11/7/2018

CONTENTS:
▪Part 1: The Physical Self
▪Part 2: The Sexual Self
UNDERSTANDING THE SELF ▪Part 3: The Material/Economic Self
▪Part 4: The Spiritual Self
Unpacking the Self ▪Part 5: The Political Self
▪Part 6: The Digital Self

PART 1: PHYSICAL SELF

“Learn how to see. Realize that
everything
connects to everything else.” "I am not who I think I am.
– Leonardo da Vinci I am not who you think I am.
I am who I think you think I am."

Physical Self/Body is an
initial source of sensation and
necessary for the origin and
maintenance of personality
Physical Self - is the concrete dimension, the – William James
tangible aspect of the person that can be
directly observed and examined.

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In Psychoanalytical school,
Sigmund Freud's
construction of self and Erik Erikson - the role of bodily
personality makes the organs is especially important
physical body the core of in early developmental stages
human experience. of a persons life.

The sociology of the body

become an established
discipline in the 1990’s.
Bryan Turner, coined the term
“somatic society” which
means the new found
How they view themselves importance of the body in
How they view others contemporary society.
How they think others view them

The obsession to have a beautiful face & body Eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa
and bulimia

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder

The demand for cosmetic surgery and skin
whiteners

Body Shaming

Many people especially

women spend tremendous
expenditure of time, effort
and money to alter their
appearances to resemble
an ideal image.

Ideal man and woman? “Mirror ..mirror on the wall

Who’s the fairest of them all”

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Beauty is in the eye of the beholder

We are NOT our bodies. We live in our bodies,

but our bodies do not make up WHO we are.

“Do not let your mind bully your body.”

― June Tomaso Wood

Is there a difference?
▪ Sex is biological – male, female, also intersex (reproductive differences
based on genitalia, chromosomes, hormones)

ME AND MY SEXUALITY ▪ Gender is ‘the structure of social relations that centres on the
reproductive arena, and the set of practices that bring reproductive
distinctions into social processes’ (Connell 2002: 10)
Part 2: My Sexual Self

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My Sexual Self My Sexual Self

Biological Perspective
▪ Human reproductive system Genetic basis for sex determination
▪ Genetic basis for sex determination ▪ X chromosome
▪ Asexual reproductive organs ▪ Y chromosome
▪ Male reproductive organs – gonads/genitalia
▪ Female reproductive organs – gonads/genitalia
▪ Secondary sexual characteristics

Asexual reproductive organ Male Reproductive Organ

Female Reproductive Organ Secondary Sex Characteristics

Male Female
• Enlarged Adam’s apple • Mature breasts
• Facial hair • Broader hips
• Broad shoulders • Pubic hair
• Increased body hair
• Pubic hair
• Mature genital organs
• Muscular Body

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The Biology of the Sexual Response ▪ Plateau. This stage, the highest point of sexual excitement,
generally lasts between 30 seconds and three minutes.
▪ Desire (also called libido). This stage, in which a man or woman
begins to want or "desire" sexual intimacy or gratification, may ▪ Orgasm. This stage, the peak of the plateau stage and the point
last anywhere from a moment to many years. at which sexual tension is released, generally lasts for less than
a minute.
▪ Excitement (also called arousal). This stage, which is
characterized by the body’s initial response to feelings of sexual ▪ Resolution. The duration of this stage—the period during which
desire, may last from minutes to several hours. the body returns to its pre-excitement state—varies greatly and
generally increases with age.

Chemistry of Lust and Love LUST

My Sexual Self - ATTRACTION My Sexual Self - ATTACHMENT

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ERROGENOUS ZONE vs FANTASY Sexual Diversity

• Heterosexuality – opposite sex
• Homosexuality – same sex
• Bisexuality – both sexes
• Transgender – change of one’s sex
organ

Sexual Diversity Cisgender

▪ Gender refers to the attitudes, feelings and behaviors that a ▪ An adjective used to describe a person whose gender identity
given culture associates with a person's biological sex. and gender expression align with sex assigned at birth; a
Behavior that is compatible with cultural expectations is person who is not TGNC.
referred to as gender ‐ normative; behaviors that are viewed ▪ Cisgender replaces the terms "nontransgender" or "bio
as incompatible with these expectations constitute gender non man/bio woman" to refer to individuals who have a match
‐ conformity (APA, 2012). between the gender they were assigned at birth, their bodies
and their gender identity.

Transgender Current Issues

▪ An adjective that is a umbrella term used to describe the full ▪ Sexually transmitted diseases
range of people whose gender identity and/or gender role do ▪ Teenage pregnancy
not conform to what is typically associated with their sex ▪ Premarital sex
assigned at birth.

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“A man’s self is the sum total of all that he

can call his, not only his body and his psychic
powers, but his clothes and his house, his
wife and children, his ancestors and friends,
his reputation and works, his lands and
horses, and yacht and bank-account. All
THE MATERIAL SELF these things give him the same emotions. If
they wax and prosper, he feels triumphant; if
they dwindle and die away, he feels cast
Shaping the way we see ourselves: down,—not necessarily in the same degree
The role of consumer culture on our sense of self and identity for each thing, but in much the same way for
all.”

- William James

GROUP PROCESSING
ACTIVITY - “SHOPPING” ▪ What were the objects selected?
▪ Why did you choose these objects?
Choose 5 objects to put inside your grocery bag. You ▪ What are the connections of these objects to your self?
can choose anything that you can identify with. ▪ If you will be asked to let go of these objects and retain
one, which object would you choose and why?

MATERIAL SELF
The Material Self

Refers to tangible objects, people, or places that carry the

designation my or mine. Bodily Self Extended Self

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FUNCTIONS OF POSSESSIONS Materialism

Possessions can go beyond their functional value. The importance a consumer attaches to worldly
possessions
• Influence
• Power
• Sympathy
• Social status
• Emotions

Possessions as Symbolic Expressions of

Can possessions really buy Identity (Symbolic Communication Model)
happiness and stability?
• There’s an observation that one’s possessions are
considered a part of oneself. They are symbols and
extensions of the personal and social aspects of her
identity/personhood.
• Possession help people define themselves.

Possessions as Symbolic Expressions of

Possessions and Self-Identity
Identity (Symbolic Communication Model)
For example:
• Possessions can enhance one’s image and
develop a positive sense of self. A recent Ph.D., for example, may prominently display his
diploma in an attempt to convince himself (and others) that
• It can be a reassurance that one is the person
he is the erudite scholar he aspires to be.
one’s wishes to be.
• Goods and possessions are used to fill in or to Even though you are not too smart or not qualified, so long
compensate for the person lacks. as you wear an expensive watch, a high-class pair of shoes
and you have the latest model of cellphone.

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Acquisition of material
possessions

CONSPICIOUS CONSUMPTION
Possessions become symbolic
expression of self-identity
Consumers own high-priced, status-oriented
goods to impress others and to convince them
Loss of possessions
of their high social status.

Loss of important aspect of

self

Negative reactions

Possessions and Self-Identity Possessions and Self-Identity

For some, possessions become the symbolic According to Burris & Rempel (2004), the more a
components of self-identity (e.g. success, important possession symbolically represents the self, the
relationships, etc.) and consider possessions as greater the negative reactions experienced if it is
their meaning in life. When these symbolic lost.
components are destroyed or loss, an aspect of self
is also destroyed which can result to negative
reactions.

Possessions as Unstable Meanings Possessions as Unstable Meanings

For example:
• Meaning is in a constant state of flux.
• Cultural categories of person that help shape identity are
A teenager who has just
subject to constant manipulation by individuals, social
purchased his snowboard,
groups, and marketing agents.
the youthful, extreme sports
• Meanings of objects that are used to make visible and
image of snowboarding may
stabilize the categories of culture are also subject to
soon fade as more people
frequent change through their appropriation in advertising,
over 40 take up the sport.
in television programming, and among social subgroups.

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Pets as Extensions/Symbols of the Self

• Pets have become parts of the

extended self. Pets belong to
the top 5 possessions.
• Positive relationship between https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYDKCx4h
self-esteem and owning pets SQQ
(Covert et al, 1985)
• The dog as “co-therapist”
(Levinson, 1962)

REFLECTION
“It is the preoccupation with possessions,
Is it for real that a person would find meaning more than anything else, that prevents us
and satisfaction in life if he/she has an from living freely and nobly.”
expensive set of clothes? Car? Bag? Awards?
Fame? ― Bertrand Russell

Some Definitions
▪ Religion–an organized system of ideas about the spiritual or
supernatural realm, that is accompanied by rituals. Through rituals,
people attempt to influence things that they think are beyond their
UNPACKING THE SELF control.
▪ Spirituality–also concerns an aspect of the divine and supernatural
but is often times limited to the individual, with no need for any
PART 4: Self, Spirituality, and Religion formal organization. This is the search for meaning and direction in
life and the ways
▪ The two are related –Although not separate from one another,
spirituality is much more profound than religion.

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Points to Ponder Religion –Myths

▪ Are you more of religious or spiritual person?

▪ Why do you say so?

▪ These are stories that have explanations about the divine and the
supernatural.
▪ Within a culturally, myths are considered real.
▪ This is accompanied by ideology and a worldview.

Religion -Rituals Types of Prayers (Dasal o Panalangin)

▪ Religions have rituals/ritu. ▪ Fasting (Pag-aayuno) • Attending mass (Pagmimisa)
▪ What ever is done repeatedly. ▪ Healing (Panggagamot) • Praying a novena (Pagnonobena)
▪ 2 types of ritual ▪ Offering (Pag-aalay) • Praying the rosary (Pagrorosaryo)
▪ According to the Calendar (Calendric) ▪ “Panalanging walang patid” • Carrying the Cross (Pagpasan ng
▪ Based on crisis ▪ Meditation krus)
• Curifixion(Pagpapako sa krus)

Let’s Watch a Video Clip

Spanish Encounters with the Beliefs Spanish Encounters with the Beliefs
and Rituals of our Ancestors and Rituals of our Ancestors
▪ ANITISM
▪ ANIMATISM–impersonal power on earth, which has no concerns about
▪ Belief that nature derives energy from spirits that are separate
what happens to people
and distinct from human beings/bodies. These spirits dwell in
people, animals, stones, rivers, tree and others. ▪ DEITISM –has concern and compassionate care for people
▪ Prevail over people who do not regard themselves as superior
over nature.

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Points to Ponder Spanish Encounters with the Beliefs

▪ In your community, is your behavior more of ANIMATISM or and Rituals of our Ancestors
DEITISM? ▪ 3 types
▪ Give at least 5 behavioral indicators of your answer. ▪ Anthropomorphic (shape that appears humanlike)
▪ Zoomorphic (shape that appears animallike)
▪ Biomorphic (shape that is similar to plants and others)

Spanish encounters with beliefs and rituals

of our ancestors
▪ Those who lead in rituals (“shaman”)
▪ “Babaylan,” “balian,” “katalonan,” “mag-
Let’s Meet Some Pinoy aanito” atbp
▪ Has the capacity to heal or cure the sick
Ethnic Religious Leaders and injured; to predict one’s fortune;
discern human intentions and read the
forces of nature and the weather
Baylan Undin, a Manobo
babaylan from the
mountains of Agusan del
Sur

Apung Benita of the Ayta The Male Babaylan (Asog)

▪ She is called Apung Benita. She is one of the
▪ In the olden times, “babaylan” were women.
respected “mag-aanito.” During ordinary
Eventually men also became “babaylan” but
days, she is a farmer, but is at the same time a
they would dress up and perform rituals like
good healer.
their women counterpart.
▪ Receives her visions through dreams or
▪ In present times, “babaylans” are now healers or
during trance. Mag-aanitos like her generally
herbalists, whose skills are also considered
accepted when they are already old.
“biyaya” or gifts.
▪ During Holy Week, Apung Benita renews her
strength and “biyaya” (gift). She goes up to
the mountain to commune with Apung
Namalyari.

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How is old religion preserved and

Holy Places
continued?
▪ While leaders remain in power
▪ While the spiritual leader remains the
intercessor between the people and the
divine
▪ While there are living experiences of the
divine who is believed to be invisible but
could
Pilgrimage to Mt. Banahaw Apo Muog ng Banaue,
mombaki, namumuno sa
(Pamumuesto sa Bundok Banahaw) isang ritwal

The Meaning of Spirituality (Yabut, 2013)

▪ 2 Themes:
▪ 1.It is phenomenological (personal) experience
▪ Sa ating pagpapakatao, nasasalamin ang ating pakikipag-ugnayan sa
Diyos-De Mesa (2010) Spirituality of the Adolescents/Young Adults
▪ Sa pagpapakataong Pilipino ay naroon ang pakikipagkapwa-tao– (Aged 18-25)
Covar(1998)
▪ 2. This has to do with the human being (“tao”) and not merely the self
(“sarili”). Through “loob,” the relationship between two human beings is
deepened. Filipinos are known to be religious, however religiosity is
meaningless if we do not know how to relate with our “kapwa”
(pakikipagkapwa).In the process a bond takes place.

Renewal of Faith as one Ages (Life Renewal of Faith as one Ages (Life
Span)Fowler (1981) Span)Fowler (1981)
▪ INDIVIDUATIVE-REFLECTIVE STAGE
▪ SYNTHETIC CONVENTIONAL STAGE ▪ The beginnings of questioning/challenging previously held beliefs. (For
▪ The individual has the capacity for “operational thinking” example, “If God is kind, why is there suffering in the world?”)
▪ Faith may now synthesize different beliefs, information, and values to have ▪ Developed regard for God as friend and ally.
a stable identity. ▪ Belief that God accepts him/her as himself/herself
▪ However, there is really no critical analysis of the information and values, ▪ Belief that God that brings light to one’s sense of purpose in life.
and there is heavy reliance on authority. ▪ They themselves and no longer authority chooses their world view.

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Three Ways of Finding Meaning (Viktor

The Importance of Transition Stage
Frank, Logotherapy)
▪ 3 STAGES OF TRANSITION & TRANSFORMATION ▪ 1. Someone – special someone, friend, children, and family
▪ 1.ENDING –Saying goodbye to beliefs held from childhood. ▪ 2. Deed, Act or Work – finding fulfilment and/or being passionate about
▪ 2.NEUTRAL ZONE –conflicted internally from the abandonment of one’s self one’s work/deed
to embracing a new one. ▪ 3. Suffering – through rumination/contemplation, we get to have a deeper
▪ One reason why a teenager undergoes crisis is that sometimes he/she is not aware sense of our self and experiences.
that he/she is undergoing a kind of spiritual awakening.
▪ There is sometimes full of hate, boredom, rebellion, sadness, and even depression
▪ 3.NEW BEGINNING. Through trustworthy friends, an individual discovers
not only himself/herself but also God who may be trusted and may serve as
companion throughout life.

Activity: Shape of My Soul 1. Through molding a clay, Music Video: LORD PATAWAD by Basilyo
portray on how your
1. In what way you can
religiosity and/or
relate with the song?
spirituality can help
2. How does the song
enhance your self.
reflects your relationship
2. For 10 minutes, reflect on
with God?
your work.
3. Ponder on this for 10
3. In a group of 5, share
minutes.
your work and
4. Create and express your
reflections.
own prayer through
drawing and coloring.

Sources:

▪ Phelps, Don. (May 2006). “Understanding the Spiritual Lives of

Adolescents”. Paper presented at the First North American Conference
on Spirituality and Social Work.
▪ Sevilla, Judy. (1989). “Filipino Religious Psychology: A Commentary.”
THE POLITICAL SELF
saSikolohiyangPilipino: Teorya, metodoat gamit. IneditniRogeliaPe-Pua.
LunsodQuezon: University of the Philippines Press at Akademyang Part 5
SikolohiyangPilipino.
▪ Yabut, Homer. (2013). “IsangPaglilinawsamgaPaniniwalaat
PakahulugansaIspirtualidadat Reihiyonng mgaPilipino.” 1 (1). DiwaE
Journal, Nob 2013.
▪ Others

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Let’s discuss the following political issues:

How “tokhang” affects you?

How “poverty” affects you?

Political Self – an increasing awareness of the

How “killing” affects you?
deeply dysfunctional and divisive nature of many of
our traditional political and economic institutions

UNPACKING THE SELF

PART 6: The Digital Self
THE DIGITAL SELF

how we interact with others using

CYBERPSYCHOLOGY
technology
▪ New field within applied psychology
▪ Branch of psychology that examines:
▪ how we interact with others using technology
▪ how our behaviour is influenced by technology
▪ how technology can be developed to best suit our needs
▪ how our psychological states can be affected by technologies

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how our behaviour is influenced by how technology can be developed to best

technology suit our needs

how our psychological states can be affected

CYBERPSYCHOLOGY
by technologies
▪ Mainly focused in the world wide web specifically Social Media
Other technologies involved:
▪ Online and offline gaming such as video games
▪ Mobile computing
▪ Artificial intelligence
▪ Virtual reality
▪ Augmented reality

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SELF AND IDENTITY IN THE CYBERSPACE SELF AND IDENTITY IN THE CYBERSPACE
▪ Identity – development of one’s self-concept, including one’s
Identifiable Offline world
thought and feelings about oneself

ONLINE
ACTUAL SELF WORLD IDEAL SELF Anonymous Online World

OUGHT SELF
Identifiable Online world
Online Anonymity

ONLINE BEHAVIOR THEORIES IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT

▪ EQUALISATION HYPOTHESIS (Kiesler et al., 1984) ▪ selectively-self presenting or editing messages to reveal socially
▪ With the removal of the social cues, a reduction of associated stereotypes desirable attitudes and dimensions of the self
may occur, and therefore may lead to increased social power in the online
world
▪ SOCIAL IDENTITY MODEL OF DEINDIVIDUATION EFFECTS (SIDE)
THEORY (Zimbardo, 1979)
▪ Importance of the situational explicit variables in a social situation
▪ Strengthens the influence of social norms and their effect when social
identity is strong

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The role of anonymity in impression

ANONYMITY
management
▪ 6 different types of Privacy (Pederson, 1979) ▪ Positive effect in the role of privacy or the amount of contact that
▪ Reserve someone has with others
▪ Isolation ▪ Negative effect – increased aggression and anti-social behaviour
▪ Intimacy with family ▪ Autonomy - where people can try out new behaviors without fear
▪ Intimacy with friends of social consequences
▪ Solitude
▪ Anonymity

RESPONSIBLE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA RESPONSIBLE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA

Setting Boundaries to your online self: Smart Sharing Setting Boundaries to your online self: Smart Sharing
▪Guide Questions to consider before ▪ Guide Questions to consider before posting:
▪ Have we (as a family or parent/child) resolved this issue?
posting: An issue still being worked out in the home, or one that is
▪ Is this post/story necessary? either vulnerable or highly emotional, should not be
made public.
▪ Is there a real benefit to this post – is it
▪ Is it appropriate? Does it stay within the boundaries of
funny, warm-hearted, teachable – or am I our family values?
just making noise online without purpose? ▪ Will this seem as funny in 5, 10, or 15 years? Or is this
post better suited for sharing with a small group of family
members? Or maybe not at all?

RESPONSIBLE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA

SCREEN DEPENDENCY DISORDER
Are you a Good Web Citizen?
▪ Guidelines for proper sharing of information and using the internet ▪ Emerging problem (not yet included in
▪ Stick to safer sites DSM-5 and/or ICD-10)
▪ Guard your passwords ▪ dependent, problematic behavior,
▪ Limit what you share including withdrawal symptoms,
▪ Remember that anything you put online or post on a site remains forever, increasing tolerance (for screen use),
even if you try to delete it. ▪ failure to reduce or stop screen activities,
▪ Do not mean or embarrass other people online lying about the extent of use, loss of
▪ Be choosy about your online friends outside interests, and continuation of
▪ Be patient screen use despite adverse
consequences.

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REFLECTION ACTIVITY
▪ Do you think that people are different in the online world compared ▪ WHO AM I?
to the offline world? ▪ 5 sentences (According to yourself)
▪ Should anonymity exist in the online world? Support your answers ▪ Personal SNS (frequently used)
▪ Is Impression Management simply a nicer way of saying that people ▪ Look your own profile and your own comments and write down 5 sentences
that answer the Who am I? question based on your online persona
are lying?
▪ Venn diagram – offline you and online you
▪ CYBERBULLYING
▪ Form a small group (5 members per group) and discuss your personal
experiences and insights regarding cyberbullying. Think of ways on how to
address cyberbullying in the school setting.

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