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To The Philosophy of The Human Person: Quarter 1 - Module 1
To The Philosophy of The Human Person: Quarter 1 - Module 1
Introduction
to the Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Doing Philosophy
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Introduction
to the Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Doing Philosophy
ii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Self-
Learning Module on Doing Philosophy.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
iii
This module has the following parts:
Analysis : In this phase, you will process and classify what is valid
and not for a more in-depth understanding.
Abstraction : This part leads you in reinforcing what you know and
should know more. Exercises are presented for
independent practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic.
Application : This stage brings you to a more practical way that you are
going to use what you have learned and think new ways
on how it can be improved further.
iv
CONTENTS OF THE MODULE
Page
CONTENT STANDARD 1
PERFORMANCE STANDARD 1
LEARNING COMPETENCIES 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1
1
LESSON I
Doing Philosophy
CONTENT STANDARD
The learner understands the meaning and process of doing philosophy.
CONTENT STANDARD
The learner understands the meaning and process of doing philosophy
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner reflects on a concrete experience in a philosophical way
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
1.1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view
(PPT11/12-Ia-11).
1.2. Recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate reflection
(PPT11/12 Ib-1.2)
1.3. Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective
on life (PPT11/12-Ib-1.3)
1.4. Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic
Perspective (PPT11/12-Ic-1.4)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view
2. Recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate reflection
3. Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective
in life
4. Doing a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic
perception.
1
INTRODUCTION
PRE-TEST
As part of your initial activity, you will be challenged to test your knowledge
on the topic. To assess what you already know about the topic.
Have fun and good luck.
Directions: Read and understand each statement and write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet. (½ lengthwise)
1. What do you call the study that is concerned with a particular objective of
investigation?
A. Logic
B. Bahala Na
C. Study of all things
D. First cause or Highest Principles
2
3. What kind of principle states that nothing exists without sufficient reason for its being
and existence?
A. Ethics
B. Logic
C. Principle of excluded middle
D. Principle of Sufficient reason
4. Whatever is; whatever is not is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own
being, and not being is not being. What principle is this?
A. Principle of Identity
B. Principle of excluded middle
C.Principle of Non-contradiction
D. Principle of Sufficient reason
5. What kind of philosophy investigates things not by using any other laboratory
instrument or investigative tools, neither on the basis of supernatural revelation?
A. Metaphysics
B. Philosophy
C. Science
D. Natural light of reasoning
6. What kind of principle declares that “a thing is either is or is not; everything must be
either be or not be; between being and not-being, there is no middle ground possible”?
A. Principle of Identity
B. Principle of excluded middle
C. Principle of Noncontradiction
D. Principle of Sufficient reason
7. What kind of principle states that it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at
the same time, and at the same respect?
A. Epistemology
B. Metaphysics
C. Principle of Identity
D. Principle of Noncontradiction
3
9. What kind of principle states that from which something proceeds in any manner?
A. Principle of Identity
B. Principle of Noncontradiction
C. Principle of excluded middle
D. First cause or Highest Principles
10. What branch of science states that by natural light of reason study the first cause
or highest principles of all things?
A. Metaphysics
B. Philosophy
C. Science
D. Natural light of Reasoning
12. What would happen if Metaphysics, one of the branches of philosophy, is omitted?
A. No moral virtue and evaluates human actions
B. No nature, source, limitation and validity of knowledge
C. No studies the first causes or highest principles of all things
D. No fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is
real.
4
15. Where did the Bahala Na attitude of the Filipino come from?
A. From the Spaniards
B. From the ideas of all philosophers
C. From the name of a supreme being which is Batula or Bathala
D. From the name of an ancient people that gives their ideas and opinions.
This module will provide you with the importance of philosophy. You will find
out how philosophy works in our daily lives, the way you are thinking and the way you
will express your art of reasoning.
MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY
The word philosophy springs from the Greek words philia (love) and sophia
(wisdom) and means “the love of wisdom.” Pythagoras was said to have been the
primary man to call himself a philosopher; of course, the globe is indebted to him for
the word philosopher. It is said that when Leon, the tyrant of Philius, asked him of who
he was, he said, “a Philosopher” and he likened the Philosopher to spectators at
ancient games. Before that point the wise men had called themselves a sage, which
was interpreted to mean those that know.
5
ACTIVITY: Complete the table below. Write your answer in your notebook.
ANALYSIS
ACTIVITY
Answer the following questions and write your answer in your notebook.
6
ABSTRACTION
2. Natural light of Reasoning - investigating things not by using the other laboratory
instruments or investigative tools, neither on the idea of supernatural revelation.
B. Ethics- explores the character of ethical virtue and evaluates human actions.
Generally, it is the study of the character of ethical judgment, a way to tell good from
evil or right from wrong. Ethics is that the branch of philosophy that explores the
character of ethical virtue and evaluates human activity.
7
• How do we all know what we claim to know?
• How will we determine what we wish to know?
• How will we differentiate truth from falsehood?
• Two parts in acquiring knowledge Induction Things that are seen, heard and
touched are more important which the ideas are formed from the examination
of particular facts.
Philosophers who feel that knowledge is acquired during this way are called
empiricists.
• Empiricism – is that the view that knowledge will be attained only through sense
datum.
Deduction General Law in steps with which particular facts are understood or judged.
Rationalists the real knowledge relies on the logic, the laws, and therefore the methods
that reasons develop.
D. Logic - is taken into account as a tool and thus doesn't contribute on to the content
of the thoughts. It is the validity of the arguments regarding such objects. The term
“logic” comes from the Greek word logike and was coined by Zeno, the stoic (c.340-
265BC), it means a treatise on matters regarding human thought.
E. Aesthetics- Establishing the factors of beauty. it's the science of the attractive in
its various manifestations including grandeur, comic, tragic, pathetic and ugly.
Importance of Aesthetics
• Vitalizes the knowledge
• To live more deeply and richly
• Keeping in-tuned with the culture
Traditions Many philosophers hold that there are three great original centers of
philosophy within the world; Greek (or western), India, and Chinese. All three arose as
critical reflections on their own cultural traditions. Historically, Asian classics of the
Indians and also the Chinese predate the oldest of the Western Classics. Indian and
Chinese philosophers of note also lived earlier then the Greek counterparts (Quito
1991)
8
Philosophers that consist the Greek Triumvirate
1. Western philosophers believe that life begins and ends in an exceedingly line while
the Oriental believes during a circular manner within which the tip conjoins the
beginning in an exceedingly cyclic style.
3. The acceptance of the validity of intuition and mysticism. Oriental are perceiving of
transcending the limitation of the human intellect and treading on a non-man land
where the verification of one’s premise isn't possible.
3. Bahala Na
- came from the name of a God which is the Batula or Bathala. It literally means to
travel away from everything to god who is bathala within the vernacular. Bahala
9
philosophy puts complete trust within the divine providence; it contains the element of
resignation.
EXERCISE
In your notebook, draw this timeline. This exercise aims to examine the wackiest and
worst time; in search of the meaning behind your life.
What did you learn about your What did you learn about your
purpose? purpose?
10
APPLICATION
B. Photo Essay.
Take a picture regarding the events of the Earth Hour, an hour where cities and
landmarks turn off their lights. Write insights on your photos to be paste on your
notebook, regarding this question;
“What are the implications of earth hour being interconnected in a global
society?
POST-TEST
Directions: Read and understand each statement and write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet. (½ lengthwise)
1. What kind of Filipino philosophy wherein Filipino believes in ‘gulong ng palad’ (wheel
of fortune) and looks at life as a series of up and downs and makes the Filipino an
unmitigated optimist?
A. Bahala Na
B. Logic
C. Study of all things
D. Filipino Philosophy of Time
2. What kind of principle states that nothing exists without sufficient reason for its being
and existence?
A. Ethics
B. Logic
C. Principle of excluded middle
D. Principle of Sufficient reason
11
3. What kind of philosophy investigates things not by using any other laboratory
instrument or investigative tools, neither on the basis of supernatural revelation?
A. Metaphysics
B. Philosophy
C. Science
D. Natural light of reasoning
5. What branch of science that by natural light of reason studies the first cause or
highest principles of all things?
A. Metaphysics
B. Philosophy
C. Science
D. Natural light of reasoning
7. What kind of Filipino Philosophy which came from the name of a supreme being
which is Batula or Bathala?
A. Bahala Na
B. Logic
C. Study of all things
D. Filipino Philosophy of Time
8. What do you call the study that is concerned with a particular objective of
investigation?
A. Bahala Na
B. Logic
C. Study of all things
D. First cause or Highest Principles
12
9. What principle states that it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same
time, and at the same respect?
A. Epistemology
B. Metaphysics
C. Principle of Identity
D. Principle of Noncontradiction
10. What principle states that from which something proceeds in any manner?
A. Principle of Identity
B. Principle of Noncontradiction
C. Principle of excluded middle
D. First cause or Highest Principles
11. Whatever is; whatever is not is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own
being, and not being is not being. What principle is this?
A. Principle of Identity
B. Principle of Noncontradiction
C. Principle of excluded middle
D. Principle of Sufficient reason
14. Where did the Bahala Na attitude of the Filipino come from?
A. From the Spaniards
B. From the ideas of all philosophers
C. From the name of a supreme being which is Batula or Bathala
D. From the name of an ancient people that gives their ideas and opinions.
13
15. What is the focus of the study of Metaphysics?
A. Deals with nature, source, limitation and validity of knowledge.
B. Exploring the nature of moral virtue and evaluating human actions.
C. Impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and at the same
respect.
D. An extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to
know what is real.
14
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15
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