Department of Education: Republic of The Philippines

Inclusion No.
9 to the Unnumbered Division Memorandum dated August 10, 2021

EARTH SCIENCE
Re: Guidelines on the Preparation of Quick Study Notes021
Quarter 2
Week 3
Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V (BICOL)
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF IRIGA CITY
QUICK STUDY NOTES in EARTH SCIENCE

QUARTER 2, WEEK 3
A. TOPIC:
1.1. Seafloor Spreading
B. KEY CONCEPTS:
 Seafloor spreading is a geologic process in which tectonic plates—large slabs

of Earth's lithosphere—split apart from each other.
 Seafloor spreading and other tectonic activity processes are the result of
mantle convection. Mantle convection is the slow, churning motion of Earth’s
mantle. Convection currents carry heat from the lower mantle and core to the
lithosphere. Convection currents also “recycle” lithospheric materials back to
the mantle.
 Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent plate boundaries. As tectonic plates
slowly move away from each other, heat from the mantle’s convection
currents makes the crust more plastic and less dense. The less-dense
material rises, often forming a mountain or elevated area of the seafloor.
 Eventually, the crust cracks. Hot magma fueled by mantle convection bubbles
up to fill these fractures and spills onto the crust. This bubbled-up magma is
cooled by frigid seawater to form igneous rock. This rock (basalt) becomes a
new part of Earth’s crust.
 Seafloor spreading occurs along mid-ocean ridges—large mountain ranges
rising from the ocean floor. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, for instance, separates
the North American plate from the Eurasian plate, and the South American
Inclusion No. 9 to the Unnumbered Division Memorandum dated August 10, 2021

REGION V (BICOL)
plate from the African plate. The East Pacific Rise is a mid-ocean ridge that
runs through the eastern Pacific Ocean and separates the Pacific plate from
the North American plate, the Cocos plate, the Nazca plate, and the Antarctic
plate. The Southeast Indian Ridge marks where the southern Indo-Australian
plate forms a divergent boundary with the Antarctic plate.
 Seafloor spreading is not consistent at all mid-ocean ridges. Slowly spreading
ridges are the sites of tall, narrow underwater cliffs and mountains. Rapidly
spreading ridges have a much more gentle slopes.
 The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, for instance, is a slow spreading center. It spreads 2-
5 centimeters (.8-2 inches) every year and forms an ocean trench about the
size of the Grand Canyon. The East Pacific Rise, on the other hand, is a fast
spreading center. It spreads about 6-16 centimeters (3-6 inches) every year.
There is not an ocean trench at the East Pacific Rise, because the seafloor
spreading is too rapid for one to develop.
 The newest, thinnest crust on Earth is located near the center of mid-ocean
ridge—the actual site of seafloor spreading. The age, density, and thickness
of oceanic crust increases with distance from the mid-ocean ridge.
 Deep-ocean trenches- where the ocean floor plunges into deep underwater
canyons.
 Mid-ocean ridge- the longest chain of mountains in the world.
 Seafloor spreading- the process that continually adds new material to the
ocean floor.
 Sonar-A device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and then
records the echoes of these sound waves.
 Subduction- the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep
ocean trench and back into the mantle.
C. LEARNING CHECK-UP

REGION V (BICOL)
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Where do you think the youngest rocks are located on the ocean floor?
A. Near Asia C. at mid-ocean ridges
B. near continents D. far from mid-ocean ridges
2. What do you call to the process of continuously adding new material to the ocean
floor?
A. Continental drifting C. Continental spreading
B. Seafloor spreading D. Seafloor drifting
3. What did the scientist find while studying the ocean floor?
A. plastic C. magnetic stripes
B. sediment D. none of the above
4. Where does older ocean floor subduct?

A. Crust C. Ridge
B. Ocean D. Trench
5. Where do oldest rocks located on the ocean floor?

A. Near Asia C. at mid-ocean ridges
B. near continents D. far from mid-ocean ridges
6. What is the longest chain of mountains in the world?

A. Mid-ocean ridge C. Pacific Ocean
B. Oceanic ridge D. Pacific Ring of Fire
7. How does seafloor spreading occur?

A. When earthquakes break apart the ocean floor.
B. When sediments accumulate at the area of spreading.
C. When new material is being added to the asthenosphere.
D. When molten material beneath the Earth’s crust rises to the surface.
8. What device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and then records the
echoes of these sound waves?
A. Solar C. Soler
B. Sonar D. Soner
9. How do you describe the magnetic pattern of ocean floor rocks on one side of an ocean
ridge?
A. younger than on the other side
B. at right angles to the ocean ridge
C. a mirror image of that of the other side
D. much different from the magnetic pattern found in rocks on land
10. What process that allows part of the ocean floor to sink back into the mantle?

REGION V (BICOL)
A. Conduction C. Seclusion
B. Convection D. Subduction
D. LEARNING INSIGHTS:
My learnings about the seafloor spreading are the following:

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ANSWER KEY:

REGION V (BICOL)
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. C
10. D

Department of Education: Republic of The Philippines

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Inclusion No.

9 to the Unnumbered Division Memorandum dated August 10, 2021

Republic of the Philippines

QUICK STUDY NOTES in EARTH SCIENCE

 Seafloor spreading is a geologic process in which tectonic plates—large slabs

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

4. Where does older ocean floor subduct?

5. Where do oldest rocks located on the ocean floor?

6. What is the longest chain of mountains in the world?

7. How does seafloor spreading occur?

Republic of the Philippines

My learnings about the seafloor spreading are the following:

Republic of the Philippines

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