Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prelim Reviewer UCSP
Prelim Reviewer UCSP
over time.
5. Archaeology - It deals with the prehistoric
INTRODUCTION TO CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND societies by studying their tools and
POLITICS environment.
Refers to the set of beliefs, ideas, values, practices, Different Perspectives of Culture in Sociology
knowledge, history and shared experiences,
attitudes as well as material objects and Structural Functionalism
possessions, accumulated over time and shared by The assumption that society is stable and orderly
members of society. system.
Two primary categories of culture: It considers culture as a glue that binds society
Material and Non-material together, leading to social order.
The Evolution of Political and Social Institutions Economy works better if the government doesn’t
interfere with the market and allowed to set freely
● Band-level Societies prices on goods and services.(Adam Smith)
Hunting and gathering societies assigned the task Theories on Society and State
of hunting to men, while women were employed
in gathering. Society as a Natural Institution
The earliest societies were comprised of the Ancient Greeks believed that society and its various
hunters and gatherers, and were referred to as institutions are a natural product of man’s
band-level societies, or simply bands. interactions.
Aristotle believed that human beings are social and Self-identity - It is the establishment of a unique
political animals. sense of identity and an awareness of how it
relates to their society and the world.
Society as a Product of Social Contract
Enculturation - It is the process of being socialized
An agreement made by the members of society into a specific culture.
that defines and influences their interactions,
particularly those in authority. Agents of Socialization and Enculturation
Structural Strain Theory on Deviance - tensions Secondary group - Secondary groups are larger,
and strains between socially-approved goals and less intimate, and more specialized groups where
an individual’s ability to meet them will lead to members engage in an impersonal and
deviant behavior objective-oriented relationship. The level of
interaction and interdependence is not that deep
Social Control and significant.
Formal sanction - Provided for by laws and other Self-categorization theory - Self-categorization
regulations in society. Laws are formally designated theory proposes that people’s appreciation of their
to address certain deviant behaviors as crimes, and group membership is influenced by their perception
prescribe sanctions for such acts. towards people who are not members of their
groups.
Informal sanction - Most commonly imposed by
smaller societies, communities or groups. There In-group - An in-group is a group in which one
are no set laws or regulations that define the nature belongs and with which one feels a sense of
of sanctions. identity.
Human rights - It refers to the legal, social and Out-group - A group to which one does not belong
ethical principles that consider the human person and to which they may have a sense of
as deserving of liberties and protections by virtue of competitiveness or hostility.
their human dignity.
Reference group - A group to which an individual
Characteristics of human rights: Universal, compares himself. It influences an individual’s
Absolute, Indivisible, Fundamental behaviors and attitudes.