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    Abrogena, Daniela Adiel A.
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    Advanced Chemistry

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    Advanced Chemistry

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    276 views2 pages

    4.2 Electronegativity KEY 2glvvqz

    Uploaded by

    Abrogena, Daniela Adiel A.
    Advanced Chemistry

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Wkst 4.

    2: Chemical Bonding and Electronegativity


    A. Electronegativity

    The ability of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond is called electronegativity. Answer the
    following questions about the concept, using your table of electronegativities.

    1. Using the grid below, graph electronegativity vs. atomic number for the elements in group 17. How does
    electronegativity vary with atomic number down a group?
    Electronegativity decreases down a group.

    4.0
    3.5
    3.0
    Electronegativity

    2.5
    2.0
    1.5
    1.0
    0.5
    0.0
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
    Atomic number

    Account for this fact.


    As you go down a group, you add electron shells. The increased number of electrons and the increasing distance
    from the nucleus reduces the nucleus’ attraction for the external electrons, hence a decrease in electronegativity.

    2. Using the grid on the back of this page, plot electronegativity vs. atomic number for the elements in period 2.
    How does electronegativity vary with the atomic number across a period?

    Electronegativity increases along a period.

    Account for this fact.


    The increasing number of protons along a period, combined with a constant distance for that electron shell from the
    nucleus, means the attraction of an external electron by the nucleus increases along the period.
    4.0
    3.5
    3.0

    Electronegativity
    2.5
    2.0
    1.5
    1.0
    0.5
    0.0
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Atomic number

    Why is no electronegativity shown for element 10?


    Neon has its two energy levels completely filled and has a stable octet. It does not attract external electrons so it
    has no electronegativity value.

    B. Polarity of Bonds

    Differences in electronegativity can be used to determine how polar a bond is between two atoms. If the difference
    in the electronegativities of the atoms is 0.2 or less, the bond is considered to be non-polar covalent, and the
    electron sharing is more or less equal. If the difference is more than 0.2 but less than 1.7, the bond is polar
    covalent, which means that the sharing is unequal. If the difference is greater than 1.7, the bond is considered to be
    ionic, and the bonding electrons are essentially transferred to one of the atoms.

    Using your table of electronegativities, calculate the electronegativity difference for the bonded atoms in the
    following diatomic molecules. Then tell whether the bond is non-polar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic. Also, tell
    which atom has the greater share of the bonding electrons.

    Atom with greater


    Formula Electronegativity difference Type of bond
    electron share
    NO 0.5 Polar covalent O
    MgO 2.3 Ionic O
    Br2 0.0 Non-polar covalent Equal sharing
    LiH 1.1 Polar covalent H
    LiBr 1.8 Ionic Br
    CuF 2.1 Ionic F
    CO 1.0 Polar covalent O
    HAt 0.1 Non-polar covalent At

    Copyright © by D.C. Heath and Company

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