PL SQL Assignments

Exercise 1

1. Write a program that computes the perimeter and the area of a rectangle. Define your own
values for the
length and width. (Assuming that L and W are the length and width of the rectangle,
Perimeter =
2*(L+W) and Area = L*W. Display the output on the screen using dbms_output.put_line.

DECLARE LENGTH number:=&LENGTH;

Width number:=&width;

Area number;

Parimeter number;

BEGIN Area:=LENGTH*width;

Parimeter:= 2*(LENGTH+width);

dbms_output.put_line('AREA OF RECTANGLE IS:'||Area);

 dbms_output.put_line('PARIMETER OF RECTANGLE IS:'||
PARIMETER);

END;

2. Write a program that declares an integer variable called num, assigns a value to it, and
computes and
inserts into the tempp table the value of the variable itself, its square, and its cube.

CREATE TABLE tempp ( item number, square number, CUBE

number );

TABLE created.

DECLARE num number:=#

BEGIN
INSERT INTO tempp
VALUES(num,
num*num,
num*num*num);

END;

Enter value
FOR num: 5 --PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SELECT *
FROM tempp;
 --ITEM SQUARE CUBE
--5 25 125

3. Convert a temperature in Fahrenheit (F) to its equivalent in Celsius (C) and vice versa. The
required
formulae are:-

C= (F-32)*5/9
F= 9/5*C + 32

Display the output on the screen using dbms_output.put_line. Data has to be input by the
user.

DECLARE F number:=&Fahrenheit;

C number:=&Celsius;

RESULT number;

BEGIN RESULT:=(F-32)*5/9;

dbms_output.put_line('fahrenheit value entered '||

F||' equal to celsius :'||' '||RESULT);

RESULT:=9/5*C+32;

dbms_output.put_line('fahrenheit value entered '||

F||' equal to celsius :'||' '||RESULT);

END;

/
4. Convert a number of inches into yards, feet, and inches. For example, 124 inches equals 3
yards, 1 foot,
and 4 inches. Display the output on the screen using dbms_output.put_line. Data has to be
input by the
user.

DECLARE inch int:=&howmanyinch;

yard int;

foot int;

BEGIN foot:=inch/12;

yard:=foot / 3;

foot:=foot MOD 3;

inch:=inch MOD 12;

dbms_output.put_line(yard||' '||foot||' '||inch);

END;

5. Write a program that enables a user to input an integer. The program should then state
whether the
integer is evenly divisible by 5. (Use decode instead of IF statement where required). Display
the
output on the screen using dbms_output.put_line. Data has to be input by the user.

DECLARE num number:=&enter_value;

 BEGIN IF (num MOD 5=0) THEN
dbms_output.put_line('GIVEN NO. IS DIVISIBLE BY 5');

ELSE dbms_output.put_line('not divisible by 5');

END IF;

END;

/ BEGIN
SELECT decode(num MOD 5, 0, 'divisible', 'nod
devisible') INTO RESULT
FROM dual;

dbms_output.put_line(RESULT);

END;

6. Your block should read in two real numbers and tell whether the product of the two
numbers is equal to
or greater than 100. Display the output on the screen using dbms_output.put_line. (Use
decode instead
of IF statement where required). Data has to be input by the user.

DECLARE a number:=&firstno;

b number:=&secondno;

RESULT varchar2(50);
 BEGIN
SELECT decode(trunc(a*b/100),0,'LESS THEN
100','GREATER THEN OR EQUAL TO 100') INTO RESULT
FROM dual;

dbms_output.put_line(RESULT);

END;

Exercise 2

1. In a PL*SQL block, create a datatype by the name of addr_type. It should contain the
following
components:-

name varchar2 (20)

street varchar2 (30)

city varchar2 (20)

state varchar2 (15)

Your block should accept the names and addresses of 4 employees in 4 different variables of
datatype
addr_type. Output the names and addresses of the 4 employees on the screen in the form of
Labels as
shown below:-

*************************************************************

* Name:- Jack ** Name:- Scott *

* Street:- M.G. Road ** Street:- Bhosale Marg *

* City:- Mumbai ** City:- Chennai *

* State:- Maharashtra ** State:- Tamil Nadu *

*************************************************************

*************************************************************
* Name:- King ** Name:- Adams *

* Street:- Lane No:-2 ** Street:- P. M. Road *

* City:- Nagpur ** City:- Bangalore *

* State:- Maharashtra ** State:- Karnataka *

CREATE TYPE addr_type AS OBJECT ( name varchar2(20),

street
varchar2(30),
city
varchar2(20),

ustate varchar2(5 0));

DECLARE temp1 addr_type := addr_type('jack','mg

road','mumbai','maharashtra');

temp2 addr_type := addr_type('scott','bhosale

marg','chennai','tamil nadu');

temp3 addr_type := addr_type('king','lan no:-

2','nagpur','maharashtra');

temp4 addr_type := addr_type('adams','pm

road','bangalore','karnataka');

BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('*******************************
**********************');

dbms_output.put_line('* Name:- '||temp1.name||' **

Name:- '||temp2.name||' *');
 dbms_output.put_line('* Street:- '||temp1.street||'
** Street:- '||temp2.street||'*');

dbms_output.put_line('* Street:- '||temp1.city||' **

Street:- '||temp2.city||' *');

dbms_output.put_line('* Street:- '||temp1.ustate||'

** Street:- '||temp2.ustate||' *');

dbms_output.put_line('*******************************
**********************');

dbms_output.put_line('*******************************
**********************');

dbms_output.put_line('* Name:- '||temp3.name||' **

Name:- '||temp4.name||' *');

dbms_output.put_line('* Street:- '||temp3.street||'

** Street:- '||temp4.street||' *');

dbms_output.put_line('* Street:- '||temp3.city||' **

Street:- '||temp4.city||' *');

dbms_output.put_line('* Street:- '||temp4.ustate||'

** Street:- '||temp4.ustate||' *');

dbms_output.put_line('*******************************
**********************');

dbms_output.put_line(temp1.street);
 END;

Exercise 3

1. Input a number and determine whether it is within a given range (for example, between 1
and 10). The
low and high values of the range may be input by the user rather than be fixed by the
program. Display
the output on the screen using dbms_output.put_line.

ANONYMS-PROGRAM

DECLARE lb number:=&lower_bound;

ub number:=&upper_bound;

DATA number:=#

BEGIN IF DATA>lb THEN IF DATA<ub THEN

dbms_output.put_line('number is between'||lb||' and
'||ub);

END IF;

ELSE dbms_output.put_line('number is not between'||

lb||' and '||ub);

END IF;

END;
 /
2. Input three positive integers representing the sides of a triangle, and determine whether
they form a valid
triangle. Hint: In a triangle, the sum of any two sides must always be greater than the third
side. Display
the output on the screen using dbms_output.put_line.

ANONYMS-PROGRAM

DECLARE a number:=&first_side;

b number:=&second_side;

c number:=&third_side;

BEGIN IF a+b>c THEN IF b+c>a THEN IF c+a>b THEN

dbms_output.put_line('valid triangle');

END IF;

END IF;

ELSE dbms_output.put_line('invalid triangle');

END IF;

END;

3. Check if a given a year is a leap year. The condition is:-

year should be (divisible by 4 and not divisible by 100) or (divisible by 4 and divisible by
400.) Display the
output on the screen using dbms_output.put_line. The year should be input by the user.
ANONYMS-PROGRAM

DECLARE YEAR int:=&enter_yera;

result1 int;

result2 int;

result3 int;

BEGIN result1:=mod(YEAR,100);

result2:=mod(YEAR,400);

result3:=mod(YEAR,4);

IF (result3=0)
AND not(result1=0)
OR (result3=0)
AND (result2=0) THEN dbms_output.put_line('leap
year');

ELSE dbms_output.put_line('not a leap year');

END IF;

END;

4. Ask the user to enter the weight of an apple box. If the

weight is >= 10 kg, rate =Rs. 5/kg

weight is < 10 kg, rate = Rs. 7/kg

Calculate the cost of the apple box. Display the output on the screen using
dbms_output.put_line.

ANONYMS-PROGRAM

DECLARE weight number:=&apple_weight;

rate number;

BEGIN IF (weight>=10) THEN rate:=5;

ELSE rate:=7;

END IF;

dbms_output.put_line('TOTAL WEIGHT'||weight||'TOTAL
COST '||(weight*rate));

END;

5. Program should accept the age of the user. Depending upon the following conditions it
should output:-

age <18 years, ?child?

age >= 18 years and <21 years, ?major?
age>= 21years ?adult?

 Display the output on the screen using dbms_output.put_line.

ANONYMS-PROGRAM

DECLARE age number:=&user_age;

 USER varchar(20);

BEGIN IF (age<18) THEN USER:='child';

elsif (age>18)
AND (age<21) THEN USER:='major';

ELSE USER:='adult';

END IF;

dbms_output.put_line('user is '||USER);

END;

6. Write a program that asks the user to input two character strings. Your program should
then determine if one
character string exists inside another character string. Display the above on the screen using
dbms_output.put_line.

ANONYMS-PROGRAM

DECLARE str1 varchar(30):='&first_string';

str2 varchar(30):='&second_string';

BEGIN IF instr(str1,str2)>0
OR instr(str2,str1)>0 THEN dbms_output.put_line('one
string contained in another');
 ELSE dbms_output.put_line('both are different
string');

END IF;

END;

7. Suppose the grade obtained by a student depends upon his scores and the grading rule is as
follows. :-

Scores Grades
 95-100 A
 85-94 B
 70-84 C
 60-69 D
 0-59 E

Write a block to accept a student?s marks and accordingly output his grade. Display the
output on the
screen using dbms_output.put_line.

ANONYMS-PROGRAM

DECLARE score number:='&score';

grade varchar(1);

BEGIN IF score<=59 THEN grade:='E';

elsif score<=69 THEN grade:='D';

elsif score<=84 THEN grade:='C';

elsif score<=94 THEN grade:='B';

 elsif score<=100 THEN grade:='A';

END IF;

dbms_output.put_line('your marks are'||score||' your

grade is --->'||grade);

END;

8. A company manufactures three products:- computer stationery, fixed disks and computers.
The following
codes are used to indicate them:-

Product Code
Computer Stationery 1
Fixed Disks 2
Computers 3

The company has a discount policy as follows:-

Product Order amount Discount rate

Computer stationery Rs. 5000 or more 12%
Computer stationery Rs. 3000 or more 8%
Computer stationery Below Rs. 3000 2%
Fixed disks Rs. 20000 or more 10%
Fixed disks Rs. 15000 or more 5%
Computers Rs. 50000 or more 10%
Computers Rs. 25000 or more 5%

Write a program to accept the order details i.e. product code and order amounts for the
products, calculate
the discount amounts as per this policy and output the net order amount. Display the output
on the screen
using dbms_output.put_line.

ANONYMS-PROGRAM

DECLARE code number:='&item_code';--if it is a

procedure item_code will be permanently saved in
user_source.
amt number:='&item_amount';

disc number;

prod varchar2(30);

BEGIN IF code=1 THEN prod:='Computer Stationary';

IF amt>=5000 THEN disc:=.12;

elsif amt>=3000 THEN disc:=.08;

ELSE disc:=.02;

END IF;

elsif code=2 THEN prod:='Fixed Disks';

IF amt>=20000 THEN disc:=.12;

elsif amt>=15000 THEN disc:=.08;

END IF;

elsif code=3 THEN prod:='Computers';

IF amt>=50000 THEN disc:=.12;

elsif amt>=25000 THEN disc:=.08;

 END IF;

END IF;

dbms_output.put_line('_______________________________
___');

dbms_output.put_line('PRODUCT '||prod);

dbms_output.put_line('ORDER AMOUNT '||amt);

dbms_output.put_line('DISCOUNT IS '||disc);

dbms_output.put_line('AFTER DISCOUNT '||((1-

disc)*amt));

dbms_output.put_line('_______________________________
___');

END;

Exercise 4

1. Write a program containing a loop that iterates from 1 to 1000 using a variable I, which is
incremented each time around the loop. The program should output the value of I every
hundred
iterations (i.e., the output should be 100, 200, etc). Display the output on the screen using
dbms_output.put_line.

DECLARE i int:=1;
 BEGIN LOOP dbms_output.put_line(i);

dbms_output.put_line('____');

exit WHEN i>1000;

i:=i+100;

END LOOP;

END;

2. Write a program that examines all the numbers from 1 to 999, displaying all those for
which the sum of
the cubes of the digits equal the number itself. Display the output on the screen using
dbms_output.put_line.

DECLARE i int:=1;

x int;

y int;

z int;

BEGIN LOOP x:=mod(i,10);

y:=mod(i,10);

z:=mod(i,10);
 IF (x*x*x+y*y*y+z*z*z)=i THEN
dbms_output.put_line(i);

dbms_output.put_line('____');

END IF;

exit WHEN i=1000;

i:=i+1;

END LOOP;

END;
/

3. Write a PL*SQL block that reads in a minimum and maximum value for a radius, along
with an
increment factor, and generates a series of radii by repeatedly adding the increment to the
minimum
until the maximum is reached. For each value of the radius, compute and display the
circumference,
area, and volume of the sphere. (Be sure to include both the maximum and the minimum
values.).
Validate each of the input values to be sure they are positive. If the minimum is typed in
place of the
maximum, swap the values within the program, and continue execution. Display the results
on the
screen using dbms_output.put_line.

DECLARE num int;

j int:=1;
 x int;

y int;

z int;

BEGIN LOOP num:=j;

x:=mod(num,10);

num:=trunc(num/10);

y:=mod(num,10);

num:=trunc(num/10);

z:=mod(num,10);

IF (x*x*x+y*y*y+z*z*z)=j THEN
dbms_output.put_line(j);

dbms_output.put_line('____');

END IF;

exit WHEN j=999;

j:=j+1;

END LOOP;
 END;

Allow any positive integer to be typed in. The program should count how many times the
number has to be
doubled before it reaches 1 million. Display the results on the screen using
dbms_output.put_line.

DECLARE num int:='&number';

counter int:=1;

BEGIN LOOP counter:=counter+1;

num:=2*num;

exit WHEN num>1000000;

END LOOP;

dbms_output.put_line('number'||num||' needs '||

counter||' times
multiplication to reach till 1 million');

END;

4. A palindrome is a word that is spelled the same forward and backward, such as level,
radar, etc. Write a
program to read in a five letter word from the user and determine whether it is a palindrome.
Display
the results on the screen using dbms_output.put_line.

DECLARE str varchar2(50):='&string';

counter int:=length(str);

BEGIN dbms_output.put_line(counter);

LOOP exit WHEN counter=0;

exit WHEN not(substr(str,counter,1)=substr(str,

((length(str)+1)-counter),1));

counter:=counter-1;

END LOOP;

IF counter=0 THEN dbms_output.put_line(str||'is

palindrom');

ELSE dbms_output.put_line(str||'is not palindrom');

END IF;

END;

5. Modify the above program to accept a variable length word. This requires determining how
many
characters are read in.
 DECLARE str varchar2(50):='&string';

counter int:=length(str);
 BEGIN dbms_output.put_line(counter);

LOOP exit WHEN counter=0;

exit WHEN not(substr(str,counter,1)=substr(str,

((length(str)+1)-counter),1));

counter:=counter-1;

END LOOP;

IF counter=0 THEN dbms_output.put_line(str||'is

palindrom');

ELSE dbms_output.put_line(str||'is not palindrom');

END IF;

END;

6. Write a program to read in a number and print it out digit by digit, as a series of words. For
example, the
number 523 would be printed as "five two three". Use decode function within a for loop.
Display the
results on the screen using dbms_output.put_line.

DECLARE num varchar(10):='&number';

i varchar(1);
 c int:=length(num);

RESULT varchar(10);

BEGIN dbms_output.put_line('ENTERED NO. IS');

LOOP i:=substr(num,1,1);

num:=substr(num,2);

SELECT decode(i, 1, 'one', 2, 'two', 3, 'three', 4,

'four', 5, 'five', 6, 'six', 7, 'seven', 8,
'eight',9,'nine','zero') INTO RESULT
FROM dual;

dbms_output.put_line(RESULT);

exit WHEN c=1;

c:=c-1;

END LOOP;

END;

Exercise 5

1. Create a table SCHOOL which has the following structure:-

Roll _no Number 4
Name Varchar2 20
Section Number 4
Class Character 7
Oracle Number 3
Dev_2000 Number 3

 Fill in the following sample data:-

Roll no. Name Section Class Oracle Dev_2000

1 Mukesh Khanna 9012 Working 55 80

2 Rajiv Chawala 9025 Student 75 85
3 Pramila Bordes 9025 Working 45 45
4 Nitish Bharadwaj 9025 Working 67 75
5 Anita Sood 9012 Student 86 72
6 Kalyani Deshmukh 9012 Working 55 65
7 Rakesh Surana 9025 Working 95 95
8 Alok Kumar Nath 9025 Working 25 40
9 Sushmita Bannerjee 9025 Student 73 83
10 Pranay Aiyyer 9012 Student 62 85
11 Shalini Patel 9012 Student 35 00
12 Ketan Tendulkar 9012 Working 83 98
13 Arun Trivedi 9012 Working 67 53
14 Victor D?souza 9025 Working 59 63
15 Sarah Ahmed 9025 Student 65 73

 Create another table with the following structure:-

Roll_no Number 4
Total Number 3
Percent Number 5,2
Grade Varchar2 10

Insert into this table the total marks, percentage and grades of the respective students. The
rules for
grades are as follows:-

For working persons

Percentage Grade

< 50 % FAIL
>= 50 % PASS

For students

Percentage Grade
< 40% FAIL
40 - 49.99% C
50 ? 59.99% B
60 ? 79.99% A
>= 80% HONOURS

TABLES

CREATE TABLE SCHOOL ( Roll_no Number(4), Name

Varchar2(20), Section Number(4), CLASS Character(7),
Oracle Number(3), Dev_2000 Number(3) )
INSERT ALL INTO school
VALUES(1,
'Mukesh Khanna',
9012,
'Working',
55,
80) INTO school
VALUES(2,
'Rajiv Chawala',
9025,
'Student',
75,
85) INTO school
VALUES(3,
'Pramila Bordes',
9025,
'Working',
45,
45) INTO school
VALUES(4,
'Nitish Bharadwaj',
9025,
'Working',
 67,
75) INTO school
VALUES(5,
'Anita Sood',
9012,
'Student',
86,
72) INTO school
VALUES(6,
'Kalyani Deshmukh',
9012,
'Working',
55,
65) INTO school
VALUES(7,
'Rakesh Surana',
9025,
'Working',
95,
95) INTO school
VALUES(8,
'Alok Kumar Nath',
9025,
'Working',
25,
40) INTO school
VALUES(9,
'Sushmita Bannerjee',
9025,
'Student',
 73,
83) INTO school
VALUES(10,
'Pranay Aiyyer',
9012,
'Student',
62,
85) INTO school
VALUES(11,
'Shalini Patel',
9012,
'Student',
35,
00) INTO school
VALUES(12,
'Ketan Tendulkar',
9012,
'Working',
83,
98) INTO school
VALUES(13,
'Arun Trivedi',
9012,
'Working',
67,
53) INTO school
VALUES(14,
'Victor DÆsouza',
9025,
'Working',
 59,
63) INTO school
VALUES(15,
'Sarah Ahmed',
9025,
'Student',
65,
73)
SELECT *
FROM dual /
CREATE TABLE oracle_result ( Roll_no Number (4),
Total Number (3), Percent Number (5,2), Grade
Varchar2 (10) )
CREATE TABLE Dev_2000_result ( Roll_no Number (4),
Total Number (3), Percent Number (5,2), Grade
Varchar2 (10) )
Anonyms procedure for Dev_2000_result result

DECLARE v_student school%rowtype;

v_result oracle_result%rowtype;

grade varchar2(10);

CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT *
FROM SCHOOL;

BEGIN
FOR v_student IN c1 LOOP IF v_student.class='Working'
THEN IF v_student.Dev_2000 <50 THEN grade:='FAIL';
 ELSE grade:='PASS';

END IF;

elsif v_student.class='Student' THEN IF

v_student.Dev_2000 >=80 THEN grade:='HONOURS';

elsif v_student.Dev_2000 >=60 THEN grade:='A';

elsif v_student.Dev_2000 >=50 THEN grade:='B';

elsif v_student.Dev_2000 >=40 THEN grade:='C';

ELSE grade:='B';

END IF;

END IF;

INSERT INTO Dev_2000_result

VALUES(v_student.Roll_no,
v_student.Oracle,
v_student.Dev_2000,
grade);

END LOOP;

END;
 /
Anonyms procedure for oracle result

DECLARE v_student school%rowtype;

v_result oracle_result%rowtype;

grade varchar2(10);

CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT *
FROM SCHOOL;

BEGIN
FOR v_student IN c1 LOOP IF v_student.class='Working'
THEN IF v_student.Oracle<50 THEN grade:='FAIL';

ELSE grade:='PASS';

END IF;

elsif v_student.class='Student' THEN IF

v_student.Oracle>=80 THEN grade:='HONOURS';

elsif v_student.Oracle>=60 THEN grade:='A';

elsif v_student.Oracle>=50 THEN grade:='B';

elsif v_student.Oracle>=40 THEN grade:='C';

 ELSE grade:='B';

END IF;

END IF;

INSERT INTO oracle_result

VALUES(v_student.Roll_no,
v_student.Oracle,
v_student.Oracle,
grade);

END LOOP;

END;

2. The CUSTOMER table of a state electricity board consists of the following fields:-

Meter Number Varchar2 4

Meter Type Character 1
Previous Reading Number 5
Current Reading Number 5
Customer Type Character 1
Last Bill payment Character 1 (values could be ?Y? or ?N?)

There are two types of meters viz. 3- phase or 1-phase coded as ?T? or ?S? respectively.
There are 4 types
of customers viz. Agricultural Industrial, Commercial and Residential with coeds ?A? , ?I?, ?
C? and ?R?
respectively.
Formulae:-

Units used = Current Reading ? Previous Reading

Rate =Rs.1/ 1.25/ 1.50/ 1.30 for A/I/C/R respectively.
Amount = rate*units used
Surcharge = 5% for single phase
10% for 3 phase
Excise = 30% of (amount +Surcharge)
Net = Amount +Surcharge + Excise

Write a block to calculate the bill for each customer. The program should insert the Meter
no., Units
used, Rate, Amount, Surcharge, Excise duty and Net for each customer into some other
suitable table.
Also, at the end, it should insert the total Amount, Surcharge, Excise and Net into some other
table.

TABLES

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER ( "Meter Number" Varchar2(4),

"Meter Type" Character(1), "Previous Reading"
Number(5), "Current Reading" Number(5), "Customer
Type" Character(1), "Last Bill payment" Character(1)
check("Last Bill payment"='Y'
OR "Last Bill payment"='N') ) --insert dummy data
into table customer
--Mete M Previous Reading Current Reading C
L
--1000 S 3000 5000 A Y
--1001 T 3000 5000 R Y
--1002 S 4000 2000 R Y

CREATE TABLE bill ( "Meter Number" Varchar2(4)

PRIMARY KEY, units number, rate number, amount
number, surcharge number, Excise number, Net number )
Procedure

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE calculatebill AS

v_customer customer%rowtype;
 v_bill bill%rowtype;

CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT *
FROM customer;

rate number(3,2);

units number;

amount number;

surcharge number;

Excise number;

Net number;

BEGIN
DELETE
FROM bill;

FOR v_customer IN c1 LOOP

SELECT decode(v_customer."Customer
Type",'A',1,'I',1.25,'C',1.50,'R',1.30) INTO rate
FROM dual;
SELECT decode(v_customer."Meter Type",'T',10,'S',5)
INTO surcharge
FROM dual;

units:=v_customer."Current Reading"-
v_customer."Previous Reading";

amount:=rate*units;

surcharge:=surcharge*amount;

Excise:=(amount +Surcharge)*30/100;

Net:= Amount +Surcharge + Excise;

INSERT INTO bill

VALUES(v_customer."Meter Number",
units,
rate,
amount,
surcharge,
Excise,
Net);

END LOOP;

END;

/
OUTPUT

--Compile:

ALTER PROCEDURE calculatebill compile;

--Call:
EXEC calculatebill

3. A table consists of the following fields:-

Invoice Number Varchar2 4

Invoice Date Date
Customer Code Number 1
Product Code Number 1
Quantity Sold Number 3

There are ten customers with codes 0 to 9 and five products with codes 0 to 4. The rates of
products are
Rs. 15, 35, 42, 51 and 60 respectively. Write a program to find the total purchase in Rs. of
each
customer and total sale of each product using this table and insert these values in two other
tables.

TABLES

CREATE TABLE corder ( "Invoice Number " Varchar2(4),

"Invoice Date " Date, "Customer Code " Number(1),
"Product Code " Number(1), "Quantity Sold " Number(3)
) --Insert dummy data:-
--Invo Invoice Customer Code Product Code
Quantity Sold
--rj24 31-MAR-12 2 0 3
--rj24 31-MAR-12 2 1 3
--rj24 31-MAR-12 2 2 3

CREATE TABLE totalpurchase ( "Customer Code "

Number(1), ?Total Purchase? Number )
CREATE TABLE totalsale ( "Product Code " Number(1), ?
Total Sale? Number )
Procedure

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE find_sale_purchase AS

CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT distinct("Customer Code ")
FROM corder;

CURSOR c2(v_ccode number) IS

SELECT *
FROM corder
WHERE "Customer Code "=v_ccode;

CURSOR c3 IS
SELECT distinct("Product Code ")
FROM corder;

CURSOR c4(v_pcode number) IS

SELECT *
FROM corder
WHERE "Product Code "=v_pcode;

rs number;

TOTAL_PURCHASE number:=0;
 TOTAL_SALE number:=0;

BEGIN
DELETE
FROM totalpurchase;

DELETE
FROM totalsale;

FOR i IN c1 LOOP
FOR j IN c2(i."Customer Code ") LOOP
SELECT decode(j."Product Code
",0,15,1,35,2,42,3,51,4,60,0) INTO rs
FROM dual;

rs:=rs*j."Quantity Sold ";

TOTAL_PURCHASE:=TOTAL_PURCHASE+rs;

END LOOP;

INSERT INTO totalpurchase

VALUES(i."Customer Code ",
TOTAL_PURCHASE);

END LOOP;
 rs:=0;

FOR i IN c3 LOOP
FOR j IN c4(i."Product Code ") LOOP
SELECT decode(j."Product Code
",0,15,1,35,2,42,3,51,4,60,0) INTO rs
FROM dual;

rs:=rs*j."Quantity Sold ";

TOTAL_SALE:=TOTAL_SALE+rs;

END LOOP;

INSERT INTO totalsale

VALUES(i."Product Code ",
TOTAL_SALE);

END LOOP;

END;

OUTPUT

EXEC find_sale_purchase;
SELECT *
FROM totalsale;

--Product Code Total Sale

--1 105
--2 231
--0 276

SELECT *
FROM totalpurchase;

--Customer Code Total Purchase

--2 276

4. Create a table EMPLOYEE with the following columns:-

Employee No. Varchar2 4

Employee Name Varchar2 30
Designation Varchar2 10
Category Character 1
Basic Salary Number 4

Category may be ?J?, ?S?, or ?W? for Jr. officers, Sr. officers or Worker category.

Formulae:-

DA = 35% of Basic Salary correct up to paise.

HRA = 15% of Basic Salary subject to a maximum of Rs. 250/1000/30000 for categories
W/J/S
respectively.
Gross = Basic Salary +DA +HRA

 Output the Employee Number and the Gross for each employee in a separate table.

TABLES

CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE ( "Employee No " Varchar2 (4),

"Employee Name" Varchar2 (30), Designation Varchar2
(10), Category Character (1), "Basic Salary " Number
(4) ) --Insert dummy data:-
--Empl Employee Name DESIGNATIO C Basic
Salary
--1000 rakesh Sr.off s 3000
--1001 peeyoosh Sr.off s 4000
--1002 malik Jr.off s 5000

CREATE TABLE employee_gross

CREATE TABLE gross ( "Employee No " Varchar2 (4),
"Gross Salary " Number (4) )

PROCEDURE

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE gross AS

CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT *
FROM employee;

emp_record employee%rowtype;

da number(20,2);

hra number(20,2);

gross number(20,2);

BEGIN
DELETE
FROM employee_gross;
FOR emp_record IN c1 LOOP da:=emp_record."Basic
Salary "*35/100;

hra:=emp_record."Basic Salary "*15/100;

IF emp_record.Category='j'
AND hra>250 THEN hra:=250;

elsif emp_record.Category='s'
AND hra>1000 THEN hra:=1000;

elsif emp_record.Category='w'
AND hra>30000 THEN hra:=30000;

ELSE hra:=0;

END IF;

gross:=emp_record."Basic Salary "+da+hra;

INSERT INTO employee_gross

VALUES(emp_record."Employee No ",
gross);

END LOOP;

END;

/
Output

EXEC gross;

--Empl Gross Salary

--1000 4050
--1001 5400
--1002 6750

Exercise 6

1. The median of an array of numbers is the element m of the array such that half the
remaining numbers in the array are greater than
or equal to m and half are less than or equal to m, if the number of elements in the array is
odd. If the number of elements is even,
the median is the average of the two elements m1 and m2 such that half the remaining
elements are greater than or equal to m1
and m2, and half the elements are less than or equal to m1 and m2. Write a PL*SQL block
that allows the user to enter 10
elements in a number array and outputs the median of the numbers in the array. Write another
PL*SQL block that allows the user
to enter 11 elements in a number array and outputs the median of the numbers in the array.
Display the outputs on the screen
using dbms_output.put_line.

2. The mode of an array of numbers is the number m in the array that is repeated most
frequently. If more than 1 number is repeated
with equal maximum frequencies, there is no mode. Write a PL*SQL block that allows the
user to enter 10 elements in a number
array and outputs the mode or indication that the mode does not exist. Display the above
output on the screen using
dbms_output.put_line.

3. Write a PL*SQL program to do the following:-

 Read a group of 10 temperature readings into two number arrays. A reading consists of two
numbers:- an integer between ?90 and
90, representing the latitude at which the reading was taken, and the observed temperature at
that latitude. Print a table (display
on screen in tabular format) consisting of each latitude and the average temperature at that
latitude. If there are no 2 sets of
readings at a particular latitude, print ?NO DATA? instead of an average. Then print the
average temperature in the northern and
southern hemispheres (the northern consists of latitudes 1 through 90 and the southern
consists of latitudes ?1 through ?90). (This
average temperature should be computed as the average of the averages, not the average of
the original readings). Also determine
which hemisphere is warmer. In making the determination, take the average temperatures in
all latitudes of each hemisphere for
which there are data for both that latitude and the corresponding latitude in the other
hemisphere. (For example, if there is data
for latitude 57 but not for latitude ?57, then the average temperature for latitude 57 should be
ignored in determining which
hemisphere is warmer). Display the above output on the screen using dbms_output.put_line.

4. Write a PL*SQL block to accept a number from the user. With the help of PL*SQL arrays,
write a program for Number to word
conversion up to 99 crores. The program should cater to Rs. and paise also.

 For example, if the user enters:-

 123451250.75

 The output of your program should be:-

Rs. Twelve crores, Thirty Four lakhs, Fifty One thousand, Two hundred and Fifty

and Seventy five paise only.

 If the user enters:-

 9728
 The output of your program should be:-
 Rs. Nine thousand, Seven hundred and Twenty Eight only.

5. Write a PL*SQL block to accept a character string from the user. The user should enter a
number spelt out. With the help of
PL*SQL arrays, write a program for Word to number conversion up to 99 crores. The
program should cater to Rs. and paise also.

For example, if the user enters:-

Rs. Twelve crores, Thirty Four lakhs, Fifty One thousand, Two hundred and Fifty
and Seventy five paise only.

 The output of your program should be:-

 123451250.75
 If the user enters:-

 Rs. Nine thousand, Seven hundred and Twenty Eight only.

 The output of your program should be:-
 9728
\

Exercise 7

1. Write a PL*SQL block that prompts the user to enter the salary of an employee. Your
program should
display the name of the employee (from the EMP table) who?s getting that salary. If more
than 1
employee is receiving that salary, or if no employees exist getting that salary, your program
should
display appropriate messages. Use too_many_rows and no_data_found exceptions to achieve
this.
Display the results on the screen using dbms_output.put_line.

TABLE

CREATE TABLE emp ( enpno varchar(4), empname

varchar(30), designation varchar2(10), category
char(1), basicsalary number(4), joined date )

EXCEPTION CODE

DECLARE mysal number;

sal NUMBER:=&salary;

BEGIN
SELECT basicsalary INTO mysal
FROM emp
WHERE basicsalary =sal;
 exception WHEN too_many_rows THEN
dbms_output.put_line('too many data found in result
can''t handel ');

WHEN no_data_found THEN dbms_output.put_line('no

data found for your query');

END;

2. Write a PL*SQL block to check if any employee from EMP table is receiving a salary
greater than
9999.99. Make the use of value_error exception to achieve this. Display the results on the
screen using
dbms_output.put_line.

EXCEPTION CODE

DECLARE mysal number;

sal NUMBER:=&salary;

BEGIN
INSERT INTO emp
VALUES('1003',
'kumar',
'sr.off',
's',
sal,
sysdate);

exception WHEN value_error THEN

dbms_output.put_line('salary is limited to 4 digits
only');
 WHEN others THEN dbms_output.put_line('un identified
error occured');

END;

3. Create a user-defined exception by the name of exp_check. Select the ename and hiredate
of all
employees into a cursor. Your program should calculate the experience of all the employees
in years,
and insert the ename and experience of each employee into tempp table. If any employee has
experience
less than 2 years, the program should be aborted with a suitable message. Raise the user-
defined
exception exp_check to achieve this. Display the results on the screen using
dbms_output.put_line.

EXCEPTION CODE

DECLARE exp_check exception;

CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT empname,
joined
FROM emp;

BEGIN
FOR i IN c1 LOOP
if(trunc(months_between(sysdate,i.joined)/12)<2) THEN
RAISE exp_check;

ELSE
INSERT INTO tempp2
VALUES(i.empname,
trunc(months_between(sysdate,i.joined)/12));

END IF;

END LOOP;

exception WHEN exp_check THEN

dbms_output.put_line('experiance is less then 2 years
not allowed');

WHEN others THEN dbms_output.put_line('un identified

error occured');

END;

4. Write a PL*SQL function to take three parameters, the sides of a triangle. The sides of the
triangle
should be accepted from the user. The function should return a Boolean value:- true if the
triangle is
valid, false otherwise. A triangle is valid if the length of each side is less than the sum of the
lengths of
the other two sides. Check if the dimensions entered by the user can form a valid triangle.
Display the
results on the screen using dbms_output.put_line.

EXCEPTION CODE

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION triangle(a number,b

number,c number) RETURN boolean AS invalid_triangle
exception;

BEGIN IF NOT (a+b>=c

AND b+c>=a
 AND c+a>=b) THEN RAISE
invalid_triangle;

ELSE RETURN TRUE;

END IF;

exception WHEN invalid_triangle THEN

dbms_output.put_line('xxxxxx- invalid triangle
-xxxxxxxxxx');

RETURN FALSE;

WHEN others THEN dbms_output.put_line('un identified

error occured');

END;

CALLING-CODE

DECLARE a number:=&side1;

b number:=&side2;

c number:=&side3;

x boolean;

BEGIN x:=triangle(a,b,c);
 END /

Enter value
FOR side1: 2 OLD 2: a number:=&side1;

NEW 2: a number:=2;

Enter value
FOR side2: 3 OLD 3: b number:=&side2;

NEW 3: b number:=3;

Enter value
FOR side3: 5 OLD 4: c number:=&side3;

NEW 4: c number:=5;

5. Write a function that generates a random number between 1 and 10. Use any logic of your
choice to
achieve this. Display the results on the screen using dbms_output.put_line.

RANDOM METHOD

DECLARE x number;

BEGIN
SELECT trunc(dbms_random.value(1,10)) INTO x
FROM dual;

dbms_output.put_line(x);

END;
 /

CREATING-RANDOM -NO

DECLARE seed number:=&number;

BEGIN IF seed=0 THEN seed :=

EXP(TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'ss'))/59);

END IF;

seed := 1/(seed - TRUNC(seed));

seed := seed - TRUNC(seed);

dbms_output.put_line(seed);

END;

CALLING-CODE

DECLARE seed number;

n number:=&number;

BEGIN seed :=
EXP(TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'ss'))/59)-1;

seed := 1/(seed - TRUNC(seed));

 seed := seed - TRUNC(seed);

n:=trunc(n/10)-1;

dbms_output.put_line(trunc(seed,n)*power(10,n));

END;

6. Design a structure to store length in yards, feet, and inches (for example, 7 yards, 2 feet, 3
inches). Your
program should accept 2 length measurements from the user. Write a PL*SQL procedure to
find the
difference between two measurements as represented by these structures. Display the results
on the
screen using dbms_output.put_line.

ANONYMS-PROGRAM

DECLARE y number:=&yard;

f number:=&feet;

i number:=&inch;

y2 number:=&yard2;

f2 number:=&feet2;

i2 number:=&inch2;

BEGIN i:=y*3*12+f*12+i;
 i2:=y2*3*12+f2*12+i2;

i:=i-i2;

y:=trunc(i/(3*12));

i:=mod(i,(3*12));

f:=trunc(i/(12));

i:=mod(i,12);

dbms_output.put_line('yard: '||y||' foot: '||f||'

inch: '||i);

END;

7. Create a function that accepts a string of n characters and exchanges the first character with
the last, the
second with the next ? to ? last, and so forth until n exchanges have been made. What will the
final
string look like? Write the function to verify your conclusion. Display the results on the
screen using
dbms_output.put_line.

FUNCTION

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION revstr(st IN OUT varchar2)

RETURN boolean AS len number:=length(st);

BEGIN
FOR j IN 1..len LOOP st:=st||substr(st,len-j,1);
 END LOOP;

st:=substr(st,len);

len:=length(st);

st:=substr(st,1,len-1);

dbms_output.put_line('reverse string is '||st);

RETURN TRUE;

END;

CALLING-CODE

DECLARE k boolean;

val varchar2(50):='rakesh kumar';

BEGIN k:=revstr(val);

END;

Exercise 8

1. Write a stored procedure by the name of Comp_intr to calculate the amount of interest on a
bank
account that compounds interest yearly. The formula is:-

 I = p (1+ r/100) y ? p

where:-

 I is the total interest earned.

 p is the principal.
 r is the rate of interest as a decimal less than 1, and
 y is the number of years the money is earning interest.

Your stored procedure should accept the values of p, r and y as parameters and insert the
Interest and
Total amount into tempp table.

PROCEDURE

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE COMP_INTR (P IN NUMBER,R

IN NUMBER,Y IN NUMBER) AS I NUMBER(6,2);

BEGIN I:=P*POWER(1+R,Y)-P;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(I);

END;

CALLING -PROCEDURE

BEGIN comp_intr(1600,9,4);

END;

OR EXEC comp_intr(1600,9,4);
2. Create a stored function by the name of Age_calc. Your stored function should accept the
date of birth
of a person as a parameter. The stored function should calculate the age of the person in
years, months
and days e.g. 35 years, 3 months, 17 days. The stored function should return the age in years
directly
(with the help of Return statement). The months and days are to be returned indirectly in the
form of
OUT parameters. Write a PL*SQL block to accept the date of birth of an employee from the
user, call
the stored function, and display the age of the employee on the screen. Display the above
results on the
screen using dbms_output.put_line.

FUNCTION

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION age_calc(dat IN date,d OUT

number,m OUT number) RETURN number AS y number;

BEGIN d:=sysdate-dat;

y:=d/365;

y:=trunc(y);

m:=(d-y*365)/30;

M:=trunc(m);

d:=trunc(d-y*365-m*30);

RETURN y;

END;

/
CALLING -PROCEDURE

DECLARE D varchar2(20):='r';

P1 NUMBER:=&day_of_birts;

P2 NUMBER:=&month_of_birth;

P3 NUMBER:=&year_of_birth;

BEGIN D:=to_char(p1)||'-'||to_char(p2)||'-'||
to_char(p3);

P1:=AGE_CALC(to_date(d,'dd-mm-yyyy'),P2,P3);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('DAYS: '||P2||' MONTHS: '||

P3||' YEARS: '||P1);

END;

3. Create a package by the name of Payroll_calc. The package should contain separate
procedures for DA,
HRA, Gross, Tax and Net calculation.

Formulae:-

DA = 10% of Sal for Managers and 5% of Sal for others.

HRA = 20% of Sal for employees of department 10 and 7% of Sal for employees of other
departments.
Gross = Sal + DA + HRA.

If Gross exceeds 4000, Tax is to be deducted at 5% of the amount exceeding 4000. If Gross
exceeds
5000, Tax is to be deducted at 5% of the amount exceeding 4000 and an additional of 2% of
the amount
exceeding 5000.

Net = Gross ? Tax.

Write a PL*SQL block that calls the procedures from the above package. The PL*SQL block
should
print the Pay slips for all the employees. The format of the Pay slip should be as follows:-

 ******************************************************************

 Name:- KING Designation:- PRESIDENT Dept:- ACCOUNTING

 Sal:- xxx DA:- xxx HRA:- xxx Gross:- xxx Tax:- xxx Net:- xxx

 ******************************************************************

Exercise 9

Create the following 3 tables and insert sample data as shown:-

 Ord_mst
Ord_no  Cust_cd  Status
1  C1  P

Ord_dtl
Ord_no  Prod_cd  Qty
1  P1  100
1  P2  200

Prod_mst
Prod_cd  Prod_name  Qty_in_stock  Booked_qty
P1  Floppies  10000  1000
P2  Printers  5000  600
P3  Modems  3000  200

1. Write a Before Insert trigger on Ord_dtl. Anytime a row is inserted in Ord_dtl, the
Booked_qty in Prod_mst
should be increased accordingly.

TABLES

CREATE TABLE Ord_mst ( Ord_no number, Cust_cd

varchar(2), Status varchar(1) ) ;
CREATE TABLE Ord_dtl ( Ord_no number, Prod_cd
varchar(2), Qty number(3) ) ;
CREATE TABLE Prod_mst ( Prod_cd varchar(2), Prod_name
varchar(20), Qty_in_stock number, Booked_qty
number );

TRIGGER

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER Ord_dtl_1

BEFORE
INSERT ON Ord_dtl
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
UPDATE Prod_mst
SET Booked_qty=Booked_qty-:new.Qty
WHERE Prod_cd=:new.Prod_cd; dbms_output.put_line();
END;

OUTPUT

SQL>
INSERT INTO Ord_dtl
VALUES(1,
'P1',
50);

SQL>
SELECT *
FROM ord_dtl;

--ORD_NO PR QTY
--1 P1 100
--1 P2 200
--1 P1 50
 SQL>
SELECT *
FROM prod_mst;

--PR PROD_NAME QTY_IN_STOCK BOOKED_QTY

--P1 Floppies 10000 1050
--P2 Printers 5000 600
--P3 Modems 3000 200

2. Write a Before Delete trigger on Ord_dtl. Anytime a row is deleted from Ord_dtl, the
Booked_qty in
Prod_mst should be decreased accordingly.

TRIGGER

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ORD_DTL_2

BEFORE
DELETE ON ORD_DTL
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
UPDATE Prod_mst
SET Booked_qty=Booked_qty-:old.Qty
WHERE Prod_cd=:old.Prod_cd;
dbms_output.put_line('data deleted and updated in
prod_mst table'); END;

OUTPUT

SQL>
DELETE
FROM ord_dtl
WHERE qty=50;

--PR PROD_NAME QTY_IN_STOCK BOOKED_QTY

--P1 Floppies 10000 1000
 --P2 Printers 5000 600
--P3 Modems 3000 200

3. Write a Before Update of Prod_cd, Qty trigger on Ord_dtl. Anytime the Prod_cd or Qty is
updated, the
Booked_qty in Prod_mst should be increased/decreased accordingly.

TRIGGER

CREATE TRIGGER Prod_cd_3

BEFORE
UPDATE ON ord_dtl
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
UPDATE prod_mst
SET booked_qty=booked_qty-:old.qty+:new.qty,

prod_cd=:new.prod_cd
WHERE prod_cd=:old.prod_cd; END;

FIRST UPDATE

SQL>
SELECT *
FROM ord_dtl;

--ORD_NO PR QTY
--1 P1 100
--1 P2 200
SQL>
SELECT *
FROM prod_mst;

--PR PROD_NAME QTY_IN_STOCK BOOKED_QTY

--P1 Floppies 10000 1000
 --P2 Printers 5000 600
--P3 Modems 3000 200
SQL>
UPDATE ord_dtl
SET qty=300
WHERE prod_cd='P1';

--1 row updated.

SQL>
SELECT *
FROM ord_dtl;

--ORD_NO PR QTY
--1 P1 300
--1 P2 200
SQL>
SELECT *
FROM prod_mst;

--PR PROD_NAME QTY_IN_STOCK BOOKED_QTY

--P1 Floppies 10000 1200
--P2 Printers 5000 600
--P3 Modems 3000 200

SECOND UPDATE

SQL>
UPDATE ord_dtl
SET prod_cd='P3',
qty=300
WHERE prod_cd='P1';
 --1 row updated.
SQL>
SELECT *
FROM prod_mst;

--PR PROD_NAME QTY_IN_STOCK BOOKED_QTY

--P1 Floppies 10000 1200
--P2 Printers 5000 600
--P3 Modems 3000 200

4. Write a Before Update of Status trigger on Ord_mst. If the Status is updated from P
(Pending) to D
(Delivered), the Booked_qty and Qty_in_stock from Prod_mst should be decreased
accordingly. If the
Status is updated from P (Pending) to C (Cancelled), the details of the order should be deleted
from Ord_dtl
and corresponding Booked_qty from Prod_mst should be decreased accordingly. (The Before
delete trigger
on Ord_dtl would automatically decrease the Booked_qty from Prod_mst).

TRIGGER

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ORD_MST_1

BEFORE
UPDATE ON ORD_MST
FOR EACH ROW DECLARE --DECLARE IS NECESSARY

CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT *
FROM Ord_dtl
WHERE Ord_no=:old.Ord_no; BEGIN IF :NEW.STATUS='c'
OR :NEW.STATUS='C' THEN
DELETE
 FROM ORD_DTL WHERE ORD_NO=:OLD.ORD_NO; END IF; IF
(:NEW.STATUS='d')
OR (:NEW.STATUS='D') THEN
FOR i IN c1 LOOP
UPDATE PROD_MST
SET QTY_IN_STOCK=(QTY_IN_STOCK- i.QTY),
booked_QTY=(booked_QTY-i.QTY) WHERE
Prod_cd=i.Prod_cd; dbms_output.put_line('updated as
cancel in prod_mst'); END LOOP; END IF; END; /

OUTPUT

OPERATION 1: SQL>
UPDATE ord_mst
SET status='c';

--data deleted and updated in prod_mst table //shows

two rows --deleted of ord_mst
--data deleted and updated in prod_mst table
OPERATION 2: SQL>
UPDATE ord_mst
SET status='d';

--updated as cancel in prod_mst

Posted 31st July 2015 by rksuthar
6