism, etc. These terms are the basic structure of argument. Unfortunately, this branch of
philosophy is equivalent to one-subject requirement in any course in the tertiary level.

III. Philosophical Reflection

In the midst of our present crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, consistently, the government
kept on reminding us the ‘essentials’ of things and concerns that are necessary during the
quarantine period whether under ECQ, GCQ, or MECQ. In our case, we changed our
competencies and emphasized the most essential ones. This is the essence of philosophy. It
tries to separate the essences of things versus accidentals and necessary versus contingent. It
is concerned with the substance and ultimate causes of things.

When we venture into philosophizing we see the greater perspective of all things and see
the ultimate purpose or reasons for our existence. Most of us are so engrossed with individual
trees and we miss the whole forest as the saying goes. We are always predisposed to attend to
the details of the problem rather than look at the situation as a whole. This is true in our
understanding of the objects, events, realities and situations around us. Reflection is the
process that would aid in understanding the holistic point of view of what is going on around us.

Reflection is an activity that requires a person to examine his or her thoughts, feelings
and actions and learn from experience. (Abella, 2016). . Philosophers always search for the
essence of things and the ultimate reasons for our existence.

Its trajectory is to see the bigger picture about everything. This process is called
philosophical reflection. According to Gabriel Marcel, philosophical reflection is the act of giving
time to think about the meaning and purpose of life. He mentioned two types, namely: Primary
Reflection- which is the ability to think logically. The ability of the mind to construct and evaluate
arguments. It examines its object by abstraction, by analytically breaking it down into its
constituent parts. It is concerned with definitions, essences and technical solutions to problems.
The second type is Secondary reflection. According to Marcel this type of reflection enables us
to look deeper into our experiences and see the bigger picture of reality. It integrates the
fragmented and compartmentalized experience into a whole. It is the idea that various systems

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(e.g. physical, biological, social) should be viewed as whole, not merely as a collection of parts.
In effect we see the broader perspective of life.

Reflection is not exclusive for philosophy in fact it is employed in any endeavour,

research or disciplines. In research it is called methodological approach. Moral theology
employs the STOP sign as a guidepost of moral decision making. S= Search out the facts. It is
necessary that all means should be exhausted to better understand the issue. T=Think, reflect
and analyse the facts, its negative or positive effects, advantages or disadvantages. O= How it
affects Others. We should always consider others in every decision that we make. Every action
that we take has always a social dimension. It affects ourselves, others and the community
where we belong. Lastly P= stands for Pray. We are human beings with limitations. If our best
efforts are not enough, then there is no way but to look up to the divine or God for
enlightenment and guidance. Praying is a unique tool of theology which is in the realm of faith
but philosophy’s reasoning helps in undergoing a theological reflection as St. Anselm said, “its
faith seeking understanding.” St. Thomas Aquinas, one of the great theologians of the church
quoted in Latin the relationship between philosophy and theology; ‘philosophia ancilla
theologiae’ or philosophy is the handmaid of theology; the former is there to serve theology.
Reason is also important in theology, not just faith. Whether in philosophy, sociology or other
sciences, reflection is very useful in understanding our daily experiences to broaden our
perspective of life.

In order to reflect philosophically we need to use a framework. A framework is a

conceptual map consisting of our views and beliefs which affects the way we view the world
(Abella 2016). The framework we're going to use is called AQAL. It is an acronym that stands
for All Quadrants All Levels first formulated by an American philosopher/psychologist Ken
Wilber. Wilber first introduced AQAL to the world in his book Sex, Ecology, Spirituality.

According to Wilber everything can be analysed using a vertical line.

The line above divides space into two sides: left and right. The left side represents the
interior, subjective, aspect of everything. The right side represents the exterior, objective, aspect
of everything. The interior (or “loob” in Filipino) if applied to human beings, includes one’s
values, dreams, ideas, emotions, beliefs. It basically consists of one’s inner life. It cannot be
seen or measured but can be experienced directly. The exterior side of everything are the things
that we can see, measure and touch. They include the physical objects around us including our
own bodies.

A simple example of this inside/outside distinction is when a person smiles at you. You
see the big smile so it is the exterior aspect of an event. But at the same time there is a
subjective meaning behind that smile: let’s say the person is happy. This is the interior,
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subjective, aspect of the event. So you see two strands are interwoven behind any human
event: the objective and the subjective, the interior and the exterior.

Another basic distinction was introduced by Ken Wilber using a horizontal line that
divides space into above and below:

Above the line represents what is singular, individual, one. The space below represents
what is plural, collective, many. For example you are an individual but you belong in a family,
community, class (all instances of the collective).

An interesting thing happens when we combine the two lines.

We created what Wilber calls the quadrants. According to Wilber quadrants are “the
inside and outside of the individual and collective (Wilber 2006).”

There are many ways to describe the quadrants. We can use the simple location of each
of the quadrants. So the interior of the individual is the upper left quadrant (UL), the exterior of
the individual is the upper right quadrant (UR), the interior of the collective is the lower left
quadrant (LL) and the exterior of the collective is the lower right quadrant (LR).

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 We can also use pronouns to label the quadrants as shown below:

But what we are interested in is when we apply this to human beings. The inside of the
individual becomes the mind, the outside of the individual becomes the body, the inside of the
collective becomes culture and the outside of the collective becomes society.

Now when we reflect on the nature of any concrete issue like poverty, corruption,
prostitution, global warming we can just put the issue at the center of the quadrant and analyzed
its mental, physical, cultural and social components. This is looking at an issue from an all
quadrant, multiple and holistic perspective.

Let’s take for example the issue of poverty. How do we reflect on the issue using the
AQAL framework? Well we know that poverty has a psychological aspect (UL quadrant) to it. It
affects the way we think, feel and even what we value. But it does not stop there. Poverty also
affects bodies (UR quadrant). It affects our nutrition, our medication and immune system. Some
children have stunted growth due to poverty. And who could deny that poverty also affects the
culture such as arts, religion and even the way we dress. Religious festivals such as the
procession of the Black Nazarene are in part motivated by poverty. And of course it is obvious
that poverty has economic, political and even technological components (all parts of the social
LR quadrant).
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___________________________________________________

DAVAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, INC

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: ________________________________________________ Module #: _____________

Grade and Section: _______________________________________ Score: _______________

Activity 1: Inquire and Discover

1. Read the following passages for ten (10) minutes.

a) Quotation from Plato’s Apology (38a): “The unexamined life is not worth living.”

b) Excerpt from Sapagkat ang Pilosopiya ay Ginagawa ni Roque Ferriols, S.J.

“May mga taong gusto raw matutong lumangoy. Nakasuot-panlangoy na sila at sama-sama
silang nakatayo sa tabi ng swimingpul. May notbuk at bolpen ang bawat isa. Nagsalita ang
guro. “Una sa lahat,” aniya, “magsanay ka munang magtampisaw sa tubig, Tapos huwag
huminga pero idilat ang mga mata at magpasailalaim sa tubig. Tapos basta’t dumapa. Huwag
matakot. Lulutang ka. Tapos, matutong gumalaw ng paa, matutong gumalaw ng kamay.
Matutong huminga. At paulit-ulit na pagsikapan at pagtiyagaan ang praksis.” Habang siyaý
nagsasalita, masipag nilang sinusulat ang lahat ng sinabi niya. “At ngayon,” patuloy niya, “eto
ang swimingpul. Oras nang magsimula. Lundagin mo beybe!” Walang lumundag, pero sulat
nang sulat pa rin sila. “Hoy, sa tubig na kayo! Walang kabuluhan ang sulat-sulat niyo kung hindi
ninyo ginagawa.” Wala pa rin lumulundag. Sulat pa rin sila nang sulat.”

2. Did you enjoy reading the quotations? If so, you might consider answering the following
questions:

a. What does Plato mean when he says “unexamined life”?

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b. Based on the Ferriols’ text, what do you think the students are thinking when they are
diligently copying the instructions given by the teacher instead of diving into the pool?
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c. Why is the teacher so keen on making the learners jump in the swimming pool instead of just
taking down notes on how to swim?
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3. Write the following terms on your paper:

a) day-to-day life,
b) reflection, and
c) application

4. In reference to question #3, do the following:

a. Define what each term refers to.
b. Share a belief narrative where they encountered the three moments in their own life.
c. Give insights as to the importance of reflection and application in one’s day-to-day life.
(Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper, attach it in this page upon submission)

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DAVAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, INC

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: ________________________________________________ Module #: _____________

Grade and Section: _______________________________________ Score: _______________

Activity 2: IMPORTANT POINTS TO PONDER

Direction: Complete the statements below:

I learned that Philosophy is

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I feel that Philosophy is important because

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I commit to apply Philosophy in

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___________________________________________________

DAVAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, INC

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: ________________________________________________ Module #: _____________

Grade and Section: _______________________________________ Score: _______________

Activity 3
Direction: Do a quadratic analysis on COVID-19 pandemic using the diagram below:

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___________________________________________________

DAVAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, INC

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: ________________________________________________ Module #: _____________

Grade and Section: _______________________________________ Score: _______________

Activity 4
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer from the statements below. Write
your answers on the sheet of paper.

_____1.It is an activity that requires a person to examine his or her thoughts, feelings and
actions and learn from experience.
A. reflection C. wondering
B. questioning D. reasoning

______2.What is the science and art of correct thinking?

A. Ethics C. Metaphysics
B. Aesthetics D. Logic

______3. The type of philosophical reflection which trains the mind to think logically. Also it is
the ability of the mind to construct and evaluate arguments.
A. Secondary reflection C. Primary reflection
B. Tertiary reflection D. all of the above

______4. One of the triumvirate Greek philosophers who pioneered a method of argument
called dialectic.
A. Plato C. Pythagoras
B. Socrates D. Aristotle

______5. It is considered as the process of thinking about something in a logical way in order to
form a conclusion or judgement.
A. reasoning C. argument
B. Proposition D. Reflection

_____6. In our daily lives we encounter events, situations or issues that we need to ponder and
think deeply. This activity which requires a person to examine his or her thoughts, feelings and
actions and learn from experience is related to the concept of:
A. philosophical reflection C. philosophical wondering
B. philosophical questioning D. philosophical reasoning

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_____7. Imagine that you are in Boracay walking with Thales. He is convincing you that the only
reality is water. Would you believe in him?
A. No, because I had my own belief.
B. Yes, because Thales belongs to the school of monists which believes that only one kind of
stuff exists.
C. Either yes or no, I will have my own investigation that is based on the data and reason
presented.
D. Neither yes nor no until it is proven true.

______8. According to Gabriel Marcel this type of reflection enables us to look deeper into our
experiences and see the bigger picture of reality.
A. Secondary reflection C. Primary reflection
B. Tertiary reflection D. all of the above

_____9. Identify which statement describes the difference between holism and partial thinking.
A. Holism is a perspective that looks at the “big picture” while partial thinking focuses on the
specific aspect of the situation.
B. Holism is a perspective that looks at the specific aspects of the situation while partial thinking
looks at the big picture.
C. Holism requires us to focus on a certain aspect of the problem while partial thinking requires
us to have an open mindset.
D. All of the above

_____10. According to the importance of studying philosophy, what can it offer us?
A. Know the different philosophers and their philosophies in life?
B. See the downs and lows in the development and history of philosophy.
C. Survey the achievements of the different philosophers in various periods of history.
D. Enhances our minds, understands what we encounter every day, and values our judgement.

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON | PAGE 18

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DAVAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, INC

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: ________________________________________________ Module #: _____________

Grade and Section: _______________________________________ Score: _______________

Activity 5
Direction: Choose a topic below and formulate up to 9 questions. Classify these questions using
the table below:

a. “Covid-19 pandemic”
b. “New Normal” culture

Simple/Silly Questions: Serious Questions: Deep Questions:

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON | PAGE 19