Q1 SHS UCSP Module 4
Q1 SHS UCSP Module 4
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
The Biological, Cultural, and
Sociopolitical Evolution of
Humans
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics – Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 4: The Biological, Cultural, and Sociopolitical Evolution of
Humans
First Edition, 2020
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Let Us Learn!
This module will guide you in understanding the biological, cultural, and
sociopolitical development of humans and society.
After you finished with the module, you are expected to:
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Let Us Try!
Recall your lessons about the evolution of man in world history. Create a
timeline to show the distinct features of the evolution of humans from the
earliest known species up to the present.
Let Us Study
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Where did we come from? How did society begin? Explain the belief of your
family about the beginning of human beings. Illustrate it below.
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human evolution, there is a missing link. The missing link is the extinct
organism, a fossil that will bridge the evolutionary line between modern
humans and apes.
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100, 0000- 33,000 Neanderthals in
years ago Europe and Western
Asia
40,000 years ago Long blades tool,
moved from Siberia to
Alaska
30, 000 years ago Homo sapiens sapiens, Venus figurine
the first human being
of the modern type
found in China
20, 000 years ago Chaucer cave in France
17,000 years ago Altamira cave paintings
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Other human biological adaptations are reducing of body hair,
development of a chin, a descended larynx, and the constant use of vision
instead of smell.
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▪ Copper and tin alloy was discovered
▪ Bronze, a harder metal give way to
innovations like plow and the wheel
▪ Advance architecture seen in stone
walled houses with fireplace
The Bronze Age
▪ Textile was also invented
Period
▪ Villages and cities were formed
▪ An organized government, law, religion
started
▪ Ancient Egyptian writing, the
hieroglyphs created in this period
▪ The discovery of forging iron with heat
is the most important discovery.
▪ Mass production of steel tools and
weapons
▪ More advancement in the field of
architecture with bigger houses and
The Iron Age
stables.
▪ City planning was noted
▪ Advancement in agriculture, art, and
religion.
▪ A more sophisticated system of writing
including alphabets emerged
Based from the above table, in what age of the human evolution that the
sociopolitical evolution of humans begins?
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The Process of Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution of Humans
In our society, there are two distinct social roles. First are the working
or creative roles. These are the entrepreneurs, artists and craftspeople,
scientists, and other important workers and professionals. These people are
responsible for the continuation and development of culture. The second is
the maintenance role whose main responsibility is to maintain the social
traditions and structure. These are the government officials, politicians,
priests, and leaders of different institutions. The relationship of these two
roles is crucial in cultural and sociopolitical evolution.
When did humans start to assume and assign specific roles and functions to
its members?
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Below is the summary of development of the cultural and sociopolitical
structure (Elpel, 2009).
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Divine ▪ Built great buildings ▪ Large and complex
kingdom and temples, cities are chiefdoms, known as city-
built around these states
temples ▪ See their leaders as living
▪ Involved in idol-making gods who’s responsible for
whom they worship as prosperity, health and
god which made Clay security of their kingdom
figurines common in
this age.
Agricultural ▪ Men switched from ▪ Social relation focused on
State hunting to farming the basic production of
making them the heads goods, which is farming,
of the household men started to dominate
▪ People began to see government, religion, and
themselves through the politics, while women
eyes of their culture dominate the area of family
and conform to society’s and home.
standards and ▪ Distinct specialization and
expectations classes- military, clergy
and government were
created
▪ State government own the
exclusive right to use force
through police and military
power
▪ With the military power,
states were able to conquer
and expand beginning the
era of colonialism
Industrial ▪ The age of ▪ Organized system of
State manufacturing and government
(modern advance technology ▪ Worldwide integration
world)
▪ Integration of culture ▪ Men and women worked
▪ Characterized by the again as equals, side by
shift of perception, side in factories and offices
where people are more
concentrated on their
destinations rather
than the journey
There is no doubt that our culture, society, and politics undergo rapid
changes and development. Even from the beginning, human beings always
looked for ways to understand the world by creating tools, forming groups,
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and establishing religion and government. It has been noted that as the
brain of the early humans developed, their way of doing things also
developed. This we can presume that our culture is the result of humans'
conscious thinking and many of its cultural activity is the result of humans'
struggle to adapt to his environment.
Let Us Practice
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Let Us Practice More
Explain the significance of the following symbols and practices of the early
humans.
1. stone tools
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2. cave painting
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Let Us Remember
Let Us Assess
I. Multiple Choice. Read each question carefully. Select the letter of the
correct answer.
1. Which of the following BEST describes the culture of the early Paleolithic
period?
a. They lived in the city. c. They created tools made of iron.
b. They hunted and gathered food. d. They had belief in one god.
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2. Which of the following is the earliest known species of humans?
a. Homo Erectus c. Homo Habilis
b. Homo Ergaster d. Homo Sapiens
5. Which of the following describes the role of women during paleolithic age?
a. They stayed home. c. They gathered fruits.
b. They hunted big animals. d. They tended gardens.
6. Which changes during the Neolithic age resulted in the creation of settled
community?
a. cave painting c. development of agriculture
b. discovery of fire d. development of religion
8. Which of the following is the result of over production of food during the
agriculture period?
a. People migrated to a less populated area.
b. People started to conquer neighboring lands.
c. People returned to hunting and gathering of food.
d. People learned to develop new skill and became artisans.
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10. Which of the following is characterized by advance technology and fast
pace life of humans?
a. agriculture state b. chiefdoms c. divine kingdom d. industrial state
Let Us Enhance
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Let Us Reflect
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II. Multiple Choice
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. D
Answer Key to Activities
References
Books
Abulencia, A.S. et.al. (2017). Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences.
Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines
Online
Elpel, T.J. (2009). Cultural Evolution (Technology, Population and Social-
Political Organization. Society of Primitive Technology’s Bulletin of Primitive
Technology, Issue #38. Retrieved from
https://www.hollowtop.com/spt_html/CulturalEvolution.hm
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