Nature / - Disaster

1.
NATURE / -DISASTER-
Target Words
anticipate flood catastrophic impact collide

persevere eruption plunge famine unleash
I. Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column.
1. persevere (a) to pass by without hitting

2. anticipate (b) to give up
3. famine (c) to not see something coming
4. collide (d) harmless
5. catastrophic (e) excess of food
II Circle the word that best completes each sentence.
1.Residents of Hawaii must accept the possibility of a volcanic (eruption /perseverance).

2. Years after the accident, she was finally able to (anticipate / unleash) her feelings of anger.
3. Houses along the river often face (famine / flooding) during the rainy season.
4. Many people think it is cruel to (collide / plunge) live lobsters into boiling water.
5. A well-written essay should make some kind of (catastrophe / impact) on its readers.
III. Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow.
Nature challenges humans in many ways, through disease, weather, and famine. For those living along the coast, one
unusual phenomenon capable of catastrophic destruction is the tsunami. A tsunami is a series of waves generated in a
body of water by an impulsive disturbance. Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, explosions, and even the impact
of meteorites can generate tsunamis. Starting at sea, a tsunami slowly approaches land, growing in height and losing
energy through bottom friction and turbulence. Still, just like any other water waves, tsunamis unleash tremendous
energy as they plunge onto the shore. They have great erosion potential, stripping beaches of sand, undermining trees,
and flooding hundreds of meters inland. They can easily crush cars, homes, vegetation, and anything they collide with.
To minimize the devastation of a tsunami, scientists are constantly trying to anticipate them more accurately and more
quickly. Because many factors come together to produce a life-threatening tsunami, foreseeing them is not easy.
Despite this, researchers in meteorology persevere in studying and predicting tsunami behaviour.
1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage?
a. Tsunamis could become a new source of usable energy in the next hundred years.
b. Tsunamis do more damage to the land than flooding.
c. Tsunamis can have an especially catastrophic impact on coastal communities.
d. Scientists can predict and track tsunamis with a fair degree of accuracy, reducing their potential impact.
2. In the first sentence, why does the author mention weather?
a. because tsunamis are caused by bad weather

b. because tsunamis are more destructive than weather phenomena
c. as an example of a destructive natural force
d. as an introduction to the topic of coastal storms
2. SCIENCE -ANCIENT LIFE-
accuracy adjacent feasibly retain integrally
compress structure gut seep overlap
I. Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word from the list. Change the form of the
word if necessary. Use each word only once.
do
accuracy adjacent feasibly integrally structure
1. She had no idea how they could __________ take a big vacation and remodel their house in the same year.
2. Daily meditation is used __________ with medication and massage as part of the recovery plan.
3. The rival politicians were raised in __________ counties.
4. If you build a __________ next to this river, you must be sure it is safe against floods.
5. Once he ran for public office, he understood the importance of checking public statements for __________.
II Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column.
1. seep (a) fill

2. gut (b) separate
3. retain (c) stay contained
4. compress (d) loosen
5. overlap (e) throw away
III. Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow.
Organic products from ancient life are an integral part of the Earth’s resources, offering scientists a more accurate picture of
ancient life-forms. One key to ancient life comes in the form of petrified matter. Petrifaction is a process that slowly turns the
remains of a living object into stone. In this process, minerals seep into a mass of organic matter. After the organic matter has
been replaced, a mineral version of the living object is left. Petrifaction often occurs in trees that are found adjacent to rivers,
floodable areas, and volcanoes, which provide the mud or ash that initially covers the organic matter. Some pieces of petrified
wood retain the original cellular structure of the wood and the grain can be easily seen. Today, it is feasible to petrify wood in
a simple laboratory process. Fossils are another way that ancient life is preserved. Most fossils include an animal’s hard parts,
such as teeth and bones. One type of fossil, called a trace fossil, may also include eggs, tooth marks, contents of the guts, and
fossil excrement. Some products from ancient life offer us more than scientific knowledge. One such product is coal, a solid
fuel of plant origin. It develops over millions of years, during which swamp vegetation is submerged in water, depleted of
oxygen, and covered by layers and layers of sand and mud. These overlapping layers settle with the Earth’s movements and
are compressed over time.
1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage?
a. Preserved life-forms, including petrified matter and fossils, teach us about ancient life.
b. The primary function for preserved life-forms is scientific discovery.
c. Scientists try to replicate natural processes that preserve ancient life-forms.
d. Ancient organic matter provides the most concentrated forms of energy known to humans.
2. In the passage, the words submerged in are closest in meaning to
a. made wet b. completely covered

c. adjacent to d. depleted of

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1.

anticipate flood catastrophic impact collide

1. persevere (a) to pass by without hitting

II Circle the word that best completes each sentence.

1.Residents of Hawaii must accept the possibility of a volcanic (eruption /perseverance).

1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage?

2. In the first sentence, why does the author mention weather?

a. because tsunamis are caused by bad weather

1. seep (a) fill

1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage?

2. In the passage, the words submerged in are closest in meaning to

a. made wet b. completely covered

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