Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Village Report
Village Report
Submitted By:-
Kumar Nishant (10201026)
Sunil Kumar (10201055)
(VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT REPORT SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER IN
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ON RURAL MANAGEMENT)
First and foremost we are thankful to Prof. (Dr.) L. K. Vaswani, DIRECTOR, KIIT School of
Rural Management for placing the Village Study Segment (VSS) fieldwork Component as a part
of our course curricula. We would like to express our gratitude to Professor (Dr.) Jyotirmayee
Acharya, Coordinator, VSS to facilitate throughout by playing different roles as mentor,
coordinator and supervisor and for inputs and moral support for designing and completion of the
report. We are thankful to the faculty guide Prof H. S. Ganesha for his guidance and assessment
of this report.
We have immense pleasure in expressing our deep sense of gratitude, indebtedness and sincere
thanks to our esteemed Reporting Officer Ms. Ketaki Narkar, Enterprise Promotion Manager and
team member Mr. Kumar Padmanabh of Udyogini who facilitated our accommodation and made
us to learn all the VSS components by doing and interacting with the villagers. We are thankful
for their feedback and insight to our theme paper and support for the RAC and to share with us
useful experiences during the village study. We are also thankful to Mr. Prashanto Mandal,
EPM; Ms. Yojana Lama, EPE and Ms. Punam Rai, EPE of Udyogini who helped us immensely
in our project and ensured that our visit turns more meaningful.
In order to complete fieldwork successfully, I would like to present special thanks to all the
research participants and villagers who provided their valuable time and made our stay
meaningful and study valuable. We are extremely happy to reveal our special thanks to our
classmates for their inspiration.
Village Report: A report of the Samaiya village of Niwas Block, Mandla district was developed
by conducting household survey through a structured schedule.
Rural Action Components: The action component aimed to provide Grass roots management
training to the Women Entrepreneur Group (WEG) formed by Udyogini, conduction of a rally on
Women’s day to promote enterprise and entrepreneurship among women’s and a skit on
advantages of enterprise and entrepreneurship.
National Service Scheme: The main objective of NSS activities carried out is to create
awareness about of common diseases and prevention. To discuss among the villagers about the
State Govt. health schemes for women also we focused our NSS on children to increase their
awareness level and motivate them to come to school.
Theme paper: Assessment of willingness to pay of the community for the services and products
identified for being offered through Village Level Service Centers
Organization profile of the host organization was documented. The major objective was study of
existing supply chain established by Udyam Jagaran Sansthan (UJAS), to check for the
willingness of the community to pay for the identified products and services in the project areas
of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh. A study in both financial and operational aspects of
different opportunities was carried out to understand the various perspectives for the initiatives
undertaken by Udyogini
Research Design: The main endeavor in the study was to check the willingness of the products
and services for Tribal community people that can be incorporated into the existing supply chain
Study Findings:
During our stay in the village we found that giving right information can help people to make
right decision. We observed that the people of the villages have the potential and skill to come
up from poverty and misery but the most important thing they lack is information and knowledge
about what is happening around the World. We saw that mere distribution of money by
government and NGOs has degraded the communities’ value and generated a feeling of
dependency. We learnt the importance of life skills & functional literacy which will help them to
operate & manage their enterprise. The households have very small amount of savings which is
not enough for their risk mitigation. The rate of interest charged is 5-10 percent per month and
repayment period remain longer with number of self consumption loans being more taken by the
households. We also learnt that social rural marketing can bring an economic empowerment
with the help of WEG formation as this inculcates saving habits among the rural women.
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................11
2 OBJECTIVES:..........................................................................................................................11
3 METHODOLOGY:..................................................................................................................12
3.1 SOURCE OF DATA:...........................................................................................12
3.2 SAMPLE DESIGN:.............................................................................................12
3.3 DATA ANALYSIS:..............................................................................................12
3.4 LIMITATIONS OF DATA COLLECTION:...............................................................12
4 GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE......................................................................13
4.1 Location:..........................................................................................................13
4.2 History of the Village:......................................................................................13
4.3 Demography of Village:...................................................................................14
4.4 Literacy Level:.................................................................................................14
4.5 Social Structure:..............................................................................................14
4.6 Institutions:.....................................................................................................15
4.7 Gender Clock...................................................................................................15
5 Weather and Seasonality..........................................................................................................16
5.1 Weather...........................................................................................................16
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
Adivasi: Tribal
Gond tribe: A Caste of Tribal
Baiga tribe: A caste of Tribal
Karma: A flok dance of Gond and Baiga Tribal
Hareli: A Tribal festival
Madayi Mela: A Seasonal Local Fair.
Paddy: An Agriculture Produce
Kodu: An Agriculture Produce
Kutki: An Agriculture Produce
Jagni: An Agriculture Produce
Massor: An Agriculture Produce
Alsi: An Agriculture Produce
Mahua: NTFPs
Amla: NTFPs
Tendu Patta: NTFPs
Galla: Agriculture Produce
UJAS: Udyam Jagran Santhan
VLSCs: Village Level Service Center
CLSCs: Cluster Level Service Center
INTRODUCTION
As part of the field work module of Village Study Segment course, we conducted survey of
village Samaiya in Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh. We were assigned a host organization, a
non government organization named UDYOGINI working in the Mandla district of Madhya
Pradesh. We had the opportunity to closely observe the various forms of interventions and
interactions taking place within the village and understand the impact of such interventions on
2 OBJECTIVES:
The main objective of village study segment is:
➢ To get insight into the socio-economic and cultural realities of rural life.
➢ To understand the dynamics of various village level institution in addressing the
developmental work
3 METHODOLOGY:
The data collected are on demography, social structure, infrastructure facilities, agro-climatic
resources, village economy, village organizations and people’s institutions and the issues of
development. Both Quantitative and Qualitative data were collected. The quantitative data were
on population, land holding, literacy rate. The qualitative data were quality of drinking water,
quality of the road, housing pattern, sanitation, food habit which were obtained from the village
after the interaction with the villagers and with use of tools like PRAs, Focused Group
discussion, informal meetings.
The primary data were collected from direct interaction with villagers during household surveys
(through questionnaire given by college), PRA exercise, focused group discussions, informal
interviews, SHGs meeting, non- participatory observation and other village meetings.
The secondary data were collected from Gram Panchayat Office, veterinary hospital, Revenue
Office, Patwari, Anganwadi, Primary School, Sarpanch and Internet.
b). Most of the people are working under MNREGA therefore they are available only in the
evening.
c). People are not clear about the present value of their asset.
4.6 Institutions:
Various formal and Informal institutions in and around the village Samaiya are as follows:
Table 4: formal and informal institutions
From To Institutions Distance
Samaiya Jabalpur Railway Station 70 KM
Samaiya Mandla District Headquarter 60 KM
Samaiya Niwas Tehsil 7 KM
Samaiya Niwas Janpath 7 KM
Samaiya Niwas Primary Health Centre 7 KM
Samaiya Niwas Veterinary Hospital 7 KM
Samaiya Niwas Police Station 7 KM
Samaiya Niwas State Bank of India 7 KM
Samaiya Pipariya Market 2 KM
Samaiya Pipariya Cooperative Bank 2 KM
Samaiya Pipariya Cattle market 2 KM
Samaiya Pipariya High School 2 KM
Samaiya Pipariya Middle School 2 KM
Samaiya Pipariya Bus Stand 2 KM
Samaiya Singhpur PDS ½ KM
Samaiya Singhpur Gram Panchayat ½ KM
5.2 Temperature
The climate is hot and humid during summer and cold during winter. The mercury rises sharply
in the summer and touches about 44-45 degree Celsius in the summer and dips as far as 1-2
degree Celsius in the winter. The climate of the village is characterized by an oppressively hot
summer with high humidity. Summer generally commences in the month of March.
Seasonality:
* * * * * ** ** ** * * * *
Source: PRA
Good climate
Sorrow Jeth (May-June) Very hot, Sum stroke, malaria
Sorrow Ashadh (June-July) No work no money
Sawan (July-August)
Average Fagun (February-March) Availability of food
Baisakh (April-May)
Source: PRA
2. Food shortage
3. Excess work during
Migration
3. Debt
facility 4. Landlessness
6 Natural Resources
6.1 Land:
According to the villagers the fertility of soil is not good because of which yield per hectare is
very less. The village is situated on uplands or mid up land where texture of soil is loamy
Murom with or without clay. Depth of soil is also shallow to moderate. Fertility is moderate;
the soil is black, red or rocky in texture. The land use pattern in village is as follows:
6.3 Forestry:
As village is situated on upland, it is surrounded by forest. Though a large part of forest is
depleted due to excessive use of resources but it still provides a lot of tangible and intangible
benefits to the villagers. Villagers gets not only fuel wood but also a number of non timber forest
produce like Maua and Tend patta which adds to their source of livelihood. The forest has
mainly tress of sagon, mahua, palash, Tend and other trees which are used as fuel. Forest doesn’t
have any animal species except wild pig, fox, monkey, rabbit and some varieties of birds like
peacock.
7 INFRASTRUCTURE
7.1 Roads:
The village is connected through a concrete Road, near the village there is PCC which is of 1km
in stretch. Inside the village road are both Kuchha and Pucca. The sample survey shows that 59%
of the households say that the road is dilapidated, 22% of the road is of poor quality, 16% of the
road is average and just 3% of the sample says that the road is of good quality.
7.3 Drainage:
Drainage is a problem in the village because there is lack of drainage line on both side of roads,
even road is Kaccha on some places. That is why water stagnation is a serious problem in the
village, especially in rainy season in this particular season stagnant water invites monsoon
diseases like malaria and diarrhea.
7.4 Communication:
There is no land line phone available in this village. Mobile phone network was available 1km
away from village till 2009. The proper use of mobile phone started in 2010. The village has
network connectivity of BSNL, Reliance CDMA & GSM
During our village stay and teaching in the Primary School we noticed that in spite of good
facilities provided the learning of the children is very poor. The students of 5 th std. are not able to
read properly nor are they good at solving simple mathematical problems. Students of different
classes’ seat together, teachers are inefficient in teaching and are not able to bring discipline
among students and nor are they willing to do so.
7.5.4 Defecation
91% of the houses in the village practice open defecation while the rest have toilet facilities.
Households having toilet facility also prefer to go in the open for defecation; toilets are mostly
used by small children’s.
8 Local Economy
8.1 Income Source
According to the house hold survey the average annual income of the family is Rs 31300,
average annual expenditure is Rs 21100 and average annual savings is Rs 12000.These savings is
used for the creating assets and some part of it is saved to cope with future crises.
8.2 Livelihood
The livelihood of villagers is multidimensional; people are engaged in a number of activities.
Villagers try to do maximum work to meet the family needs. Most of the people in the village
have agriculture as the primary source of income, apart from this they also do work as wage
laborers in government schemes or private works. If they do not have work in village they
migrate to nearby city to earn some livelihood. Since the village is surrounded by forest they
gather Maua and Tend patta from there and either sell it in the market to get some money or keep
some for their own consumption. Few women’s are engaged in handicraft activity from last one
year and few men also do fishing for their livelihood.
Figure 1: Economic Activities
From the household survey we found that 26 of 32 households were engaged in agriculture as
primary occupation and only 6 households were engaged in other activity.
Apart from agriculture people are engaged in Activities like non-agriculture laborer, farm
cultivator, Services, agriculture laborer, home maker etc as secondary occupation. 72% People
are engaged in non agriculture- laborer as secondary occupation. 13% are engaged as farm
cultivator. From the household survey we found that 56% of the earning members are male and
44% earning members are female. The wage rate in the village is Rs 100 for both male and
female working under MNREGA; whereas for village work, wage rate is Rs 60.
Most of the people are dependent on agriculture; the agriculture practice is mainly primitive in
nature and labor intensive. Agriculture is mainly rain fed due to non availability of water for
irrigation purpose. It is found that the soil is blackish to red loamy and even rocky at some
places. Though some of the farmers use urea along with cow dung as fertilizers; however,
application of cow dung is found to be prevalent in the village. Most of the crops produced are
consumed only a small part of it is sold in the local market. On an average a household earns Rs
13000 per year from agriculture.
Table 10: Yield per Hectare
Product Name Yield
Rice 16.5 quintal/hectare
Wheat 29 quintal/hectare
Maize 12 quintal/hectare
Rai 14 quintal/hectare
Batra 18 quintal/hectare
Masoor 7 quintal/hectare
Arhar 6.5 quintal/hectare
Ramtilla 6 quintal/hectare
Kodo 5 quintal/ hectare
Kutki 5 quintal/hectare
Chana 13 quintal/hectare
Alsi 7.5 quintal/hectare
Urad 5 quintal/hectare
Source: FGD
A major product which come in and goes out from the village are annexed at the end.
Source: Survey
Source: Survey
Houses lack windows for ventilation. The housing area including the kitchen garden varies from
20×40-60×40. In most of the household average number of the room are 3 except in few
9.4 Banks
There are two banks located near the village, one is the Co-operative Bank which is located 2 km
from the village and another one is the State Bank of India which is located 7 km from the
village. Very few villagers have account in the Co-operative bank; most of the people have
account in the State Bank. The reason is the villagers receive their payment for working under
NREGS from State Bank Only. Before this scheme came very few villagers had a bank account
but after the starting of this scheme as well as a number of SHGs, most of the people are account
holder.
9.5 Credit
9.5.1 Trader/ Money Lenders:
This is the major source of the informal credit for the villagers, may it be for daily expenditure,
social function, medical expenses purchasing cattle’s or crop loan. The interest rate varies from
60-80% p.a. depending upon the emergency of credit.
9.5.3 Banks:
Very few people take loan from the bank primary reason is the process of taking loan is very
complicated in banks. Also taking loan from bank requires a lot of paper work and people have
to deposit their documents where as it is much easier to take money from money lenders as
people can get money very quickly.
1. Ajeevika is working very efficiently in this village; they have launched a number of poverty
elevation schemes in the village. It is working on the basis of three tier systems, first they are
working on group basis by forming SHGs, second on individual basis by providing fund for
business and third they are creating assets which can be used by all the villagers
2. Udyogini: It formed its first WEG in 2008 but this group broke up. Currently it has formed a
new group which is just 3 months old. This group is new and is involved in saving; each
member of the group saves Rs 50 every month.
3. Foundation for Ecological Security: It is working in this village since 2009 and has formed
one SHG.
1. Gram Vikas Samiti: This committee was formed in 2005 with an objective to works
for the development of the village and looks into new opportunities for development.
2. Van Suraksha Samiti: it is the oldest committee formed in this village. It was formed
in 1995 with the aim of protecting the forest and its resources. But now this
committee is not working properly.
3. Prashfutan Samiti: This committee was formed in 2008. This committee provides
utensils, tent and other related goods at the time of marriage or any other social
functions.
4. Nigarani Samiti: This committee was formed in 2005.the main objective of this
committee is to look after various constructions and development work in the village.
5. Gram Kosh Samiti: This committee was formed in 2005. It works for any type of
disaster management in the village. This committee is funded by Ajeevika which is a
12 Government Schemes:
• Poverty Alleviation Program: National Rural Employment Gurantee Act (NAREGA) is
running in the village. Currently it is working on water availability by digging wells
throughout the Panchayat also work on “Merdh bandh” is to be done after completion of
wells.
• Ladali Yojana: Under this scheme girl child would be given Rs 2 lakh when they
complete 18 yr of age.
• Samuhik Vivah: Under this scheme girl will be given jewelry, cloth and Rs 10,000 at the
time of marriage.
13 STATUS OF WOMEN
Table 11: Gender Analysis
Women’s participation Women do not participate in local politics. Women’s vote is controlled
in Politics by men and Political parties do not see women as vote bank.
Agriculture Work is divided between both men and women. Women do the work
of removing weeds from the field and harvesting of the crops. Men do
the work of plough and sowing of seeds.
Land Both men and women have equal ownership over their ancestors land,
both gets equal amount of land.
Labor Both men and women receives equal wage for labor work
Marriage Girl is not forced for marriage by their parents. Girl is free to select the
person of her choice but inter caste marriage is not permitted.
Education Due to the government scheme of free education, girls are given all the
facilities like bicycle, books, stationary items, dress etc therefore most
of the girls go to school.
Family Planning Women have equal right to decide the number of children she could
have.
Dowry Dowry is common in the village. Girls Parent’s have to give some
dowry in cash or kind to the boy’s family. Only after settlement of
dowry, wedding takes place
Decision making Males are the decision maker in the family; women have a small role
in decision making.
15 SWOT Analysis:
STRENGTH WEAKNESS
Land Lack of Water and irrigation equipments
Forest Illiteracy
Social capital
Nuclear family
Weekly haat
NGO intervention
Government Schemes
OPPORTUNITIES THREAT
17 CONCLUSIONS:
The village study enabled me in studying the various aspects of the village life. We came to
know various things knowing which perhaps were not possible without staying in the village
among the rural population. My stay helped me to understand the lives of the villager, their need
and various dynamics relating to it. The Firsthand experience is how they sustain their
livelihood, which kind of difficulties they face for livelihood and other expenses of household.
And we also saw the various development plans running in the village and impact of it helped
me to sharpen my understanding of these plans and ground realities associated with them. It’s
Annexure-3
Outflow of Products:
demanded
Sl. No. Products quantity price/unit total value in
1 Wheat 3000 kg Rs 11/kg Rs 33000 Pipariya
20000
2 Rai kg Rs 13/kg Rs 260000 Pipariya
3 Ramtilla 6000 kg Rs 22/kg Rs 132000 Pipariya
4 Kodo 2500 kg Rs 7/kg Rs 17500 Pipariya
Annexure: 4
Literacy rate
Annexure: 5
Health Issues
Annexure: 6
Source of knowledge about Health
Annexure: 8
Quality of Road
Annexure: 9
Livestock Distribution
Type of Animal Number of Animal Number of family
Cow 32 21
Bullock 64 27
Buffalo 2 2
Calf 16 11
Goat/Sheep 21 5
Poultry 22 10
Source: Household Survey
ORGANIZATION
PROFILE
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Page 1
1 Organization Overview
Udyogini which means “women entrepreneur” came into existence in 1992 as a World Bank
initiative to pilot a program to develop a curriculum, methodology and service provider for micro
enterprise management services, principally training for poor, asset less and mainly illiterate
women in the backward states of India.
Udyogini was set up to co-ordinate and facilitate management training for grassroots women's
groups for the World Bank Institute-funded Women's Enterprise Management Training Outreach
Program (WEMTOP). This was a three-year participatory action learning project aimed at
strengthening the capacity of intermediary NGOs to deliver management training to poor women
micro entrepreneurs in 1992. The training program consisted of Grassroots Management
Training (GMT) carried out for women producers and the Training of Enterprise Support Teams
(TEST) for the trainers of GMT. The trainings were carried out through NGOs who were
responsible for group formation and bringing together the women. NGO staff was trained as
trainers or Enterprise Support Teams (ESTs).
By early 2010, Udyogini had a presence in 7 states of North, Central and Eastern India working
on aggregating and/or value-addition to commodities as diverse as lac, mahua, honey, bamboo,
silk, other medicinal plants, maize, mustard, vegetables, and pulses and services like child-care
center demonstrating considerable scale and breadth of experience and impact. It had also
facilitated registration of producers' institutions called UJAS in three of its locations. UJAS
(Udyam Jagaran Sansthan) is now an established national brand identity for producer-owned
entities and business products.
Most significantly, in 2010, it has taken up the challenge of microenterprise development for
older sex workers who want to move out of the profession and want to ensure that their young
daughters develop employable skills so that they are not vulnerable to sex work.
Its intervention at Mandla district, M.P began in 13 villages to support around 200 women. They
work in three clusters namely Niwas, Babaliya and Bakori at Mandla district. By the end of
2005, Udyogini worked with nearly 1200 women from 60 villages.
1.1 Vision
To become a nationally and internationally recognized agency specializing in business
development services for NGOs and poor women.
1.2 Mission
To provide quality and appropriate business development services for promotion of poor women
as entrepreneurs.
Kalahandi (Orissa)
3 Organization Structure
4 Retrospective:
URMUL, SURE and LUPIN in Rajasthan; NIPDIT and Samanwita in Orissa and ADITHI in
Bihar are few of the distinguished alumni of Udyogini's enterprise.
Udyogini also has two flagship programs namely Training of Enterprise support teams (TEST)
and Grassroots Management Training (GMT).
➢ TESTs are for those people who are professional and Para-professional but yet do not
have much knowledge and business skills in this area. It is a residential course in which
participants have to undergo an intensive training for four to five days. It covers a vast
range of topics including motivation for entrepreneurship, business idea generation and
marketing, risk analysis, market survey, value-chain analysis, business plan creation and
linkages building with a woman focus, this is known as “Orientation TESTs”.
➢ Udyogini also has "Advanced TESTs" which deal more intensively with particular
aspects of enterprise management (such as feasibility and business planning), for those
already familiar with the basics
➢ GMT is a core activity in Udyogini’s work. This program focuses on women; they help
marginalized women to become entrepreneur not just skilled producers. The topics
➢ There is also a program called “hybrid TESTs” which are designed for local
entrepreneurs who have a certain level of education. The hybrid TESTs are customized
version from TESTs and GMTs.
5 Approaches:
6 Operational Frameworks:
11 Key Achievements:
• To strengthen customer base by expansion and outreach to other districts like Katni,
Shingroli.
• To improvise the BDS by adding up more services and products in the supply chain.
As part of the Village study segment, the major objective was study of existing supply chain
established by Udyam Jagaran Sansthan (UJAS), to check for the willingness of the community
to pay for the identified products and services in the project areas of Mandla district of Madhya
Pradesh. A study in both financial and operational aspects of different opportunities was carried
out to understand the various perspectives for the initiatives undertaken by Udyogini. In order to
identify challenges for the organization in current and future context different concepts that were
learnt in the classroom were utilized. The period of the study was from the 7th of January 2010
to the 29th January, 2011.
The operational areas of the organization i.e. Mandla district have agriculture as their primary
source of earning and livelihood. As the geographical condition of this area is not suitable for
good production from agriculture due to lack of water and irrigation equipment, most of the
farmers have to depend on rain. There is a need to introduce some services to minimize these
problems to some level or some extent. All the identified products will be provided by the UJAS
through its supply chain i.e. through the chain of CLSCs and VLSCs. Udyogini desires to
1.4 Scope:
The information and the recommendations derived from this study helps to take appropriate
decisions for launching new identified products and services in the existing supply chain of the
UJAS to improve the lifestyle of the villagers. The primary data collected regarding their
willingness to pay for identified products and services and systemic knowledge generated by this
will result in the creation of a resource for other future study.
RESEARCH DESIGN
2.1 Study area and target group:
The study area is extended to 6 villages of Niwas Block, 7 villages of Narayanganj Block and 7
villages of Mandla Block. These 20 villages are divided into three clusters namely Niwas,
Babaliya and Bakori cluster of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh.
WILLINGNESS PROFILE
3.1 Products and Services for which willingness has to be
found:
As most of the villages are remotely located, the villagers do not have access to many services
easily and the service points are located on an average 5-6 km away from the village. Following
are the list of services which are to be provided:
1) Recharge coupons
2) PCO
3) Tailoring
4) Cycle repairing
5) Veterinary service
6) Agri-expert advice
7) Health insurance
8) Warehouse facility
9) Irrigation equipments on lease
10) Submission of electricity bill
11) Solar/emergency lights
12) Banking services
13) Computer works
Current status of the service: Normally people of the village who don’t have a mobile phone
or any calling facility, they ask the person who have mobile phone with him, to use their phone.
And that person charge whatever he/she likes for their service or else they have to travel to 5-6
km. just for a single call.
Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: This service is in
demand for throughout the year.
Willingness to pay:
Figure 3: Willingness to pay for PCO
Description Services: According to this service, UJAS will offer warehouse facility to the
villagers through the link of CLSCs and VLSCs.
Willingness to pay:
Demand for warehouse is found to be more than 62%, the reason being non-availability of any
facilities of this kind. There is a general trend among people to sell their surplus products in the
market. People either sell it to local weekly haat or to traders of Babaliya, Niwas or Bakori, The
reason for selling is either they need money instantly or they do not have proper storage facility.
25% households do are not able to pay as they do not have enough production, whatever they
produce is used for their own consumption. 58% households are willing to pay Rs
20/quintal/month for keeping their produce in warehouse. 3% households are willing to pay Rs
25/quintal/month whereas 14% people do not require this facility because whatever surplus they
have, they prefer selling it to the market because of the need for money.
Figure 4: Willingness to pay for Warehouse
Description of Service:
In this, the UJAS will appoint agent either BDSP or VLSC in every villages. These agents will
be responsible for submission of all the electricity bills of a particular village and the agent will
charge commission for their service.
Current status of the service: All the villagers submit their electricity bill on individual basis.
To submit their electricity bill they spend some money to reach the submission point as these
bill submission points are located far away from the village
Description of Service: According to this service, UJAS will put a few agricultural equipments
to the VLSCs and these agriculture equipments will be offered to the villagers on the rent basis.
Current status of the service: The villagers have limited access of agricultural equipments.
Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: These products are in
demand for throughout the year.
Willingness to pay:
Availability of water is one of the biggest problems being faced by the people of these areas.
Despite of having Narmada river farmer’s are facing a lot of problems for irrigation, this is
mainly due to rugged geography of this area which makes it difficult to bore wells and thus
farmers have to depends upon rain, this leads to increase in demand for irrigation pump. The
average demand for irrigation pump is 51%, 46% of the household do not require irrigation
facility because either they have their own pump or the irrigation pump cannot be used as there
Description of Service: According to this service, UJAS will put a computer at CLSC level.
This computer will offer services like photo printing, online registration forms related to
education and employment, etc.
Current status of the service: The villagers have limited access to computer related services.
Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: These services are in
demand for throughout the year.
Willingness to pay:
Figure 6: Willingness to pay for Computer Work
Description of Service: The UJAS will provide health insurance of Rs. 30,000 to the villagers
by the collaboration with some health insurance company. The insurance amount is of Rs. 150
per year for BPL family and Rs. 350 per year for APL family, this insurance amount is for
family of 4 members and this amount goes on increasing according to the family members.
Willingness to pay:
Description of Service: According to this service the UJAS will train some WEG member or
BDSP who can act as an agri. expert in their respective villages. They can offer services like
advice on good fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides etc. These people can also work as a link
between the villagers and the agri. scientists, so that he/she can provide updated information
related to the agriculture. People will have to register for a year to avail this service.
Current status of the service: The villagers have limited access to services of agri expert
Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: These services are in
demand for throughout the year.
Willingness to pay:
The demand for agriculture consultant is more than 75%. As the farmers are ignorant about the
quality of seed to be used, quantity of fertilizers to be given, which pesticides are to be given for
a particular type of plant disease whatever hard labor they do, is not giving them sufficient yield.
Therefore there is a need for agriculture consultant in the village who can guide farmers in more
effective way. 60% households are willing to pay Rs 100 as service charge for agric-consultant;
Description of Service: The UJAS will facilitate WEG members of the village to offer cycle
repairing services to their respective villages by providing training to them. The trained person
can repair cycle puncture/ burst, brake fail, tyre/ tube change, etc.
Current status of the service: Almost all the villagers have cycle in their houses and there is
need to introduce a person who can repair their cycle.
Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: These services are in
demand for throughout the year.
Willingness to pay:
Description of Service: According to this service the UJAS will train WEG member or VLSC
of the respective village who can act as a veterinary doctor in their respective villages.
Willingness to pay:
As the villagers are ignorant about the diseases of animals and the veterinary doctor are very few
and available only in blocks. Farmers have to face a lot of difficulties in treatment of their
cattle’s, most of the time their cattle die before reaching of the doctor. Therefore there is a great
need for a Para Veterinary doctor. 36% households do not need this service because either their
villages are in close proximity to veterinary doctor or they have doctor in their own village. 46%
households are willing to pay Rs 50/animal as checkup charge, 9% are willing to pay Rs
20/animal, 4% Rs 100/animal and others are willing to pay anywhere between Rs 10-60/animal.
These charges are excluding the price for medicine.
Figure 9: Willingness to pay for Para-Veterinary doctor
Description of Service: According to this service, UJAS will put a few numbers of emergency
lights to the VLSCs and these lights will be sold to the villagers.
Current status of the service: The situation of electricity in these villages is very poor and
people depend on kerosene oil to light their houses. So, there is need to introduce alternative of
electricity and kerosene oil.
Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: These products are in
demand for throughout the year.
Willingness to pay:
Willingness to pay for emergency light was found to be just 14%. Emergency light are
demanded only by those people who have got little higher status in their community and who
Description of Service: In this, the UJAS will train some WEG members in the villages who
will work as a link between the banks and the village.
Current status of the service: There is very limited access of banking services in the villages
Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: This service has
maximum demand in the summer season because maximum migration done in this season only.
Willingness to pay:
As most of the households are tribal’s and economically weaker the demand for banking service
is limited. 89% households do not require this service & the reason is neither they have any bank
account nor do they need it as they do not have enough money to keep in bank also most of them
are farmers and the agriculture produce are not sufficient.
Figure 11: Willingness to Pay for Bank Linkage
Current status of the service: The quality tailors are available at Babaliya, Bakori, Niwas,
Ripta, etc., means that the quality tailors service are not available in the villages. To get quality
service the villagers should move to nearby villages by spending some amount on travel, this
additional cost increases the cost incurred in the stitching of complete cloth.
Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: This service has
maximum demand in the marriage season and festival season
Willingness to pay:
4 CONCLUSION
The following conclusions are drawn after the completion of the study:
1) The focused people in the household survey of 20 villages had agriculture as their primary
source of earning and livelihood. As the geographical condition of this area is not suitable for
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Page 22
good production from agriculture and there is lack of water and irrigation equipment therefore
there is a need for irrigation pump in most of the villages.
2) As the villages have poor connectivity with market, there is need of VLSCs in some of the
villages. Some of the products like Kirana materials, manihari, recharge voucher, emergency
lights can be sold there.
3) Farmers are ignorant about the crop disease and animal disease and since service of veterinary
doctor is not sufficient therefore there is a need to train people for Kishan mitra and veterinary
service.
4) Demand for health insurance is very high and also there is need for warehouse facility.
Tailoring facility is required in the villages and most of the people are willing to pay at market
price.
5) The purchasing power of the villagers is low; therefore, the services which can be uploaded in
the supply chain should be in their limit of purchasing power.
6) In distress periods the villagers migrate to other places for earning their livelihood, also they
ask credit from the informal sources on high interest rates to meet their financial need.
5 Suggestions:
We suggest the following services for feasibility check:
1. If you get recharge coupons of Rs. 10 &. 20 in your village at Rs. 11 & 22.
Are you willing to pay that much amount for this service? If not then how much amount you
able to pay for this service
2. If we offered PCO service in your village and the call rates will be Rs. 1.5-2.0/minute.
Are you willing to pay that much amount for this service? If not then how much amount you
able to pay for this service
3. If your village served by the services of warehouse, in which you can store your produce and
collections. For this, one receipt will be issued to you in respect to the cost and quantity of
your produce and collection. This receipt helps you to get loan easily from banks and other
Are you willing to store your produce items in warehouse the charge will be Rs 20/quintal?
If not then how much amount you able to pay for this service
4. If we offered the service for Submission of your electricity bill by the agent. The agent will
be from your village and he/she will charge Rs. 5 per electricity bill.
Are you willing to pay Rs 5 for this service? If not then how much amount you able to pay
for this service
5. Would you like to use diesel/electric irrigation pumps at Rs. 50/ hour on rent basis? The
conditions are:
1. You have to bear the carrying cost of the pumps from the center to your farms.
Are you willing to pay Rs 50/Hour for this service? If not then how much amount you able
to pay for this service
6. If you get the photo printing and other computer related services(various types of online
registration forms) at CLSCs of Babaliya, Bakori and Niwas, and:
1. If health insurance scheme of Rs. 30,000 will be provided to you and for that you have to
pay Rs. 150/ year (only for BPL families) or Rs. 350/year (only for APL families) for the
family of 4 members. The amount will increase according to the number of persons in a
family. And the conditions are as follows:
1. You should consult only the recommended hospitals of the insurance company
(i.e. in Jabalpur and Mandla).
2. The person will claim only in that situation in which he/she admit in the
recommended hospitals at least for 24 hours (1 day).
Are you willing to pay that amount to avail the services of health insurance by keeping in
mind the above conditions? If not then how much amount you able to pay for that
service. (A) Maximum………………….. (B) Minimum………………..
2. If some person of your village will act as a Kinas Mitra, who provides you different services
related to your agric-farms such as agric-expert advices, information about different diseases
and how to cure them, use of pesticides, soil testing, effective use of fertilizers, new
techniques of irrigation etc. To avail this service you have to pay Rs 100/year.
Are you willing to pay Rs 100/Year for this service? If not then how much amount you able
to pay for this service
3. If VLSC shop of your village (if available) or any person of your village will offer you the
services of cycle mechanic at the market rate. Will you use this service or not?
Will you use this service at market rate: (A) Yes (B) No
4. If some person of your village act as a Pasha Mitra, who provides different services to your
animals such as seasonal checkup of your animals, will cure your animals, provide
medicines and injections etc. To avail this service you have to pay Rs 50/animal plus
medicine cost.
5. If the CLSCs will provide you Emergency light on rental basis in your village, will you able
to use this service?
12. Would you like to have a person in the village who act as an agent between banks and
the village and for this service you have to pay some amount depends on the service.
13. Would you like to have a tailor in the village who will stitch your cloths at the same rates
of the nearby market?
GMT is one of the core activities of Udyogini. This program focuses on women; they help
marginalized women to become entrepreneur not just skilled producers. The topics covered
under GMT are motivation for entrepreneurship, business idea generation and marketing, risk
analysis, market survey, value-chain analysis, business plan creation and linkages building. This
training is given to build the capacity of women by training them in fields like: assessing the
feasibility of an enterprise planning and schedule production, understanding and assessing the
market, production / quality management. To simplify these concepts for women, the training
program includes tools like case studies and simulation exercise, role-play and group works.
2 Objectives:
• To motivate and sensitize women to develop and inculcate entrepreneurship within them
• To sensitize women about the necessity and strength of organized power.
• To empower them in collective decision making process
• To help them develop life skills which will help them run their business
3 Methodology:
The methodology used for training depends upon the group under training. The training
methodology varies for groups depending upon whether they are literate or not. A number of
training tools are used like playing games, giving lecture, pictorial cards, group discussions,
explanation on charts, oral representation, money, role play etc. The training module is designed
to encourage active participation of the group members.
5 RAC Place:
Table 5: Groups under Training
Group Name No. of Date of Address Monthly
Members Group Saving
Formation
Jai Maa Santoshi 15 Nov. 2010 Jevra, Block-Niwas Rs 50
Krishnan Mahila Udyog 10 2005 Barbati, Block-Niwas Rs 10
Samuh
Jai Durgavati Mahila Samuh 10 Oct. 2010 Pipariya Block-Niwas Rs 50
Shail Putri Mahila Samuh 10 2006 Dadargaon, Block- Rs 50
Niwas
Maa Durgavati Mahila 15 Nov.2010 Samaiya, Block-Niwas Rs 50
Samuh
Maa Durga Udyog Samuh 10 2006 Devdongari, Block- Rs 30
6 The Process:
9 Lessons Learnt:
• Though we were giving GMT to the Women Entrepreneur Group but it was also training
for us. This training gave us opportunity to interact with very poor but brave women of
the villages.
• We learnt about the factors influencing the rural women to start and operate their
enterprises.
• During the GMT we also learnt the importance of life skills & functional literacy which
will help them to operate & manage their enterprise.
• We also learnt that social rural marketing can bring an economic empowerment with
the help of WEG formation as this inculcates saving habits among the rural women.
• It helped us to understand that giving right information can help people to make right
decision.
• A proactive strategy can bring a sustainable development.
As a grassroots worker we have learned that, without participation of local people we cannot
make any event successful because we can’t judge which is the most important thing needed by
them. During the GMT we found that everyone has some skill, some members have good
knowledge of enterprise and they know how they can generate income only they don’t have
proper guidance and market linkage. Due to the intervention of Udyogini, which is working as a
change agent many of the WEG have become self sufficient and are doing small enterprise like
Case Study
Face Sheet:
Name: Gomati Bai Dhumkati Age: 46
Marital status: Married Educational qualification: Illiterate
Village: Keriba P.O.: Chhapra Block: Niwas
State: Madhya Pradesh
Cast: Schedule Tribe Religion: Hindu
Name of the husband: Mr. Bal Chand Dhumketi
Educational qualification: 8th
No. of family Members: 4
Present family income (Rs):3000
Background:
Gomati Bai Dhumketi is a 46 year old woman; she resides in the village Keriba of Niwas block
in Mandla district. She was married to Bal Chand Dhumketi at the age of 16. She is having a
family of four consisting of a son studying in 12th, a daughter studying in 10th, her husband is an
unskilled labor and works on a daily wage basis. As her husband is an unskilled labor he could
not earn enough money to meet daily requirements, the financial sources are not secure and
living condition is not good. She has a small piece of agriculture land on which she cultivates
kodo, kutki, wheat, rai etc. The income from the agricultural activities is not enough to manage
her household expenses and education related expenses of the children as the land is infertile and
there is an acute shortage of water for irrigation.
Training:
Fed up of her living condition and humiliations that her family faced in the society she was
looking for some activity which could help her in getting some financial support to the family.
At that time Udyogini was expanding its work from Bakori cluster to Babliya cluster and there
only Gomati Bai came into contact with the field staff and other workers of Udyogini. She
joined Udyogini’s Women Entrepreneur Group in 2006 and started saving Rs 25 every month.
After having enough savings, one day she went to Udyogini’s Babliya office and asked for the
VLSC franchise and she took training for 3 months.
Udyogini has helped in transforming her life; she has gained self confidence. Earlier she used
to shy and hesitate to talk but today she can talk to any officials. Now she can ask for
the right price for goods, she now knows about different weights used for weighing products.
She was illiterate but now she has learnt to manage the accounts of her shop with the help of her
husband and children’s. She has got better position and name in the society now she is invited
Future Plans:
As the income from the business allows her to save, she is planning to expand her business. She
has planned to improve the infrastructure of her shop so that she could store more products both
for selling and for procurement. She is also planning to invest for her children’s better
educational facilities.
INTRODUCTION
National Service Scheme was launched in year 1969 with a motto “Not Me, But You” which
means the service for others without being selfish. It is a service through which the nation’s
Youth can develop the community welfare Programs. The NSS promotes the volunteers to come
play etc.
The NSS is directly relevant to the Rural Management student, because the student of RM are
supposed to work under Rural Areas and give the development program for the inclusive
development in Rural Areas. Thus NSS is also a part of development activity and therefore is
This NSS activity helps to built direct linkages between Community and Campus, College and
Village, Knowledge and Action, Thinking and Implementation through the involvement of local
community
2 Objective of NSS:
• To work with local community for their awareness and development.
• To encourage students for daily attendance at the school
• To assimilate and incorporate environmental values in the education
• To aware the villagers specially women about the Pulse Polio Drop and its importance
for their nascent child.
• To support the government schemes.
• To inform the women about the other useful vaccination i.e., ECG, BCG etc
• To motivate small children to go to School.
3 Activity Profile:
1. Participation in Pulse Polio Day
2. Poem and Dancing Competition among Children’s up to 5 years
3. Participation in Republic Day Celebration
4. Teaching in Primary School
5. Essay and Drawing Competition
Approach:
Having the aim to do something for the society, we were searching and planning for the
opportunities since the day-1, and then we came to know that the government is once again
organizing the mega campaign for Pulse Polio. We decided to participate in this program and
started planning. We went Primary Health Centre to meet the Medical officer Dr. P.L. Kori and
introduced ourselves and our purpose of visiting. Coincidently a meeting was organized on that
day for the distribution of field area for Polio vaccine; we also participated in the meeting and
addressed our purpose to all the nurses, asha and the doctor. During the meeting Doctor
introduced us to a nurse named Ms. S. Choudhary (ANM) and Ms. Saroj Warkare (Asha
worker) with whom we had to organize Polio Raviwar. We are very thankful to
the doctor because he gave us this opportunity. On 23rd morning we went to the health centre and
from there we along with the nurse headed towards village Devrikala, booth No.-66. We had to
put our Polio camp in the Primary School, after reaching there we posted Polio Raviwar banners
on the wall and on the outside of the school, our work started by 9 o’clock in the morning.
Along with giving polio drops we were also giving them information on why Polio vaccine is
required. We also asked them whether they have given other vaccines or not, we informed them
about the benefits of vaccine and also encouraged them to give vaccines to their children. Some
very interesting things happened during the program, we came across few children’s who were
very enthusiastic for taking Polio drop, not only this they encouraged many other children to
गोमती : हमारे गाव मे उदोिगनी की कायरकता आये थे उनसे हमे पता चला िक समूह का महतव और
उदम चलाने का तरीका उदोिगनी समूह की मिहला को उदम चलाने का मागरदशनर देती है और
,पिशकण देती है। िजसको जी एम टी बोला जाता हे मैने आस पास के गावं की कानती,गोमती,दोपती
धनोबाई से भी िमली ऒर देखा िक वो लोग अपनी अपनी उदयम चला रही है। इसीिलए मेने भी
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Page 48
पिशकण मे भाग ली ओर अपनी गाम सतरीय सेवा केद खोल ली तुम चाहो तो उदोिगनी के पिशकक के
साथ बात कर सकते हो चलो उनसे बात कर लेते है ।
दोपती: जयादा पिरशान मत हो यहा से पिशकण लेने के बाद बहुत सारी बाई आतमिनभरर हो गई है और
आपना जीवनयापन अचछे से चला रही है हारा अगला पिशकण १४ माचर से शुर हो रहा है तू आ
जाना ..................
उदोिगनी पिशकण के साथ साथ आपको बाजार से जुडाव ओर िवितय सहायता भी देती है ।