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Ache and Bche
Ache and Bche
Received 12 February 2003; received in revised form 23 October 2003; accepted 21 November 2003
Abstract
The chloroform:medianol (1:1) extracts of a number of the plant species belonging to eight families, namely Corydalis solida (L.) Swartz
subsp. solida and Glaucium corniculatum (L.) J. H. Rudolph (Papaveraceae), Rhododendron ponticum L. subsp. ponticum and Rhododendron
luteum Sweet. (Ericaceae), Buxus sempervirens L. (Buxaceae), Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae), Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Caeselpiniaceae), Tribulus
terrestris L. and Zygophyllum fabago L. (Zygophyllaceae), Lycopodium clavatum L. (Lycopodiaceae), Fumaria vaillantii Lois., Fumaria
capreolata L., Fumaria kralikii Jordan, Fumaria asepala Boiss., Fumaria densiflora DC., Fumaria flabellata L., Fumaria petteri Reichb.
subsp. thuretii (Boiss.) Pugsley, Fumaria macrocarpa Boiss. ex Hausskn., Fumaria cilicica Hauskkn., Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Fumaria
judaica Boiss. (Fumariaceae) were screened for their anticholinesterase activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase
(BChE) enzymes by in vitro Ellman method at 10 g/ml and 1 mg/ml concentrations. The extracts did not show any noticeable inhibitory
activity against both of the enzymes at 10 g/ml. The extracts of Rhododendron ponticum subsp. ponticum, Rhododendron luteum, Corydalis
solida subsp. solida, Glaucium corniculatum, and Buxus sempervirens showed remarkable inhibitory activity above 50% inhibition rate on
AChE at 1 mg/ml. Among them, Rhododendron ponticum subsp. ponticum, Corydalis solida subsp. solida and Buxus sempervirens were the
most active extracts against BChE having 95.46±1.03%, 93.08±0.97%, and 93.45±0.88% inhibition rates, respectively. Among the extracts
screened, all of the Fumaria extracts displayed highly potent inhibition against both of the enzymes at 1 mg/ml concentration compared to
the standard.
© 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
0378-8741/$ – see front matter © 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jep.2003.11.016
58 I. Orhan et al. / Journal of Ethnopharmacology 91 (2004) 57–60
Table 2
Anticholinesterase activity of the plant extracts against AChE and BChE
Plant species Inhibition (%)
AChE (10 g/ml) BChE (10 g/ml) AChE (1 mg/ml) BChE (1 mg/ml)
Corydalis solida subsp. solida 8.05 ± 0.98 29.08 ± 0.88∗∗∗ 87.56 ± 1.24∗∗∗ 93.18 ± 0.89∗∗∗
Glaucium corniculatum 9.34 ± 0.88 0 86.55 ± 0.67∗∗∗ 81.45 ± 0.74∗
Rhododendron ponticum subsp. ponticum 8.76 ± 0.65 5.06 ± 1.64 93.03 ± 1.12∗∗∗ 95.23 ± l.28∗∗∗
Rhododendron luteum 1.87 ± 0.32 6.012 ± 0.15 76.32 ± 0.58∗∗∗ 69.14 ± 1.89∗∗
Buxus sempervirens 4.09 ± 0.66 22.36 ± 0.98∗∗∗ 61.76 ± 0.76∗∗∗ 93.64 ± 0.87∗∗∗
Vicia faba 1.03 ± 0.56 0 45.23 ± 1.03∗∗∗ 55.85 ± 0.48
Robinia pseudoacacia 0 6.67 ± 1.15 26.32 ± 0.82 31.47 ± 0.99
Tribulus terrestris 0 17.06 ± 0.55∗∗∗ 37.89 ± 0.77 78.32 ± 1.27∗∗
Zygophyllum fabago 0 6.08 ± 0.87∗∗ 13.25 ± 0.45 78.37 ± 0.95∗∗
Lycopodium clavatum 1.56 ± 0.67 11.78 ± 0.31∗∗∗ 49.85 ± 1.33∗∗∗ 71.05 ± 0.25∗∗
Fumaria vaillantii 12.00 ± 1.07∗∗ 6.43 ± 0.77 94.23 ± 0.47∗∗∗ 99.32 ± 0.25∗∗∗
Fumaria capreolata 33.99 ± 0.68∗∗∗ 13.44 ± 0.32∗∗∗ 96.89 ± 0.17∗∗∗ 89.24 ± 0.83∗∗∗
Fumaria kralikii 5.09 ± 0.99∗∗ 0 84.98 ± 1.07∗∗∗ 75.43 ± 0.98∗∗∗
Fumaria asepala 9.76 ± 0.89∗∗ 14.65 ± 1.61∗∗∗ 91.99 ± 0.70∗∗∗ 93.12 ± 0.28∗∗∗
Fumaria densiflora 17.43 ± 0.73∗∗∗ 0 93.42 ± 0.92∗∗∗ 85.66 ± 1.24∗∗∗
Fumaria flabellata 23.05 ± 0.11∗∗∗ 2.51 ± 0.40 92.14 ± 1.01∗∗∗ 87.91 ± 0.61∗∗∗
Fumaria petteri subsp. thuretii 15.33 ± 0.67∗∗∗ 4.00 ± 0.97 89.45 ± 0.86∗∗∗ 87.32 ± 0.76∗∗∗
Fumaria macrocarpa 25.02 ± 0.35∗∗∗ 16.62 ± 0.43∗∗∗ 93.43 ± 0.64∗∗∗ 88.74 ± 0.34∗∗∗
Fumaria cilicica 13.09 ± 0.13∗∗ 2.01 ± 0.55 88.03 ± 0.65∗∗∗ 80.03 ± 0.28∗∗∗
Fumaria parviflora 14.05 ± 0.78∗∗ 10.76 ± 0.33∗ 87.02 ± 0.31∗∗∗ 87.09 ± 1.45∗∗∗
Fumaria judaica 54.44 ± 0.56∗∗∗ 3.00 ± 0.12 96.47 ± 0.63∗∗∗ 98.43 ± 0.39∗∗∗
Standard
Galanthamine 5.08 ± 0.34 11.23 ± 0.87 48.80 ± 0.31 80.31 ± 1.14
Values were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6).
P > 0.05.
∗ P < 0.05.
∗∗ p < 0.01.
∗∗∗ P < 0.001.
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