Post-War Upsurge: Barindra Kumar Ghosh Popularly, Barin Ghosh (5

For mid sem
Topics covered
what is the Indian state? definition, discourse on state, position of the

judiciary,
Historica background: causes of national movemen, nature of National

movement Early Nationalist Activities Indians Realise Colonial
Discrimination--Demand for Increase in Indian Representation, Extremist vs
moderate, Ghadar and the Home Rule Movement, Coming of Gandhi and the
Non-Cooperation Movement, Gandhi and Peasantry, Protest against the Rowlett
Act, Non-Cooperation Movement, Rise of the Peasantry, Working Classes and
the Left, Gandhi-Ambedkar Debate, Growthpf Communalion
Civil Disobedience Movement and its Aftermath
The Simon Commission
Civil Disobedience Movement
The War and the Quit India Movement
Post-War Upsurge
Consequences of Colonialism, Nature and Impact: The First Phase-Peasantry
and its Impoverishment, De-industrialisation, emergence of intelligentia, new
middle class, elite section
-Imperialism and Industrialisation
Nature of the Indian state
Perspectives determining the nature of state: liberal, Marxist , approaches ,

analysis of first two decades, 1970….
Short notes: 2 markers

1. Khudiram bose: youngest revolutionary of Indian freedom struggle.
Anushilan Samiti, a Bengali organisation that was active in the first
quarter of the 20th century, propounding revolutionary violence as a
means to driving the British out of India. Prafulla and Khudiram attacked
Kingsford’s carriage when it was leaving the club. As the horse carriage
approached, Khudiram hurled a bomb at it.
2. Barindra Ghosh: Barindra Kumar Ghosh popularly, Barin Ghosh (5
January 1880 – 18 April 1959) was an Indian revolutionary and
journalist. He was one of the founding members of Jugantar, a
revolutionary outfit in Bengal. Barindra Ghosh was a younger brother
of Sri Aurobindo.
3. Rasbehari Bose: Rash Behari Bose was one of the unsung heroes of the
Indian freedom struggle. He was a revolutionary leader of outstanding
class. He was a great organizer, a master of disguise,the organizer of the
Indian National Arm
4. Sachin Sanyal: Sachindra Nath Sanyal was an Indian revolutionary and a
founder of the Hindustan Republican Association that was created to
carry out armed resistance against the British Empire in India. He was a
mentor for revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh.
Class note
Anushilan Samiti, Ghadar Party, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
5. Ajit singh :
Sardar Ajit Singh was a revolutionary, an Indian dissident, and a nationalist

during the time of British rule in India. With compatriots, he organised
agitation by Punjabi peasants against anti-farmer laws known as the Punjab
Colonisation Act 1906 and administrative orders increasing water rate
charges.
Born: 2 February 1881, Khatkar Kalan
Died: 15 August 1947, Dalhousie
Dadabhai naoroji: Dadabhai Naoroji, (born Sept. 4, 1825, Bombay [now

Mumbai], India—died June 30, 1917, Bombay), Indian nationalist and critic
of British economic policy in India.
Educated at Elphinstone College, Bombay (now Mumbai), he was
professor of mathematics and natural philosophy there before turning to
politics and a career in commerce that took him to England, where he spent
much of his life.
He stood unsuccessfully for election to Parliament in 1886. In 1892,
however, he was elected Liberal member of Parliament for Central
Finsbury, London. He became widely known for his unfavourable opinion of
the economic consequences of British rule in India and was appointed a
member of the royal commission on Indian expenditure in 1895. In 1886,
1893, and 1906 he also presided over the annual sessions of the Indian
National Congress, which led the nationalist movement in India. In the
session of 1906 his conciliatory tactics helped to postpone the impending
split between moderates and extremists in the Congress Party. In his many
writings and speeches and especially in Poverty and Un-British Rule in
India (1901), Naoroji argued that India was too highly taxed and that its
wealth was being drained away to England.
M. Krishna Rao: Indian freedom fighter, editor, scholar

and literary critic.[2][4] He was the editor of Krishna Patrika,
a nationalist publication from 1907 to 1945.[5] He is
considered to be the doyen of Telugu journalism.
Madanlal Dhingra: was an Indian revolutionary.
Madan Lal Dhingra was the sixth of seven children of a civil surgeon. All six sons studied abroad.
In June 1906, Dhingra left Amritsar for Britain. He enrolled in University College, London, to study
engineering.
Dhingra arrived in London a year after the foundation of Shyamaji Krishnavarma's India House.
This organization in Highgate was a meeting place for Indian radicals. They had weekly meetings,
which Dhingra would often attend. V. D. Savarkar became manager of India House and inspired
Dhingra's admiration in the cult of assassination. However, Dhingra became aloof from India
House and was known to undertake shooting practice at a range on Tottenham Court Road. On 1
July 1909, he attended an 'At Home' hosted by the National Indian Association at the Imperial
Institute. At the end of the event, as the guests were leaving, Dhingra shot Sir Curzon-Wyllie, an
India Office official, at close range. His bullets also hit Dr Lalcaca, a Parsee doctor, who was killed
Dhingra was immediately arrested. At his trial, Dhingra represented himself, although he did not
recognize the legitimacy of the court. He claimed that he had murdered Curzon-Wyllie as a
patriotic act and in revenge for the inhumane killings of Indians by the British Government in
India. He was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was executed at Pentonville Prison on 17
August 1909.
Damodar Savarkar: Veer Savarkar was a great revolutionary in the history of

India’s struggle of independence. He was a great orator, scholar, prolific writer,
historian, poet, philosopher and social worker. His actual name was Vinayak
Damodar Savarkar. He was born on May 28, 1883, in the village of Bhagpur near
Nasik. Ganesh (Babarao), his elder brother was a strong source of influence in his
life. At a very early age he lost his father Damodarpant Savarkar and mother
Radhabai.
Veer Savarkar established an organization by the name of ‘Mitra Mela’ which
influenced the members to fight for “absolute political independence” of India. The
Mitra Mela members served the victims of plague in Nasik. He later called the “Mitra
Mela” as “Abhinav Bharat” and declared “India must be independent”.
He wrote a book “The Indian War of Independence 1857” on India’s struggle
of independence, which was banned by Britishers. When he was in London, he
encouraged the Indian students in England against the British colonial
masters. He supported the use of arms in India’s struggle of independence.
Prafulla Chaki
1. Lala Lajpat Rai in Punjab; class note
2. Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Maharashtra;
3. G. Subramaniam Iyer, Ganapathy Dikshitar Subramania Iyer (Tamil: கனபதி தீக்ஷிதர்
சுப்பிரமணிய அய்யர்)(b. January 19, 1855 - d. April 15, 1916) was a leading Indian journalist, social
reformer and freedom fighter who founded 'The Hindu' newspaper on September 20, 1878. He was
proprietor, editor and Managing Director of The Hindu from September 20, 1878 to October 1898.
4. N.K. Ramaswamy Iyer,: was an Indian educationist, social reformer and lawyer
from Tiruchirapalli, in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
5. M. Krishna Rao: Indian freedom fighter, editor, scholar and literary
critic.[2][4] He was the editor of Krishna Patrika, a nationalist publication
from 1907 to 1945.[5] He is considered to be the doyen of Telugu
journalism.
6. Rarnnath Puri,
7. G.D. Kumar,
8. Taraka Nath Das
9. Jawaharlal Nehru,
10.Shankarlal
11.Banker
12.Muhammad Ali,
13.Shaukat Ali,
14.Abdul Kalam Azad
15.Khilafat agitation
16.Abul Kalarn had,
17.Maulana Akram Khan and
18.Muniruzamman Islamabadi popularised the
1. movement in Bengal. Akrarn Khan's Moharnmadi.
Madras Native Association: In Bombay and Madras, there were two important
first political organizations. The first political organization of the Bombay
Presidency was the Bombay Association which was started on 26 August 1852,
to vent public grievances to the British. The first organization in the Madras
Presidency to which was established by Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty in 1849.
However, both of them were essentially local in character and so got disbanded
in a few. first Indian-owned newspaper in Madras, The Crescent.
During the mid-19th century, Christian missionaries indulged in open
proselytisation in public institutions in the Madras Presidency. Their
proselytisation activities were allegedly favoured by officials of the British
government who preferred native Christians to Hindus in higher appointments
in order to entice Hindu Indians to embrace Christianity . The religious stance
of the Madras government was frequently condemned by the Hindu population.
Lakshminarasu supported their cause and launched agitations against
conversions.
Poona Sarvajanik sabha : sociopolitical organisation in British India which

started with the aim of working as a mediating body between the government
and people of India and to popularise the peasants' legal rights.[1][2] It started as
an elected body of 95 members elected by 6000 persons on April 2, 1870.[3]
[4]
The organisation was a precursor to the Indian National Congress which
started with its first session from Maharashtra itself. The Pune Sarvajanik Sabha
provided many of the prominent leaders of national stature to the Indian
freedom struggle including Bal Gangadhar Tilak. It was formed in 1870 by S.
H. Chiplunkar, Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi, Mahadev Govind Ranade, et al.[5][6]
Indian Association (1877) in Bengal: Indian Association, nationalist political

group in India that favoured local self-government and served as a preparatory
agent for the more truly national Indian National Congress. The association was
founded in Bengal in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose;
it soon displaced the Indian League, which had been founded the year before,
and rivaled the long-standing British Indian Association, which it regarded as a
reactionary body of landlords and industrialists. The association was supported
mainly by younger professional men among the Bengali intelligentsia.
The association found an issue in opposing the lowering of the age limit
for civil service examinations (1877), which was disadvantageous to Indian
candidates; and in 1878 it objected to the Vernacular Press Act, which stifled
the Indian press. It advocated local self-government and tenant rights, and,
when the Bengal Tenancy Act was finally passed in 1885, it demanded
representative government. After the Indian National Congress was founded in
1885, the association gradually lost ground; it was not heard of after 1888.
Madras Mahajan Sabha (1 884): was an Indian nationalist organisation based

in the Madras Presidency. Along with the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, Bombay
Presidency Association and the Indian Association, it is considered to be a
predecessor of the Indian National Congress. In May 1884., M.
Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer and P. Anandacharlu established the
Madras Mahajana Sabha.[1] The office of the Sabha functioned in the beginning
at the office of The Hindu, Ellis Road Junction, Mount Road. P. Rangaiah
Naidu was elected President of the Sabha with R. Balaji Rao as its Secretary. In
September 1885, the Sabha in collaboration with the Bombay Presidency
Association and the Indian Association, sent a delegation to England.[2]
The Mahajana Sabha held its first conference between 29 December 1884 and 2
January 1885. The Sabha adopted a moderate policy in its early days. However,
still, its aims and objectives were considered seditious. In December 1895, on
his visit to Madras, the Viceroy of India, Lord Elgin refused to receive the
welcome address from the Madras Mahajana Sabha.
Gadar movement: he Ghadar Party (Punjabi: ਗ਼ਦਰ ਪਾਰਟੀ) was

an Indian revolutionary organisation primarily founded by Punjabis
A ship named Komagatamaru, filled with Indian immigrants was turned back
from Canada. As the ship returned to India several of its passengers were killed.
In 1913, Pacific Coast Hindustan Association was founded by Lala Hardayal
with Sohan Singh Bhakna as its president, which was called Ghadar Party. Th
National Education
National education was another item to which Sri Aurobindo attached much
importance. It was included as part of the four-fold Programme of the new
Nationalist Party. The movement began well and many national schools were
established in Bengal and many able men became teachers, but still the development
was insufficient and the economical position of the schools precarious. Sri Aurobindo
had decided to take up the movement personally and see whether it could not be
given a greater expansion and a stronger foundation, but his departure from Bengal
cut short this plan. In the repression and the general depression caused by it, most of
the schools failed to survive. The idea lived on and it may be hoped that it will one
day find an adequate form and body.
Bengal national college: On 15.Aug.1906, Bengal National College, with Sri

Aurobindo as its first Principal, started functioning from 191/1, Bowbazar street. The
Building was taken on a lease for one year. The monthly rent was Two hundred
Rupees. In June 1907, the Bengal National College, was shifted to 164 & 166
Bowbazar street, due to shortage of space in the earlier location. The Building was
taken on a lease of five years at a monthly rent of four hundred and fifty Rupees.
Home rule movement: movement in British India on the lines of Irish Home Rule
movement and other home rule movements. The movement lasted around two years
between 1916–1918 and is believed to have set the stage for the independence
movement under the leadership of Annie Besant all over India whereas B. G.
Tilak participation was limited to the educated English speaking upper class Indians. [1] In
1921 All India Home Rule League changed its name to Swarajya Sabha see clas note
Class note
Simon commission
Nehru report
Salt satyagraha
Civil disobedience
Gandhi Irwin pact
Objective resolution

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For mid sem

what is the Indian state? definition, discourse on state, position of the

Historica background: causes of national movemen, nature of National

Nature of the Indian state

Perspectives determining the nature of state: liberal, Marxist , approaches ,

Short notes: 2 markers

Anushilan Samiti, Ghadar Party, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association

Sardar Ajit Singh was a revolutionary, an Indian dissident, and a nationalist

Born: 2 February 1881, Khatkar Kalan

Died: 15 August 1947, Dalhousie

Dadabhai naoroji: Dadabhai Naoroji, (born Sept. 4, 1825, Bombay [now

M. Krishna Rao: Indian freedom fighter, editor, scholar

Madanlal Dhingra: was an Indian revolutionary.

Damodar Savarkar: Veer Savarkar was a great revolutionary in the history of

Poona Sarvajanik sabha : sociopolitical organisation in British India which

Indian Association (1877) in Bengal: Indian Association, nationalist political

Madras Mahajan Sabha (1 884): was an Indian nationalist organisation based

Gadar movement: he Ghadar Party (Punjabi: ਗ਼ਦਰ ਪਾਰਟੀ) was

Bengal national college: On 15.Aug.1906, Bengal National College, with Sri

Gandhi Irwin pact

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