Stratrev Review Center: Criminology Online Board Review
Stratrev Review Center: Criminology Online Board Review
What is CRIMINAL??
In its form , there are three(3) definitions, as follows:
What is JUSTICE??
This concerns to the obligations of the community to individuals, and requires fair disbursement of common
advantages and sharing of common burden.
What is System??
A combination of related elements that is functioning as a whole in order to achieve a single goal or
objective.
The machinery of the state or government which enforces the rules of conduct necessary to protect life and
property and to maintain peace and order.
The sum total of instrumentation which a society uses in the prevention and control of crime and
delinquency.
The Revised Penal Code took effect on January 1, 1932 (Art. 1, RPC).
TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIMINAL LAW
1. SUBSTANTIVE
-defines the elements that are necessary for an act to constitute as a crime and therefore punishable.
EX. 1. CRIMINAL LAW
2. CIVIL LAW
3. MERCANTILE LAW
2. PROCEDURAL
refers to a statute that provides procedures appropriate for the enforcement of the Substantive Criminal Law.
1. GENERAL- criminal law is binding on all person who lives and sojourn in the Philippines
2. TERRITORIALITY- criminal laws are applicable only of the crime is committed within Philippines territory.
EXEPTIONS
EXEPTIONS
Whenever a new statute dealing with crime establishes conditions more lenient or favorable to the
accused, it can be given a retroactive effect.
(1) where the new law is expressly made inapplicable to pending actions or existing causes of actions.
(2) Where the offender is a habitual delinquent/criminal under Art. 62 of the Revised Penal Code.
THE DIFFERENT NOMENCLATURES GIVEN TO THE PERSON WHO IS BEING PROCESSED UNDER THE
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM:
1. At the police stage, during investigation, he is referred to as the SUSPECT.
2. At the Prosecutors office, during the determination of probable cause or during the Preliminary Investigation,
he is referred to as the RESPONDENT.
3. At the trial of the case, when a case has been filed in Court, he is referred to as the ACCUSED.
4. Once the Court has determined that the accused is guilty beyond reasonable doubt as charged and the
judgement has been rendered, he is referred to as the CONVICT.
5. It is only upon undergoing all the process when the person has served the sentence when he can really be
considered as a CRIMINAL.
Every citizens or member of the group to which the injured party belongs may bring the accusations against a
suspected person.
Action supposed to be a combat between the parties. The supposed offender has the right to be confronted by
the accuser.
Judicial setup in the Philippines is Accusatorial in nature.
The concept of due process means that those who are accused of the crimes and those who are
processed through the Criminal Justice System must be given the basic rights guaranteed by the
Constitution.
Criminal due process requires that the accused be tried by an impartial and competent court in
accordance with the procedure prescribed by law and with proper observance of all the rights
accorded to him under the Constitution and applicable statute.
The Law Enforcement as the first pillar is considered to be the “initiator” or the “prime mover” of the Criminal
Justice System. It is considered as “the initiator of the actions” that other pillars must act upon to attain its goal or
objective.
Examples of police initiating action:
a. effecting an arrest
b. surveillance
c. crime investigation
The first pillar consists mainly of the Philippine National Police (PNP). The work of the PNP is the prevention and
control of crimes, enforcement of laws, and effecting the arrest of offenders, including the conduct of lawful searches
and seizures to gather necessary evidences so that a complaint may be filed with the Prosecutor’s Office.
On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized pursuant to Act
No. 70 of the Taft Commission. This has become the basis for the celebration of the anniversary of the Manila’s Finest
every January 9th.
1. ACT 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary”,
established on August 8, 1901.
CAPT. HENRY ALLEN – the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901
2. ACT 183 – enacted on July 13, 1901, created the Manila Police Department.
3. R.A. 4864 – otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966, enacted on August 8, 1966; created the Police Commission
(POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and professionalization of the local police forces under the
Office of the President; later POLCOM was renamed into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)
4. P.D. 765 – otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8, 1975; established the
Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the integrated
local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National Defense.
-transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of National Defense.
5. R.A. 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, enacted on
December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection,
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College.
6. R.A. 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998,
enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975.
7. RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum educational qualification for
appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12 August 2009.
“AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR COMPLYING WITH THE MINIMUM
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) AND ADJUSTING
THE PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE PERTINENT PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT
NO. 6975 AND REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8551 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”
the first Filipino chief of the Philippine Constabulary on December 17, 1917
the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1935
the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine Independence from the United
States of America in 1946
4. P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO
“The state shall establish and maintain one police force which shall be national in scope and civilian in
character…”
-headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Director General, appointed by the President and who shall serve a
term of office of four (4) years.
NATIONAL IN SCOPE
means that the PNP is a nationwide government organization whose jurisdiction covers the entire breadth of
the Philippine archipelago.
all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP are national government employees.
CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER
means that that the PNP is not a part of the military, although it retains some military attributes such as
discipline.
ORGANIZATION and COMPOSITION OF THE PNP
-shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two (2) deputy chiefs:
-Deputy Chief for Administration.
-Deputy Chief for Operations.
-the Chief PNP and the two (2) deputy chiefs shall be appointed by the President .
-no officer who is retirable within six (6) months shall be appointed Chief .
-the PNP shall be composed of a national office, regional offices, provincial offices, district offices, and city or
municipal stations.
MOTIVE
INSTRUMENTALITIES OPPORTUNITY
Basically, the role of the police in society is crime prevention which is the main goal of the CJS. They are the initiator
of CJS.
WHAT IS ARREST?
Arrest is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the commission of
an offense.
It is an order in writing issued in the name of the People of the Philippines, signed by a judge and directed to
a peace officer, commanding him to take a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for
the commission of an offense
Shall remain valid until the person to be arrested has been arrested or has surrendered
Arrest without warrant; when lawful. – A peace officer or a private person may, without a warrant, arrest a person:
(a) When, in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is attempting to commit
an offense;
(b) When an offense has just been committed and he has probable cause to believe based on personal knowledge of
facts or circumstances that the person to be arrested has committed it; and
(c) When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from a penal establishment or place where he is
serving final judgment or is temporarily confined while his case is pending, or has escaped while being transferred from
one confinement to another
It is an order in writing issued in the name of the people of the Philippines signed by the judge and directed to the
peace officer, commanding him to search for personal property and bring it before the court.
Criminal Investigation- it is the systematic method of inquiry that is more a science than an art. The logic of scientific
method must however, be supplemented by the investigator's initiative and resourcefulness. The sequences of the
investigation should be regarded by scientific, operating framework that requires improvising on the part of the
investigator.
The second pillar takes care of the investigation of the complaint. In the rural areas, the PNP may file the
complaint with the inferior courts (i.e. the Municipal Trial Courts or the Municipal Circuit Trial Courts). The judges of
these inferior courts act as quasi-prosecutors only for the purpose of the preliminary investigation. Once a prima
facie case has been determined, the complaint is forwarded to the City or Provincial Prosecutor’s Office which will
review the case. When the complaint has been approved for filing with the Regional Trial Court, a warrant of arrest for
the accused will be issued by the court once the information has been filled.
This is in consonance with the accused’s right to be informed of the nature and the cause of accusation
against him.
The prosecutor is the government officer, tasked to conduct the prosecution of criminal actions in court. The
Revised Rules of Court expressly provides that the prosecution has the direction and control of the case.
Although in the Municipal Trial Court or Municipal Circuit Trial Courts when the prosecutor is absent, the
offended party, any peace officer, or public officer charged with the enforcement of the law violated may prosecute the
case. But such authority shall cease upon actual intervention of the prosecutor r upon elevated to the RTC.
In all criminal prosecutions, the real offended party is the People of the Philippines, for a crime is an outrage
against, and its vindication is in favor of, the people in a sovereign state.
Solicitor General
The Office of the Solicitor General represents the Government of the Philippines, its agencies and
instrumentalities and its officials and agents in any litigation, proceeding, investigation or matter requiring the services
of lawyers. When authorized by the President or head of the office concerned, it shall also represent government owned
or controlled corporations.
It is an inquiry or proceeding for the purpose of determining whether there is sufficient ground to engender a well
founded belief that a crime has been committed and that the respondent is probably guilty thereof, and be held for trial
(Section 1, Rule 112, Rules of Court).
YES, it is a judicial proceedings where the prosecutor or investigator acts as a quasi- judicial officer
Since it is a judicial proceedings, the due process must be observed.
SUBPOENA
It is a process directed to a person requiring him to attend and to testify at the hearing or the trial of an
action, or at any investigation conducted under the law, or for the taking of his deposition (Section 1, Rule 23,
Rules of Courts).
INQUEST PROCEDURE
is an inquiry made by the duty prosecutor to determine the legality of the arrest made especially those arrests
made without a warrant.
WHAT ARE THE GUIDELINES TO SAFEGUARDS THE RIGHT OF AN ACCUSED WHO HAS BEEN ARRESTED
WITHOUT A WARRANT?
The arresting officer must bring the arrestee before the inquest fiscal to determine whether the person should
remain into custody and charged in court or if he should be release foe lack of evidence or for further
investigation
The third pillar of the CJS is the forum where the prosecution is given the opportunity to prove that there is a
strong evidence of guilt against the accused. It is also in the courts that the accused is given his “day in court” to
disprove the accusation against him.
The Constitutional presumption is the innocence of any person accused of a crime unless proved otherwise.
This means that the courts must determine the guilt of the accused – beyond reasonable doubt – based on the strength
of the evidence of the prosecution.
If there is any reasonable doubt that the accused committed the crime, he has to be acquitted. As the third
pillar, is said to be the centerpiece of the criminal justice system and its primary and most important function as a
component of the criminal justice system is to decide whether the accused is guilty or not guilty of the crime he is
accused of committing.
The Rules of Court, however, provides that the accused can be convicted of a lesser crime than the crime he
has been charged with in the information. But the elements of the lesser offense should be necessarily included in the
offense charged, and such lesser crime was proven by competent evidence.
WHAT IS JUDGE?
He is a public officer so named in his commission (written evidence of appointment) and appointed to preside
over and to administer the law in a court of justice.
COURT JUDGE
incoporeal entity single entity
composed of 1 or more judges indispensable part of the court
cannot exist w/o a judge can exist w/o a court
Original Jurisdiction: (a) all violations of city and Municipal ordinances, (b) all offenses punishable with
imprisonment not exceeding six (6) years irrespective of the amount of fine, (c) damage to property through criminal
negligence;
Original Jurisdiction: (a) those which carry the penalties exceeding six (6) years of imprisonment, (b) those not
covered by the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan.
3. Sandiganbayan
Original Jurisdiction: Violations of RA 3019 (Anti-graft and Corrupt Practices Act), RA 1379, ad Chapter II, Section 2
Title VII, f Book II of the RPC.
1. officials of the executive branch of the government occupying the positions of regional director and higher, otherwise
classified as Grade 27 and higher.
2. Phillipine Army and Air force colonels, naval captain and all officers of higher rank.
3. Officer Of the PNP (provincial director and those holding the rank of senior superintendent or higher
4. Court of Appeals.
headed by a Presiding Justice and composed of sixty-eight (68) Associate Justices.
has appellate jurisdiction over cases decided by the Regional Trial Courts.
It reviews not only the decisions and orders of the Regional Trial Courts nationwide, but also those of the
Court of Tax Appeals
5. Supreme Court
1. JUDICIAL POWER
Power to apply laws to case
2. JUDICIAL REVIEW
Power to contest the constitutionality of the law
3. JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE
Power from interference from other branches
What is JURISDICTION?
It is the authority of the court to hear and try a particular offense and to impose the punishment provided by
law.
Power to hear and decide cases of the general class to which the proceedings in question belong and is conferred by the
sovereign authority which organizes the court and defines its powers.
Means that the criminal action should be filed in the place where the crime was committed , except in those
cases provided for in ART. 2 of the RPC
VENUE JURISDICTION
Geographical area in which a court with jurisdiction Power of the court to decide a case on the merits
may hear to determine a case.
KINDS OF JURISDICTION
GENERAL – ALL CASES
LIMITED – FEW CASES
ORIGINAL – FIRST TIME
APPELATE – SECOND TIME
EXCLUSIVE – CANNOT BE HEARD BE OTHER COURTS
CONCURRENT – 2 OR MORE COURTS
ARRAIGNMENT
It is the stage where the issues are joined in criminal action and without which the proceedings cannot
advance further.
It is the stage of the proceedings whereby the accused shall be informed of his/her constitutional right to be
(officially) informed of the nature and the cause of the accusation against him and to ask him of his plea.
Arraignment is made:
a. In open court
b. By judge or clerk of court
c. By furnishing the accused with a copy of the complaint or information.
d. Reading it in the language known to him.
e. Asking him whether he pleads guilty or not guilty.
JUDGEMENT
It is the adjudication by the court that the accused is guilty or not of the offense charged and the imposition on
him of the proper penalty and civil liability, if any. It must be written in the official language, personally and
directly prepared by the judge and signed by him and shall contain clearly and distinctly a statement of the facts
and the law upon which is based.
PROMULGATION OF JUDGMENT
The judgment is promulgated by reading it in the presence of the accused and any judge of the court in which
it was rendered. However, if the conviction is for a light offense, the judgment may be pronounced in the presence
of his counsel or representative. When the judge is absent or outside the province or city, the judgment may be
promulgated by the clerk of court.
ACQUITTAL
It is a finding of not guilty based on the merits. Meaning, the accused is acquitted because the evidence does
not show that his guilt is beyond reasonable doubt.
APPEAL
Appeal is a statutory right granted to the accused or even the government in proper cases to seek remedy
before an Appellate Court for the annulment or reversal of an adverse decision or conviction rendered by the Trial
Court.
JUSTIFICATIONS OF PUNISHMENT
Retribution
During this period nearly all offenses that are now included in criminal codes as public crimes, were
considered private offenses for which the victims were allowed their redress through personal vengeance.
Expiation or Atonement
group aroused the condemnation of the whole group against the offending member.
Deterrence
It is commonly believed that punishment gives a lesson to the offender; that it shows other what would happen if they
violate the law
Protection
People believe that by putting the offender in prison, society is protected from his further criminal depredation.
Reformation
This is the latest justification of punishment. Under this theory, society can best be protected from crime if the
purpose of imprisonment is to reform or rehabilitate the prisoner
When a person is to be confined in a jail or prison, the officer responsible for his custody during confinement
shall have a mittimus or commitment order.
We should also know what are the difference between jail and prisons.
Davao Penal Colony – located in Davao Del Norte, the first penal settlement founded and organized under
Filipino administration. It was formally established on January 21, 1932 by virtue of Act No. 3732. Two sub-
colonies: Panabo and Kapalong
Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm – located in Occidental Mindoro. Established on September 26, 1954 by
virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 72.
It is the youngest colony of the bureau.
San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm – established in Southern Zamboanga on August 21, 1870 through a
royal decree promulgated in 1869. Considered the oldest penal facility in the country. Originally established
for persons convicted of political crimes. It was here in Dapitan Zamboanga where Dr. Jose Rizal was
incarcerated.
Leyte Regional Prison – situated in Abuyog, Southern Leyte, established a year after declaration of Martial
law in 1972.
Correctional Institution for Women – located at Mandaluyong City. Philippine Legislature passed Republic
Act 3579 in November 1929 which authorize the transfer of all women inmates from Old Bilibid Prison to
CIW. On February 14, 1931, the women prisoners were transferred from Old Bilibid Prison to the building
especially constructed to them. Its old name “Women’s Prison” was changed to “Correctional Institution for
Women”.
New Bilibid Prison – located in Muntinlupa, it was officially named New Bilibid Prison on January 22, 141.
a) Bukang Liwayway Camp – Houses minimum security prisons.(1,500)
b) Sampaguita Camp – Located the RDC for Medium security Unit and the Youth Rehabilitation
Center 16 to 21 yrs.
Iwahig Penal Colony – located at Palawan, established on November 16, 1904 by Governor Luke Wright.
CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS
1.Detention Prisoners
a.Persons held for security reasons
b.Persons held for investigation
c.Persons waiting for final judgment
d.Persons waiting for trial
NON-INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS
OTHER TERM USED TO PERTAIN NON-INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS ? COMMUNITY BASED
CORRECTION
PROBATION
It is a disposition under which a defendant, after conviction and sentence, is released subject to conditions
imposed by the court and to the supervision of a probation officer.
PAROLE
a procedure by which prisoners are selected for release on the basis of individual response and progress
within the correctional institution and a service by which they are provided with necessary control and
guidance as they serve the remainder of their sentence within the community.
PARDON
2 TYPES OF PARDON
I. ABSOLUTE PARDON
total extinction of criminal liability, bring back all civil and political rights.
II. CONDITIONAL PARDON
partial extinction of criminal liability
PD 1293 – the law “Creating a Katarungang Pambarangay Commission to Study The Feasibility of Resolving Disputes
at the Barangay Level”
- promulgated on 27 January 1978
PD 1508 – the law “Establishing a System of Amicably Settling Disputes at the Barangay Level”
RA 7160 – otherwise known as the “Local Government Code of 1991”
- provides for the REVISED KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY LAW
- enacted on 10 October 1991
LUPONG TAGAPAMAYAPA
MEMBERS:
CHAIRMAN – BARANGAY CAPTAIN
SECRETARY – BRGY. SECRETARY
PLUS 10 – 20 MEMBERS
Members of the Lupon shall be appointed by the Barangay Chairman.
The Lupon shall be constituted every three years.
A Lupon member shall serve for a period of three years.
PANGKAT TAGAPAGKASUNDO
1)
It shall be composed of three (3) members chosen from the members of the Lupon. They shall choose from
among the three of them the Pangkat Chairman and Pangkat Secretary
The members of the Pangkat shall be chosen by the parties of the dispute from among the Lupon members. In
case of disagreement, the Barangay Chairman shall draw lots.
NOTE: The amicable settlement shall have the force and effect of a final judgment of a court upon the expiration of ten
(10) days from the date of settlement.
----THANK YOU---
“ WORK HARD IN SILENCE, AND LET THE SUCCESS MAKE YOUR NOISE”
SOCIOLOGY OF CRIMES AND ETHICS
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
FETALVERO, JOHN CARLO , RCRIM
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21. What is a group of people having ethnic or cultural or religious characteristics in common?
A. COMMUNITY B. STATE
C BARANGAY D. NATION
22. It has primary jurisdiction over cases cognizable by the Sandiganbayan and, in the exercise of his primary jurisdiction, it may take over, at
any stage, from any investigatory agency of Government;
A. RTC B. SENATE
C. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN D. CTA
23. Preliminary Investigation is required to be conducted before the filing of the Complaint or Information for an offense where the penalty
prescribed by law is at
A. AT LEAST 4YRS, 2 MONTHS AND 1 DAY
B. AT LEAST 4 YRS, AND 2 DAYS
C. AT LEAST 10 YERS, 2 MONTHS AND 1 DAY
D. ANY OF THEM
24. Is said to be the centrepiece of the criminal justice system.
A. LAW ENFORCEMENT B. CORRECTION
C. PROSECUTION D COURT
25. The system of law enforcement, adjudication and correction that directly involves the apprehension, adjudication and rehabilitation
offenders who are criminally convicted of an offense.
A. REHABILITATION B. CRIMINAL JUSTICE
C. CORRECTION D. INTERACTION
26. What will happen to the arraignment if the accused appears to be sufferING from an unsound mental condition which effectively renders
him unable to fully understand to changes against him?
A. SUSPEND B. DISMISS
C. TERMINATE D. ABOLISH
27. They are referred to as the forgotten subject in the criminal justice system.
A. Accused B. Criminals
C. Victims D. Witnesses
28. Miranda warning was originated at____?
A. MIRANDA VS OHIO
B. MIRANDA VS PEOPLE OF THE PHIL.
C. MIRANDA VS ARIZONA
D. MIRANDA VS US
29. It carries the burden of proving the guilt of the accused in a formal proceeding.
A. POLICE B. PROSECUTION
C. COURT D. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
30. Supreme court is consist of how many chief justice?
A. 15 B. 10
C. 1 D. 5
31. It was formerly called as the Court of First Instance;
A. RTC B. MTC
C. CA D. SC
32. The release of a convicted offender under supervision and under certain restrictions and requirements after he has served a certain portion
of his sentence in a penal institution.
A. PROBATION B. AMNESTY
C. PARDON D. PAROLE
33. It is considered as the first probation law in the Philippines.
A. ACT 4221 B. PD 968
C. RA 9262 D. PD 620
34. What is the informal pillar of the CJS?
A. POLICE B. COURT
C. COMMUNITY D. CORRECTION
35. THe first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901.
A. CAPT MACONONOCHI B. CAPT. HENRY FORS
C. CAPT. HENRY ALLEN D. CAPT GEORGE CURRY
36. THE SECOND-IN- COMMAND IN THE PNP SERVICE
A. DEPUTY CHIEF FOR ADMINISTRATION
B. DEPUTY CHIEF FOR OPERATION
C. CHIEF DIRECTORIAL STAFF
D. REGIONAL DIRECTOR
37. Group aroused the condemnation of the whole group against the offending member.
A. DETERRENCE B. RETRIBUTION
C. EXPIATION OR ATONEMENT D. REHABILITATION
38. The case that abolished ACT NO. 4221based on unconstitutionality
A. PEOPLE VS DE VERA B. PEOPLE VS REYES
C. PEOPLE VS VERA D. PEOPLE VS VERNIE
39. These are the matters that fall under the jurisdiction of the lupon EXCEPT;
A. THOSE INVOLVING PARTIES THAT ACTUALLY RESIDE OR WORK IN THE SAME BARANGAY
B. THOSE INVOLVING HEINOUS CRIMES
C. THOSE INVOLVING MINOR DISPUTES BETWEEN NEIGHBORS;
DTHOSE INVOLVING REAL PROPERTIES LOCATED IN THE BARANGAY;
40. Also known as the “act strengthening the bureau of corrections and providing funds therefore” also known as the bucor law of 2013?
A. R.A 10775 B. R.A 70115
C. R.A 10751 D. R.A 10575
41. Sentenced to 3 years 1 day to Reclusion Perpetua or Life Imprisonment.
A. MUNICIPAL PRISONER B. PROVINCIAL PRISONER
C. CITY PRISONER D. INSULAR PRISONER
42. Other term used to pertain non-institutional corrections???
A. OUTSIDE REFORMATION
B. SUPERVISION
C. HOUSE ARREST
D. COMMUNITY BASED CORRECTION
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43. LOcated at Mandaluyong City. Philippine Legislature passed Republic Act 3579 in November 1929 which authorize the transfer of all women
inmates from Old Bilibid
A. NEW BILIBID PRISON
B. CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN
C. MANDALUYONG CITY JAIL
D. BUCOR
44. HOW MANY MEMBERS ARE THERE IN LUPON TAGAPAMAYAPA?
A. 10 B. 10-20 C. 20 D. NONE
45. TAGUMPAY SETTLEMENT , This_______ land is distributed to release inmates who wish to settle for good in Palawan
A. 100 HEC. B. 10 HEC.
C. 1000HEC. D. 1 HEC.
46. Basically, the role of the police in society is_____ which is the main goal of the CJS.
A. CRIME PREVENTION B. PEACE AND ORDER
C. LAW ENFORCEMENT D. ARREST OF CRIMINAL
47. Arrest is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the commission of an offense
A. TRUE B. FALSE
C. MAYBE D. NO
48. The headquarters of INTERPOL is located at,
A. NEITHERLANDS B. CANADA
C. RUSSIA D. FRANCE
49. Is an agency of Department of Finance. It collects more than half of the total revenues of the government.
A. BUCOR B. BANGKO SENTRAL
C. BIR D. PNP
50. Otherwise known as the “Local Government Code of 1991” - provides for the REVISED KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY LAW - enacted
on 10 October 1991
A. R.A 7610 B. R.A. 7160
C. R.A 7061 D. R.A 6071
51. Otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended
certain provisions of RA 6975.
A. R.A 8551 B. R.A 6975
C. R.A 9708 D. R.A. 9262
52. According to the RA 6975, PNP is a bureau under the _________?
A. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
B. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
C. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT
D. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT
53. In the PNP seal the SUN ,symbolizes ?
A. SYMBOLIZE THE FLOWERING, MATURING AND ULTIMATE REALIZATION OF THE GLORIOUS EVOLUTION OF THE PC/INP INTO A NATIONAL
POLICE ORGANIZATION
B. SYMBOLIZES THE PC/INP
C. IT IS A SYMBOL OF THE HONOR, DIGNITY AND THE PRIVILEGE OF BEING A MEMBER OF THE PNP
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
54. The machinery of the state or government which enforces the rules of conduct necessary to protect life and property and to maintain peace
and order.
A. CRIMINAL SYSTEM
B. CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
C. CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
D. DUE PROCESS OF LAW
55. In logo of justice. _______represents objectivity, in that justice is or should be meted out objectively, without fear or favour, regardless of
money, wealth, power, or identity.
A. SWORD B. BLINDFOLD
C. BALANCE SCALE D. WOMEN
56. A person who violated rules of conduct due to behavioral maladjustment
A. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFINITION
B. SOCIOLOGICAL DEFINITION
C. LEGAL DEFINITION
D. NONE OF THEM
57. Which pillar in the Philippine criminal justice system decides actual controversies brought before it, and interprets the laws of the state?
A. PROSECUTION B. LAW ENFORCEMENT
C. COURT D. CORRECTION
58. What can you do to help in the criminal justice system?
A.HELP IN THE ASSIMILATION OF RELEASED PRISONERS IN THE COMMUNITY.
B.NEGLECT THOSE INMATES INSIDE THE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION.
C.ORGANIZE CRIME GROUPS.
D.ALL OF THESE
59. 16.If person released and rehabilitated: Correction; filling of charges or complaint: _____?
A. COMMUNITY B. CORRECTION
C. COURT D. PROSECUTION
60. All are characteristics of criminal law except.
A. RETROACTIVITY love B. GENERALITY
C. PROSPECTIVITY D. TERRITORIALITY
61. If R.A 9165 : Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act ; R.A 3815 : _________?
A.REVISED PENAL CODE
B. ANTI- GAMBLING LAWS
C.ILLEGAL POSSESSION OF FIREARMS AND EXPLOSIVES
D. ANTI-FENCING LAW
62. If Philippine Constabulary : __________; Manila Police Department : Capt. George Curry.
A.CAPT. HENRY T. ALLEN B. GEN. DOUGLAS MCARTHURC. HENRY FIELDING D. NONE
63. This pillar accepts the re-entry of the offender as law-abiding and useful citizen of society.
A. COMMUNITY B. CORRECTION C. COURT D. POLICE
64. It means as the power to try and decide, or hear and determine a cause.
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A. COURT B. JURISDICTION
C. JAIL D. JUSTICE
65. Takes cognizance of the case, conducts trial and imposes penalty if the accused is found guilty beyond reasonable grounds.
A. PROSECUTION B. LAW ENFORCEMENT
C. COURT D. CORRECTION
66.Best known as the ‘prison without walls’, located at Palawan
A. SAN RAMON PENAL FARM
B. NEW BILBID PRISON
C. IWAHIG PENAL FARM
D. CIW
67. There are three systems of criminal procedure, the accusatorial, the inquisitorial and the mixed system. In the Philippines, by virtue of the
Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980 or B.P. 129, system of criminal procedure is adopted or used
A. ACCUSATORIAL SYSTEM
B. INQUISITORIAL SYSTEM
C. PROSECUTORIAL SYSTEM
D. THE MIXED SYSTEM
68. The philippines criminal justice system has 5 Pillars,while the US have 3 pillar of their own criminal justice system. What are those 3 pillars?
A. COURT, CORRECTION AND PROSECUTION
B. LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURT AND CORRECTION
C. COMMUNITY, COURT, CORRECTION
D. LAW ENFORCEMENT, PROSECUTION, COURT
69. It is that branch of public, which defines crimes, treats of their nature, and provides for their punishment.
A. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE B. CRIMINAL LAW
C. RULES OF COURT D. PNP MANUALp
70. Criminal law cannot make an act punishable when the time of the commission it is not yet a crime.
A. GENERALITY B. TERRITORIALITY
C. PROSPECTIVITY D. RETROACTIVITY
71. Otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990.
A. R.A 6975 B. R.A 8551
C. R.A 9708 D. R.A 9165
72. How many prison and penal farm among the correctional institution in the Philippines?
A. 10 B. 8
C. 5 D. 7
73. Where did the only correctional institution for women located?
A. PALAWAN B. MANDALUYONG
C. MUNTINLUPA D. MANILA
74. What is the primary objective of the Barangay Justice System?
A.PROVIDE PUNISHMENT B. AMICABLE SETTLEMEN
C. MEDIATE D. BOTH B&C
75. The first chief of the Philippine National Police
A. BGEN RAFAEL CRAME
B. COL ANTONIO TORRES
C. COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA
D. P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO
76. INTERPOL the largest international police organization in the world, with National Central Bureaus in ____ member countries.
A. 191 B. 192
C. 190 D. 193
77. In INTERPOL notices system. What is being referred as To help locate missing persons, often minors, or to help identify persons who are
unable to identify themselves.
A. YELLOW NOTICE B. RED NOTICE
C. PURPLE NOTICE D. GREEN NOTICE
78. The following are the instances where you can arrest a person without a warrant, EXCEPT
A. WHEN, IN HIS PRESENCE, THE PERSON TO BE ARRESTED HAS COMMITTED, IS ACTUALLY COMMITTING, OR IS ATTEMPTING TO COMMIT AN
OFFENSE;
B. ESCAPED PRISONER
C. WHEN AN OFFENSE HAS JUST BEEN COMMITTED AND HE HAS PROBABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE BASED ON PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE OF FACTS
OR CIRCUMSTANCES THAT THE PERSON TO BE ARRESTED HAS COMMITTED IT
D. WHEN A PERSON KILL A CHILD
79. Which government agencies in charge for the child in-conflict with the law?
A. DSWD B. DOJ
C. PNP D. DOH
80..What is the degree of proof in criminal cases?
A.PROOF BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT
B. PROBABLE CAUSE
C.GUILTY
D. NOT GUILTY
81. Process directed to a person, requiring him to bring with him any books/documents/things under his control.
A. SUBPOENA DUCESTECUM
B. SUBPOENA
C. SUBPOENA TESTIFICANDUM
D. SUBPOENA INCOGNITO
82. Is an inquiry made by the duty prosecutor to determine the legality of the arrest made especially those arrests made without a warrant?
A. INVESTIGATION B. INTERROGATION
C. INQUEST D. ARRAIGNMENT
83. Power to contest the constitutionality of the law.
A. JUDICIAL REVIEW B. JUDICIAL POWER
C. JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE D. JUDICIAL PROTEST
84. What government agencies have special police powers designated to investigate and arrest smugglers and those suspected of violating
tariffs laws?
A..BANKOSENTRALNGPILIPINAS
B. BUREAU OF INTERNAL REVENUE
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C.BUREAU OF CUSTOMS
D. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
85. Geographical area in which a court with jurisdiction may hear to determine a case.
A. JURISDICTION B. COURT
C. JAIL D. VENUE
86. Mang Tomas commited a crime of robbery at Brgy. Welfare , Pasay city. He undergo trial at Pasay Regional trial court which he was found
guilty beyond reasonable doubt. What kind of jurisdiction have been exercised on him?
A. JURISDICTION OVER THE AUTHORITY
B. JURISDICTION OVER THE PERSON
C. JURISDICTION OVER TERRITORY
D. ANY OF THEM
87. Judge Carpio read the information in front of the accused filed against him. He also informed the accused of the nature and the cause of
the accusation against him and to ask him of his plea. This process refers to;
A. JUDGMENT B. TRIAL
C. PLEA BARGAINING D. ARRAIGNMENT
88. The Philippines have three (3) branches of government; the Legislative, the Judiciary and__
A. CABINET MEMBERS B. EXECUTIVE BRANCH
C. A ONLY D. ALL OF THEM
89. The organizational structure of the PNP is
A. STAFF B. LINE
C. LINE AND STAFF D. A AND B
90. It is a finding of not guilty based on the merits. Meaning, the accused is acquitted because the evidence does not show that his guilt is
beyond reasonable doubt.
A. ACCQUITAL B. CONVICTED
C. INVOKED D. INFORMED
91. It is a disposition under which a defendant, after conviction and sentence, is released subject to conditions imposed by the court and to the
supervision of a probation officer
A. PAROLE B. PARDON
C. COMMUTATION D. PROBATION
92. It refers to the reduction of the duration of a prison sentence of a prisoner
A. PAROLE B. PARDON
C. COMMUTATION D. PROBATION
93. Which is considered the major output and the bottom line of the process?
A..CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM B. FEEDBACK
C. JUSTICE D. LAW
94. 6.The following are the order of stages of the criminal justice process:
I.Adjudication III. Charging
II.Arrest IV. Corrections
V. Sentencing
A.I,II,III,IV,V B. I,III,IV,II,V
C. II,III,I,V,IV D. II,I,III,V,IV
95. It is a written order of a court or authority consigning a person to jail or prison for detention
A. MITIMUS B. COMMITMENT ORDER
C. JUDGMENT D. CUSTODY
96. Which of the following is not belongs to the group?
A. HOT PURSUIT B. CONTRABANDS
C. FUGITIVE FROM JUSTICE D. ESCAPED PRISONER
97.What pillar of CJS as the frontline defender of democracy, freedom and human dignity?
A.LAW ENFORCEMENT B. PROSECUTION
C. COURT D. CORRECTION
98. It is the highest court in the Philippines
A. SENATE B. SUPREME COURT
C.REGIONAL TRIAL COURT D. COURT OF APPEALS
99. Who is the current Commander in Chief?
A. DIR GEN. BATO B. PRES. DIGONG
C. SEN. PRES PIMETEL D. CHIEF JUSTICE CARPIO
100. This is a special court tasked to handle graft and corruption committed by public officials or employees.
A. OMBUDSMAN B. SANDIGANBAYAN
C. MILITARY COURT D. SUPREME COURT
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ANSWER KEY; CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
1. A 51. A
2. B 52. B
3. B 53. A
4. B 54. B
5. C 55. B
6. D 56. A
7. A 57. C
8. C 58. A
9. A 59. D
10. D 60. A
11. A 61. A
12. B 62. A
13. C 63. A
14. D 64. B
15. B 65. C
16. A 66. C
17. B 67. D
18. B 68. B
19. C 69. B
20. C 70. C
21. A 71. A
22. C 72. D
23. A 73. B
24. D 74. D
25. B 75. D
26. A 76. B
27. C. 77. A
28. C 78. D
29. B 79. A
30. C 80. A
31. A 81. A
32. D 82. C
33. A 83. A
34. C 84. C
35. C 85. D
36. A 86. C
37. C 87. D
38. C 88. B
39. B 89. C
40. D 90. A
41. D 91. D
42. D 92. C
43. B 93. C
44. B 94. C
45. C 95. B
46. A 96. B
47. A 97. A
48. D 98. B
49. C 99. B
50. B 100. B
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