Unit 3:

Module 9 The Cry of Balintawak or Cry of Pugad Lawin

Specific Objectives:
Discuss the Different Arguments on the claims with regards to the Venue and the Date of the Historical Events
before the start Filipino-Spanish War.
Examine which of the Primary Sources were considered reliable.
Analyze the Similarities and Differences of the Primary Sources base on Individual, Persons, Original documents
or Secondary Sources like Articles , Books, Manuscript etc.

Introduction:

The first accepted venue and date was “ Balintawak “ dated August 26, 1896.It was 1963 that was
changed to “Pugad Lawin” on August 23, 1896 through the issuance of President Diosdado Macapagal of
Proclamation No. 149 Series of 1963, Ambeth Ocampo even enumerated five dufferent places like
Balintawak, Pugad Lawin, Kangkong, Bahay Toro, and Pasong Tamo in five different dates like 20, 23,
24,25,26 of August 1896.
The August 26 in Balintawak and August 23 of Pugad Lawin happened to be the two (2) most famous
version because of the reputation of the historians who wrote in according to their sources. The
Balintawak written by Gregorio Zaide and Pugad Lawin by Teodoro Agoncillo from the memoirs of Emilio
Aguinaldo supporting Balintawak as the place of the “cry” but the date was August 24.

Self-Assessment-Questions (SAQ)
What does “ Cry” means ?
Where in the Philippines those places can be found , Look at the older
Political Map.
Where do you think was the historic “cry” occurred.
Which of following Books and Accounts can support the century old
controversies in the history.
7. Do you think historians made biases on their written primary source documents?

Input
MAJOR REFERENCES

 Renato Constantino ,” The Philippines” A Past Revisited

 Teodoro Agoncillo , “ Revolt of the Masses” ( 1956 )

 Gregorio Zaide , “ History of the Filipino People( 2002)

  Blaire and Robertson , “ The Philippine Island “ Narration

 Herminigildo Cruz , “ Kartilyang Makabayan (1922)

 Accounts of Guillermo Masangkay ( writtem by Quirino 1995)

 Memoirs of Emilio Aguinaldo ( 1964) ( Notice from the Memoirs that Aguinaldo mentioned the
place “ Balintawak” twice.

 Accounts of Lt. Olegario Diaz ( Spanish Guardia Civil Supporting Balintawak)

Turn In your answer in our Google Classroom

Activity No. 1A
Direction: Create a table providing Similarities and Differences of different accounts and versions of
the historic “cry” ?
Account / Versions of Similarities Differences
Chronological Events
cry in balintawak august 25, This is the act of revolt of our fellow The venue and date
1896/olegario diaz citizen, tearing cedula

cry in pugad lawin august tearing of cedula, the venue and date
23,1896/pio valenzuela

cry in bahay toro , quezon city august Tearing of cedula, 500 men that he stated that he walked in muddy
24 , 1896/Santiago alvarez night meadow/ The venue and the date /

kangkong balintwak last week of Tearing of cedula The venue and the date
august/Teodoro kalaw

Activity No. 1B
Direction: Research an old map to trace the places where Ambeth Ocampo
enumerated those possible place where the “cry” occurred. Make an
analysis why historian and different accounts wrote different
versions.
 DIFFERENT DATES AND PLACES OF CRY
Person Place Date
L.T. Olegario Diaz Balintawak August 25, 1896
Teodoro Kalaw Kangkong, Balintawak Last week of August
Santiago Alvarez Bahay Toro, Quezon City August 24, 1896
Pio Valenzuela Pugad Lawin August 23, 1896
Gregorio Zaide Balintawak August 26, 1896
Teodoro Agoncillo (acc. to statements of Valenzuela) Pugad Lawin August 23, 1896

Research (Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion, Ramon Villegas)

Tandang Sora's barn in Gulod, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City
August 24, 1896

Activity 2: Examine the which Historical Sources are more reliable?

Category 1 point 2 points 3 points Score

Accuracy Some Most of All

information is information is information
accurate, but accurate, but given is
much is not. some is not. accurate
Neatness Some of the Most of the work is All work is neatly
work is neat, neat, but some is done.
but much is not.
not.
Direction Some directions Most directions All directions
were were were
followed, but followed, but not carefully
not all. all. followed.
Organization Some of the Most of the All of the
contents are contents are well contents are
well-organized. organized. well organized.
Comments: Total Score

OTHER REFERENCES
 https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/ateneo-de-davao-university/philippine-history/lecture-
notes/cry-of-balintawak-or-pugad-lawin/8599383/view

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cry_of_Pugad_Lawin

https://www.vigattintourism.com/tourism/articles/Cry-of-Pugad-Lawin-Monument-The-
Beginning-of-the-Philippine-Revolution

https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/balintawak-the-cry-for-a-nationwide-
revolution/

See more videos in YOU TUBE

IMPORTANT PHOTOS AND DOCUMENTS

 Arguments Favoring The Pugad Lawin Version

Teodoro Agoncillo
The Agoncillo’s book entitled “Revolt of the Masses” (1956), it is written:
 “It was in Pugad Lawin, Where they proceeded upon leaving Samson’s place in
the afternoon of the 22nd, that the more than 1,000 members of the Katipunan
met in the yard of Juan A. Ramos, son of Malchora Aquino. In the morning in
the August 23rd. Considerable discussion arose whether the revolt against the
Spanish government should be started on the 29 th. Only one man protested.
But he was overruled in his stand. Bonifacio then announced the decision and
shouted:” brothers, it was agreed to continue with the plan of revolt. My
brothers, do you swear to repudiate the government that oppresses us?” And
the rebels shouting, as one man replied:”Yes,sir!” “that being the
case,”Bonifacio added,”bring out your cedulas and tear them to pieces to
symbolize our determination to take arms!”….Amidst the ceremony, the
rebels,tear-stained eyes,shouted:”long live the Philippines!long live the
Guillermo Masangkay’s Account
Qurino (1995) provides account of Guillermo Masangkay on what transpired
on the historic “cry”. The account supports the Pugadlawin version but the
date was August 24 and not August 23 or August 26. Below is the Account:
“ In August 1896, after the Katipunan was discovered, Masangkay joined
Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, and others in a clandestine meeting held on the 24 th of
that month at apolonio Samson’s house in the Caloocan. Initially, the leaders of the
movement quarreled ober strategy and tactics, and many of its members
questioned the wisdom of an open rebellion due to the lack of arms and logistical
support. However, after Bonifacio’s intense and convincing speech, everyone
destroyed his cedulas to symbolize his defiance of mother Spain
and,together,raised the cry of”revolt”

Renato Constantino’s Book

In renato constantino’s Book entitled “the Philippines: A Past Revisited”,he
had similar accounts with Agoncillo & Guerero. The famous version of his “cry” is
read below:

“he summoned Katipunan leaders to a mass meeting which was held in

Pugadlawin,in the yard of a son of Melchora Aquino(Tandang Sora),Mother of the
Katipunan.
The meeting was a stormy one. Some believed it was premature to start the
Revolution, but after much discussion the decisiveness of Bonifacio and Jacinto
won the day. As a sign that they had broken all their ties with Spain and would
fight her domination to the last, the Katipuneros tore their cedulas (certificate of
 Arguments Favoring the Balintawak Version

Gregorio Zaide’s History of the Filipino People

In the book of Gregorio Zaide (2002),it is written:

“On August 26,Bonifacio raillied the Katipuneros to an emergency meeting in

Balintawak.
…Angered by raging debate among his men,Bonifacio thundered:”Brothers,you
know the tragic fate of our compatriots who fell into clutches of the Spaniards. We
are doomed men, we cannot return to our homes, for we would be arrested and
executed.now what shall we do?”
“fight’’ shouted the majority of the patriots.Bonifacio dramatically took his
cedula certificate(symbol of vassalage to spain),tore it to pieces and shouted”Long live
the Philippines!” following his example, the Katipuneros tore their cedula
certificates,echoing the cry’’

Memoirs of Emilio Aguinaldo (1964)

“noong ika-22 mg agosto 1896, ang sanggunian magdalo ay tumanggap ng isang
lihim sa sulat mula sa supremo Andres bonifacio, sa balintawak,na nagsasaag na
isang mahalgang pulong ang kanilang idaraos sa ikaw-24 ng nasabing buwan, at
lubhang kailangan na kami’y magpadala roon ng dalawang kinatawan o delegado sa
ngalan ng nasabing sanggunian. Ang pulong aniya’y itataon sa kaarawan ng
kapistahan ng san bartolome sa malabon tambobong”.
….nagkaroon kami ng pag-aalinlangan sa pagpapadala roon n gaming
kinatawan dahil sa kaselanan ng pagdaraanang mga pook at totoong
mahigpit at abut-abot ang panghuhuli ng mga guardian civil at veteran sa
mga naglalakad lalung-lalo na sa panghihinalang mga mason at katipunan.
Gayun pa man ay aming hinirang ay pinagkaisahang ipadalang tanging sugo
ang matapang na kapatid naming si G.domingo Orcollo,na pasasamahin ang
aking kapatid na Fraylista na si G.Crispulo Aguinaldo na may pangakong
magsisimba at makikipagsabog sa kapistahan sa San Bartolome. Sinapakat ko
rin an gaming Sugo na si G. D. Orcullo , na sabihin sa aking kapatid na siya’y
sasamang magsisimba at makikipamista,subali’t pagdating nila sa
kalookan,ay makatuloy sa kanyang talagang pakay ay paroroonan sa
Supremo Andres Bonifacio sa “Balintawak”.

Notice from the memoirs that Aguinaldo mentioned the place”Balintawak” twice.

Accounts of Lieutenat Olegario Diaz, Spanish Guardia Civil Supporting the

Balintawak Version
‘’On the 19th of august last (1896) the conspiracy was denounced and a great
number of imprisonments were made by this Corps. Bonifacio and those more
closely connected with him in his schemes, fled aghast to the neigboring pueblo
Caloocan and there remained in the house of the Capitan municipal (a native)
and in that of Capitan Pasado (also a native), the father-in-law of Andres
Bonifacio. On the 23rd Bonifacio set out for the barrio of Balintauac,followed by
some 200 inhabitants of Caloocan;on the 24 th they were combated by the civil
guard in the fields of the said pueblo and fled to their former hiding place.
“the supreme council convoked a large assembly to be held on the following day in
the said Barrio, to which gathered more than 500 members; there a discussion
took place concerning the steps which would have to be taken in view of the
failure of the conspiracy, and of the imprisonments which were being made.
Some, feeling repentant, desired to return to a legal status,submitting to the
Spanish authority but the president. Bonifacio protested, proposing immediate
rebellion both propositions were put to the vote, and as result, that of the
president gained by an immense majority; so much for the prestige of Andres
Bonifacio.

From the orders of Andres Bonifacio to the Katipunan members

Based from Hermenegildo Cruz (1922) book entitled ‘’Kartilyang Makabayan:
mga tanong at sagot ukol kay Andres Bonifacio at sa Kataas
taasan,Kagalanggalangan ng mga Katipunan ng mga Anak ng bayan” , he shared
the orders of Andres Bonifacio to the Katipunan members and it is read as:
Mga maginoong Namumumuno, Kasapi at mga Kapatid
“sa inyong lahat ipinatutungkol ang pahayag na ito. Totoong kinakailangan na sa
lalong medaling panahon at putulin natin ang walang pangalang panglulupig na
ginagawa sa mga anak ng bayan, na ngayo’y nagtitiis ng mabibigat na parusa at
pahirap sa mga bilangguan na sa dahilang ito’y mangyaring ipatanto ninyo sa
lahat ng mga kapatid na sa araw ng Sabado,ika 29 ng kasalukuyan ay puputok
ang paghihimagsik na pinagkasunduan natin, kaya’t kinakailangang sabay-sabay na
salakayin ang Maynila. Ang sino pa mang humadlang sa banal na adhikaing ito
ng bayan ay ipalalagay na taksil at kalaban,malibana na nga lamang kung
may sakit na dinaramdam o ang katawan’y maysala at sila’y pag-uusugin
alinsunod sa palantuntunang ating pinaiital-bundok ng Kalayaan, ika 28 ng
Agosto 1896- ANDRES BONIFACIO ‘’

Cruz added “lahat ng nakabatid ay nagsisunod. Kinabukasan nga ng

gabi,(29) ay nagkaroon na ng labanan sa buong paligid ng Maynila.
Nang ikaw 30 ng buang ito ay nagkaroon na ng mahigpit na labanan sa
Balintawak, sa San Juan Del Monte at sa iba pang pook.
 Notice from the orders of Bonifacio that the agreed revolution shall occur on
the 29th of the month. The plan was to attack Manila while Cruz mentioned that
several skirmishes in Balintawak , San Juan del Monte and other places happened.
Blair and Robertson’s “the Philippines Islands” Narration
The Narration Provides…
“On every ground, it seems probable that, had not Friar Gil and the Spanish
press of Manila been so insistent on giving great publicity to some Katipunan
engraving-stones, receipts for dues,etc, kept in hiding by the affiliated
employees of a Spanish newspaper, the revolt might never have come about
at all. Certainly no date was set for it, till the sudden arrests of August 19 and
20, 1896,sent Bonifacio and his companions fleeing to their fellow-workers in
bulacan , Manila,and Cavite provinces to rise in revolt in AUGUST 30”

The narration did not mention whether it happened in Balintawak,

Pugadlawin or Cavite, but the Planned revolt was to take place on August 30.

Prepared by: JUNE PATAG TUAZON, MAT

COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY FACULTY
URS MORONG CAMPUS,
ASSI. PROF. IV ,
BSE Major in HISTORY, MAT SOCIAL SCIENCE .
NOTE : If you wish to have the data or reference , please ask me to send you the lecture
on the major references.