UNDERSTANDING

CULTURE, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS

QUARTER 1 | LESSON 2
CULTURE AND SOCIETY AS
ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND
SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

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 WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
Culture and society are two complex ideas that are highly relevant in this subject.
These are two words of the subject title. These terms influence each other and
continuously change together. Without society, there would be no culture. Without
culture, there would be no formation of societies.

Both culture and society contribute to who we are at the moment. These are also
the key terms that make the phenomenon and other circumstances logical and worth
explaining. These concepts are multi-faceted and are highly important in the entire
subject.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
• Describe society and culture as a complex whole.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
• Define culture and society
• Appreciate the importance of culture and society
• Present the characteristics of culture, society and politics

WHAT DO I KNOW?
Let us see how well do you know about the topic.
Begin by answering the Pre-Test on the next page..
Use your notebook in writing your answers.

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Select the letter of the best answer. Write the answer on your notebook.

1. It is the study of people throughout the world, their evolutionary history, how they
behave, adapt to different environments, communicate, and socialize with one
another.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Society D. Sociology
2. The study of human institutions and their relationship.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Society D. Sociology
3. Society is a community or group of individuals joined together because of
sustained bond and interaction. This statement falls under what perspective?
A. Anthropology B. Sociology C. Both A & B D. None of these
4. A culture is a way of life of a group of individuals. Its subjects include symbols,
language, values and norms. What perspective this statement falls?
A. Anthropology B. Social Science C. Sociology D. All of the above
5. Edward B. Taylor defined ____ as “that complex whole which includes
knowledge, art, belief, law, morals, custom and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by a man as member of ____.
A. culture; group B. culture; nation C. culture; society D. society; culture
6. It refers to the perception of accepted reality.
A. Belief B. Knowledge C. Reality D. Social Norm
7. These are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to
act depending on the requirements of the time, place or situation.
A. Belief B. Knowledge C. Reality D. Social Norm
8. This is the set of ethical standards and moral obligations as dictates of reason
that distinguishes human acts as right or wrong or good from bad.
A. Folkways B. Mores C. Technology D. Values
9. This refers to practical application of knowledge converting raw materials to
finished products.
A. Folkways B. Mores C. Technology D. Values
10. This approach finds to relate a structure's social functions or the consequences of
any social pattern for the mobility of society as a whole.
A. Cultural variation C. Structural-functional
B. Social-conflict D. Symbolic-interaction
11. This refers to the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
A. Manifest B. Latent C. Social dysfunction D. None of the above
12. 12. It refers to any social pattern that may disrupt the operations of society.
A. Manifest B. Latent C. Social dysfunction D. None of the above
13. 13. The idea that one's own culture is above or superior to all other cultures.
A. Cultural Relativism C. Cultural Relativism
B. Ethnocentrism D. Cultural Variation
14. It refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit
around the world.
A. Cultural Relativism B. Ethnocentrism C. Relativism D. Cultural Variation
15. This refers to the patterns of repetitive behavior that are habitual and
conventional part of living.
A. Folkways B. Mores C. Technology D. Values

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 LESSON CULTURE AND SOCIETY AS
ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND
2 SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

WHAT’S IN?
The subject is about culture, society, and politics. It presents the connection of the
key terms namely culture, society, and politics. In the previous module, the nature of
social sciences and the way these topics can be related to the individuals and learners.
All the aforementioned terms, the society, and individuals are all connected and
interdependent. These give significance and meaning to each other.

Ask your parents

(grandparents if possible) about
the popular songs, dances and
courtship during their teenage
years. Find out how different
they are from yours and how
WHAT’S NEW? much they change. Write your
answer on your notebook.

WHAT IS IT?
Culture
Culture shows an adjustment and adaptation to the various conditions of life,
including their physical, social and supernatural environment. It is a complex whole
which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and any other capabilities
and habits acquired by man as a member of a society. It is a foundation of man’s endless
transaction and continuing interaction with his environment.

Types of culture include material types like technological tools, architectural

structures, fashion and accessories, food and nonmaterial ones like ideas, language
and symbols, religion, behavior, gesture and habits.

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Functions of Culture according to Mark Banaag
1. Culture allows man to adjust and adapt as to be integrated with his environment
through his creativity and resourcefulness to survive.
2. Culture maintains its patterns of etiquette, protocols, manners, right conduct, and
norms considered as acceptable social behavior as established by the laws,
mores, as well as folkways.
3. Culture sends its meanings through verbal and nonverbal communication, written
and non-written language, symbolisms and various forms of expressions.
4. Culture creates man-made things such as clothing, tools, instruments, machines,
equipment, structures, etc. made possible by technological know-how.
5. Culture paves way to overall human satisfaction as ways to make life more
enjoyable, more comfortable, easier, and more rewarding such as recreational
activities, leisure, entertainment and arts, etc. are made.

Elements of Culture
1. Knowledge refers to any information received and perceived to be true.
2. Beliefs – the perception of accepted reality
3. Reality refers to the existence of things whether material or nonmaterial
4. Social Norms – these are established expectations of society as to how a person
is supposed to act depending on the requirements of the time, place or situation.

Different Forms of Social Norms

1. Folkways – the patterns of repetitive behavior that are habitual and conventional
part of living.
2. Mores – the set of ethical standards and moral obligations as dictates of reason
that distinguishes human acts as right or wrong or good from bad.
3. Values – anything held to be relatively worthy, important, desirable, or valuable.
4. Technology – practical application of knowledge converting raw materials to
finished products.

Society
Society refers to the continuous interaction among individuals
formed the society. A product of human social processes intended to
meet basic needs for survival is considered Society.

Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism

• Cultural variation refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures
exhibit around the world.
• Ethnocentrism – The idea that one's own culture is above or superior to all other
cultures. It is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s
own culture.
• Cultural relativism – the attempt to recognize that each culture is naturally
different from others. The principle that an individual person’s beliefs and activities
should be understood by others in terms of individual’s own culture.

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Sociological Approaches to the study of society
1. Structural - functional Approach - to promote solidarity and stability, society as a
complex system whose all parts should work together. This approach finds to
relate a structure's social functions or the consequences of any social pattern for
the mobility of society as a whole.
a. Manifest functions – recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
b. Latent function – unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern
c. Social dysfunction – any social pattern that may disrupt the operations of society
2. Social-conflict approach – the society is an arena of inequality that generates
conflict and change. Individuals and groups within the society tends to settle their
differences through conflict rather than coming up on a consensus to promote
change.
3. Symbolic-interaction approach – sees the society as the product of the everyday
interaction of individuals using symbols such as language and actions.

The Concept of Society as an Objective Reality

Society – came from the Latin word societas meaning comrade, friend, or ally -
used to describe a bond or interaction between parties that are friendly or at least civil.
Human beings are zoon politikon or political animals, according to Aristotle, that is
humans are creatures whose nature is for them to live in a society or group. The term
society is used to describe a level of organization of groups that is relatively self-
contained (John Holmwood, 2006).

Rationale of Studying Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology

Anthropology is the branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of
man, his works, his body, his behavior and values, in time and space.
Political Science – is a systematic study of a state and its government, with the
relationship of men in the community, with relations of men and groups to the state itself,
and with the relations of a state with other sovereign states abroad.
Sociology – is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behavior. It analyzes
human interaction essential in understanding man’s cultural makeup.

WHAT’S MORE?
Culture and society are interdependent and intertwined. Without the
other one, the other will not exist. Culture binds the society together.
Without society, culture will not exist.
People have varied culture and this calls for respect and
understanding to avoid discrimination and prejudice. Upon grasping the
concepts in this module, the learners will get to understand why people
are different. This will lead to a better way of seeing things.

In what way can we show respect to people with other culture?

Answer this in 100 words on your notebook.

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 GUIDED ACTIVITY 1
Complete the circle web based on the lecture given. Write the related terms
about culture and society on the circles. Choose from the given terms below.

significance
Culture of studying
society

arts beliefs customs knowledge laws

avenue for economic interdependence representation of our identity
characterize the totality of a territory symbol of political independence

GUIDED ASSESSMENT 1
Draw a smile if the statements are correct
and a sad face if they are wrong.

1. Culture just like every person which comprise society is susceptible to change or
even death.
2. The society is not constant. Its members change from time to time.
As a result culture change along.
3. Society and culture are independent from each other.
One can exist without the other.
4. People evolve over time as a result of their exposure to renewed or changed laws,
values and standards of society.
5. It can be said that culture is a result of society and these two are interdependent
on each other.

GUIDED ACTIVITY 2
What cultural traditions that are related to the terms you wrote on the
semantic map do your family or community practice which you consider as a
part of your identity? List them down on the table.
Term Cultural practice
Mores We should always kiss the hands of our elders when we see
them.

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 GUIDED ASSESSMENT 2
Based on the discussion, fill out the chart with terms related to society.
Use your activity notebook. Provide a sentence-long explanation.

1.
Society 2.
3.
4.

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 1
Use this table to explain sociology to someone who knows nothing about it.

Based on the responses of your parents, complete the T chart to present the
difference of the youth of the past from the youth of the present. Write your
responses on your activity notebook.
Youth of the Past Youth of the Present
Example: conversations and usual gadgets are used as past-time and
form of entertainment like storytelling are already a necessity more than
and riddles were used. entertainment

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 2
Based on the type of cultures, find or take five (5) pictures and paste them
on your activity notebook that will show material and immaterial culture.
Base your photos on your ethnicity (Tagalog, Kapampangan, Bisaya, Ilokano,
Pangasinense, Waray, Bikolano, etc).

Ethnic Group
Material Culture Immaterial culture

INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 2
In 100-200 words, describe your thoughts and feelings towards
a specific nationality. State your reasons for such.
Compare their culture with the Philippine culture.

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 WHAT HAVE I LEARNED?
Using a selfie or a groupie, show what you have learned about culture and society.
Provide a 100-word explanation below. Put it on your notebook.

WHAT CAN I DO?

How can this be protected and promoted? Enumerate ways on how you can
preserve your ethnicity’s culture. Draw a poster with title answering the question.

Choose the correct letter

of your answer from
the given choices.

1.This refers to the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
A. Manifest B. Latent C. Social dysfunction D. None of the above
2. The study of human institutions and their relationship.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Society D. Sociology
3. The idea that one's own culture is above or superior to all other cultures.
A. Cultural Relativism B. Ethnocentrism C. Relativism D. Cultural Variation
4. It refers to the perception of accepted reality.
A. Belief B. Knowledge C. Reality D. Social Norm
5. Edward Taylor defined ____ as “that complex whole which includes knowledge, art, belief,
law, morals, custom & any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of ____.
A. culture; group B. culture; nation C. culture; society D. society; culture
6. A culture is a way of life of a group of individuals. Its subjects include symbols, language,
values and norms. What perspective this statement falls?
A. Anthropology B. Social Science C. Sociology D. All of the above
7. These are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to act
depending on the requirements of the time, place or situation.
A. Belief B. Knowledge C. Reality D. Social Norm
8. This is the set of ethical standards and moral obligations as dictates of reason that
distinguishes human acts as right or wrong or good from bad.
A. Folkways B. Mores C. Technology D. Values
9. refers to practical application of knowledge converting raw materials to finished products.
A. Folkways B. Mores C. Technology D. Values
10. This approach finds to relate a structure's social functions or the consequences of any
social pattern for the mobility of society as a whole.
A. Cultural variation B. Social-conflict
C. Structural - functional D. Symbolic-interaction
11. It is the study of people throughout the world, their evolutionary history, how they behave,
adapt to different environments, communicate, and socialize with one another.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Society D. Sociology
12. It refers to any social pattern that may disrupt the operations of society.
A. Manifest B. Latent C. Social dysfunction D. None of the above
13. Society is a community or group of individuals joined together because of sustained bond
and interaction. This statement falls under what perspective?
A. Anthropology B. Sociology C. Both A & B D. None of the Above
14. refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around the world.
A. Cultural Relativism B. Ethnocentrism C. Relativism D. Cultural Variation
15. refers to patterns of repetitive behavior that are habitual and conventional part of living.
A. Folkways B. Mores C. Technology D. Values

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Balena, Ederlina, Dolores Lucero, and Arnel Peralta. 2016. Understanding
Culture, Society, And Politics For Senior High School. Quezon City:
Educational Resources Corporation.
Contreras, Antonio, Arleigh Ross Dela Cruz, Dennis Erasga, and Cecile
Fadrigon. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, And Politics. Quezon
City: Phoenix Publishing House.
Lanuza, Gerry, and Sarah Jane Raymundo. 2016. Understanding Culture,
Society, And Politics. Quezon City: Rex Publishing House.

ANSWER KEY
16. 17.
16.
15.A 15. A
14.D 14. D
13.C 13.B
12.C 12.C
11.A 11.A
10.C 10.C
9. C 9. C
8. D 8. D
7. D 7. D
6. A 6. A
5. C :) 5. C
4. A :) 4. A
3. B :( 3. B
2. C :) 2. C
1. A :) 1. A
Assessment Guided Assessment 2 What I Know

knowledge representation of
our identity

Laws beliefs
avenue for significance
characterize the
economic of studying
Culture interdependence
society
totality of a
territory

Customs arts symbol of political

independence

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