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Module 2: History of Tourism and Hospitality: or Searching
Module 2: History of Tourism and Hospitality: or Searching
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After studying this Chapter, you will be able to:
➢ Discuss the history of travel, tourism and hospitality.
➢ Compare and contrast innovations that have modernized the industry
➢ Discuss the History of travel, tourism and Hospitality in the Philippines
➢ Know the different types of tourism in the Philippines
➢ Discuss tourism strategies under the National Tourism Development Plan
In order to truly appreciate the tourism and hospitality industry, it is important to understand its original origin. A
person cannot project the future without understanding the past. Philosophers say it another way: Knowledge is telling the
past. Wisdom is predicting the future.” (Cruz, 2019)
• HISTORY OF TOURISM
Travel and exploration are basic to human nature. Man has travelled since the earliest times although the term tourism
was used only in the 19th century. “Tourism” is derived from the Hebrew word TORAH which means studying, learning,
or searching.
EARLY BEGINNINGS
• NOMADS – first traveller in the world
NOMADS
- These people moved on foot from one place to another seeking for food, shelter
and safety from wild beasts and hostile tribes.
- Started of farming, domesticating animals and eventually settled down. SUMERIANS
• SUMERIANS – they invented money, plows, wheel & cuneiform which facilitated
travel and exchange of good.
• PHOENICIANS – first known creator of Maritime Empire and Master of Shipwrights
- toured and mapped trade routes throughout the Mediterranean sea as PHOENICIANS
Merchants
- known as “Traders in Purple: because they use purple dye from the Murex
snail to make purple clothing and such.
• POLYNESIANS- were excellent canoe builders, sailors and navigators. POLYNESIANS
- Navigation was accomplished by observing the position of the sun and stars,
ocean swells, clouds and bird flights.
• *NOAH’S ARK - Probably credited to be the first cruise operator, even though most
of the passengers were animals. NOAH’S ARK
Early tourism has two forms: TRAVEL FOR BUSINESS AND RELIGION
• THE ROMANS – The prosperity of the Roman Empire was reflected in the development of
travel.
- They built excellent roads, transportation and communication systems. Therefore,
there’s a saying that “Every Road leads to Rome”
- Mainly travel was done by military groups, government officials and caravans.
- Employed relay horses which can cover 100 miles or more in a day in between distances
of 6 miles were mutations and stables where horses could be change. They are the
equivalent of the present gasoline stations.
- ENTERTAINMENT:
➢ GLADIATORS most often came from a slave or criminal background but also
many prisoners of war were forced to perform in the arenas. There were also
cases of bankrupt aristocrats forced to earn a living by the sword, for example
Sempronius, a descendent of the powerful Gracchi clan.
➢ CHARIOT RACES commonly took place in a circus. The main centre of chariot
racing was the Circus Maximus in the valley between Palatine Hill and Aventine
Hill, which could seat 250,000 people.
➢ SATURNALIA was an ancient Roman festival in honour of the god Saturn,
held on 17 December of the Julian calendar and later expanded with festivities
through to 23 December. A fe stival in which slaves and their masters would
switch places.
➢ With these events and festivals they built rest houses. (forerunners of hotels
and inns)
• ECONOMIC EVENTS – (Great recession 2008-2009) global economic and financial crisis
from 2008 on.
• POLITICAL EVENTS – such as the ‘Arab Spring’ in North Africa and the Middle East, or
regulatory changes in boarding and passport requirements for travellers as a result of
increased concerns over security. This also includes sudden changes in terms of what you
can take onto aircraft as hand luggage.
Given the impact of these events in terms of lives lost, damaged infrastructure and economic
loss, it is clear that society must tackle these challenges head on. After the crisis, tourism activity
returns back to normal life.
HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY
Hospitality Industry Began with the Sumerians 5000 Years Ago in 3000 BC.
ANCIENT PERIOD
• SUMERIANS
- First to develop trade in modern sense of the world.
- converted grains into alcoholic beverages or beers
- Taverns were established (1st hospitality business) which attracted
criminals.
• CODE OF HAMMURABI
- Required the owner to report customers who planned crimes in these
taverns.
- Death penalty was also imposed for diluted drinks with water.
EARLY TRADERS
Many became traders of exotic goods.
• CARAVANSERAI – roadside inn where travellers could rest and recover from the
day’s journey. It is often dirty and infected with bugs that travellers tried to avoid
whenever possible.
MEDIEVAL ERA
- It was considered as the duty of the Christians to offer hospitality to travellers
and pilgrims.
- BROWN’S HOTEL 1837 – dining facility was opened (1882) by Henry Ford
• Restaurant – referred to the dining room of a hotel.
- SAVOY - first luxury hotel in Britain
• CESAR RITZ – general manager
• AUGUST ESCOFFIER – chef des cuisines
- Le guide culinaire
- Installed the Kitchen Brigade System
- DELMONICO’S – the only expensive and aristocratic restaurant in the us
• First American restaurant that serves Swiss-French cuisines
- WHITE CASTLE - first fast-food chain
- MARRIOTT - hot shoppe and root beer stands
- DRIVE-IN AND FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS – sprang up in America
PHILIPPINE TOURSIM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Tourism is one of the major contributor to the economy of the Philippines, contributing 5.9% to the Philippine GDP in 2011. The
Philippines is an archipelagic country composed of 7,645 islands. The country’s rich biodiversity is the main tourist attraction of the
Philippines. The country’s rich historical and cultural heritage is also one of the attraction of the Philippines.
Tourism is considered as an important sector for Philippine economy. In 2015, the travel and tourism industry contributed 10.6%
to the country’s GDP. Philippines is an archipelagic country composed of 7,641 island with 82 provinces divided in 17 regions. The
country is known for having rich biodiversity as its main tourist attraction.
Its beaches, heritage towns and monuments, mountains, rainforests, islands and diving spots are among the country’s most
popular tourist destinations. The country’s rich historical and cultural heritage (which is a mix of Asian, European, and American heritage),
including its festivals and indigenous traditions among tourists are El Nido Palawan, Davao, Boracay, Siargao, Cebu, Manila and many
more.
The tourism industry first truly flourished during the late 19th to early 20th century due to the influx
of immigrants from Europe and the United States. It was listed as one of the best countries to visit in Asia
aside from Hong Kong and Japan, earning the nickname “Pearl of the Orient Seas”. The Tourism declined
during and after the World War II, Leaving the country with a completely
devastated economy, and a landscape filled with destroyed heritage towns.
The second wave of tourist influx flourished in the 1950s but declined
drastically during the dictatorship era. After the People Power Revolution, the
tourism industry continued to decline due to the domino effect caused by the dictatorship. The industry only
managed to cope in 1991 and 1992, where 1.2 million tourists visited the Philippines. It afterwards waned
again after a decade due to corrupt practices in government.
The tourism industry flourished again from the third time at the early part of the 2010s under
the “Its More Fun in the Philippines” slogan, which was widely regarded as an international success,
gaining international media attention. The country saw an influx of tourists from all over the world, with
the help of social media and the creative tagline, the tourism went at its peak with having 5,360,682
foreign million tourists recorded in 2015. The Industry continued to grow in 2017, but the growth rate
from Western tourists drastically decreased due to an ongoing drug war and the declaration of martial
law in Mindanao. Nonethe less, the growth continued due to an influx of Asian and Russian tourists.
The Department of Tourism Envisions to develop globally competitive, environmentally sustainable and socially responsible
tourism industry that promotes inclusive growth through employment generation and equitable distribution of income thereby
contributing to building a foundation for a high-trust society (NTDP,2016)
PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
According to the National Tourism Developmental
Plan (2016-2022). DOT will focus on nine tourism
products:
1. Nature based Tourism
2. Cultural Tourism
3. Sun and Beach Tourism
4. Leisure and Entertainment Tourism
5. M.I.C.E. Tourism
6. Health, Wellness and Retirement Tourism
7. Cruise and Nautical Tourism
8. Diving and Marine Sports Tourism
9. Education Tourism
REFERENCES:
References:
Cruz, Z.L. (2019) The History of Tourism and Hospitality (pp. 19-32) REX Book Store.
Disimulacion, M.A. (2019) Overview of Tourism and Hospitaltiy, Macroperspective of Tourism and Hospitality (pp.1-15, pp.105-
112).Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Lim, R.D. (2019) History and Nature of Tourism (pp 4-5) Mindshapers Co., Inc.
MODULE 2
REVIEW QUIZ #2: IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING.
__________________1. The forerunners of the present gasoline stations.
__________________2. It is a travel for religious or spiritual purposes.
__________________3. The inventors of money.
__________________4. The country where the first Olympic Games was held.
__________________5. It is a travel experience for the sons of wealthy to study language, culture, and
history.
__________________6. He is known as the Father of Tourism.
__________________7. It is an approach for pursuing education, carrying out research activities and
knowledge acquisition.
__________________8. The term given to medical baths.
__________________9. A combination of stables and sleeping accommodations which provided shelter from
sandstorm.
__________________10. It plays an important role as souvenirs and mementos, thereby spatially and
temporarily expanding the visitor experience.
__________________11. A soup vendor in Paris who established the first restaurant.
__________________12. It is an ancient Filipino art of healing.
__________________13. The Hebrew word from which the word “tourism” was derived.
__________________14-15. They installed the kitchen brigade system.