Class VI

Class VI
Subject: Computer SCIENCE

Read the entire chapter carefully and
perform the assignment given in your copy
** No separate copy for Holiday
Homework
Types of Computer
With the advancement in technology, various types of computers are developed
for organizations and individuals serving different needs and purposes.
Computers vary from each other on the basis of processing speed, storage
capacity, areas of application etc.
Computers are broadly categorized into:
1. Supercomputer
2. Mainframe computer
3. Microcomputer
4. Minicomputer
5. Mobile
6. Console Game
7. Embedded computer
1. Supercomputer:-
■.
Supercomputers are the fastest computer and have a large data storage
capacity.
■.
It has multiple processors.
■. A supercomputer can execute more than 100 millions of instructions in a
second.
■. It has higher establishment cost than other computers.
■. Example of Indian Supercomputers:-PARAM 2000, ANURAG.
■.
Super computers are used in highly sophisticated areas such as
Meteorology, space research, weather forecasting, aerodynamics etc.
2. Mainframe Computer:-
■
A mainframe computer is a very large size computer which is capable of
supporting thousands of users simultaneously.
■
It has very high storage capacity.
■ They are very expensive.
■ They are sensitive to variation in temperature, dust etc.
■ Example- IBM 4381, CDC cyber-series etc.
■ Used to link nation wide networks through satellites, In advanced
scientific researches, nuclear studies, in banks, government department
etc.
3. Minicomputer:-
■ A minicomputer supports the working of several users at a
time.
■ It has a large memory, high storage capacity & higher
computing power than microcomputer.
■ It is capable of supporting 200 users simultaneously.
■ Example- HCL Magnum, VAX 7500 etc.
■ Used for data processing and research work, computer aided
designs, Industrial applications, In engineering firms and
colleges.
4. Micro computer:-
■ A microcomputer is meant for personal use or single user.
■ It is a small size computer that has a microprocessor chip i.e. CPU.
■ It is also known as ‘Personal computer’ or ‘Desktop Computer’ as
they are designed to be used by individual users.
■ Operating Systems like DOS, MS Windows, LINUX, MAC OS are
used in this type of computer.
■ Example- IBM PC 100,200, Apple Macintosh etc.
■
Used at home, school, offices, cyber cafes etc.
5. Mobile:-
■ Mobile is a mini hand-held portable & wireless telecom device. We
use mobile phone to make voice call, send & receive SMS, MMS,
Email and to use internet services.
6. Console Game:-
■ Console game is a device that is primarily designed to play games
with the help of keyboard & Joystick that is displayed on a TV or
Monitor.
■
Example-Xbox, Play station series etc.
7. Embedded computer:-
■ An embedded computer is a combination of computer & other
devices which is meant for dedicated work.
■
Used in ATMs, Washing Machine, Microwave oven etc.
Data Processing in Computer
Computer is made up of several electronic components that function
together as per the set of instructions to provide result. Computer works in
three steps:-
Input  Process  Output
■
User provides input to computer using input devices like Keyboard,
Mouse, Joystick etc. Input means the feeding of raw data into the
computer.
■ Processing is the manipulation of data. It includes calculation,
comparison, etc. Processing is done in CPU which is also known as
‘Brain of Computer’.
■ Output is desired information or result that is received from the
computer after the processing of raw data. Monitor, Projector & Screen,
Printer etc. are the example of output devices.
Data Processing in computer
To perform different functioning , CPU constitutes:-
Arithmetic Logic Unit:- It performs arithmetical calculation (like-
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division) and also does logical
comparisons (equal to, not equal to, less than, greater than).
Memory Unit:- It store data, instruction, intermediate result and final
results which are ready for output.
Control Unit:- It control all the hardware devices. It also co-ordinates the
flow and execution of the data and instruction that are fed into the
computer’s memory.
Computer
Language
■We have learnt that a computer processes the raw data to produce a
meaningful information. But a computer does not work by itself.
■ The execution of any task takes place inside the computer through pre-
defined set of commands and instructions called ‘Program’.
■ A program is a set of instructions or commands which are written in a
computer language to accomplish a task. These instructions and
commands tell the computer what to do and how.
■ Computer does all its task in its own language known as Machine
Language.
Generations of language
First Generation Language:- The first generation of programming
language made use of machine language. The machine language consists
of 0s and 1s only. It is also known as Binary language. It is also known as
Low level language. It is the language that is understood directly by the
computer but it is difficult for programmers to understand, learn and write
instruction in this language.
Second Generation Language:- It comprises of assembly language. The

assembly language uses symbolic codes to write any instruction. The use
of symbolic codes made programming a bit simpler.
Computer Language
Third Generation Language:- In this generation, High Level Languages
like QBASIC,C,C++ were developed. In HLL we can write the codes of
programs in simple language like English under it’s own syntax.Computer
can’t understand HLL so it is converted into the Machine Language inside
the computer.
Fourth Generation Language:- They are modern high level languages.

While working in this generation the user needs to only focus on output
rather than the steps to achieve the output.
Report Builder is one of the most common example of 4th Generation
Language.
Types of Language Processor
Language processor is a software that converts programs written in high
level language into machine level language. It is also known as language
translator
Some commonly used language translators are:-
■
Assembler:- An assembler is a language processor that converts
instructions written in assembly language into machine level language.
eg. Assembly language
■ Interpreter:- An interpreter converts the program written in High Level
Language into machine level language line by line.e.g.QBASIC, Python.
■ Compiler:- A compiler converts the whole program written in any high
level language into machine language and checks the whole program
from beginning to end at one go.eg-C++,java
Assignment
A. Identify the Computer:-

(a) We use this computer at home:________________
(b) We use this computer in space research, weather forecasting: ___________
(c) We use this computer in banks or government departments: ____________
(d) We use this computer in engineering firms and colleges: ______________
B. What are the basis on which computers are categorised?
C. Collect /Draw one picture of each:-
(a) Supercomputer (c) Micro computer.
(b) Mainframe computer (d) Embedded computer

D. Define:- (a) Program (b) Binary Language (c) Machine
Language (d) Translator (e) Assembler
E. Write example of
(a) Input Device (b) Output Device
(c) High Level Language
F. Differentiate between :(a) Interpreter and Compiler.
(b) Third generation and fourth generation language
(c) Main frame Computer and Super Computer
G. Write their full form:- (a) SMS (b) MMS
(c) IBM (d) CPU

H. What are the three steps in Data processing. Explain in brief.
I. Why do you need a computer language. Explain.
J. What are the three units of computer that are involved in Data processing.
Explain.
K. What do you mean by computer language. Explain.

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Subject: Computer SCIENCE

Second Generation Language:- It comprises of assembly language. The

Fourth Generation Language:- They are modern high level languages.

A. Identify the Computer:-

B. What are the basis on which computers are categorised?

C. Collect /Draw one picture of each:-

(a) Supercomputer (c) Micro computer.

(b) Mainframe computer (d) Embedded computer

Language (d) Translator (e) Assembler

(a) Input Device (b) Output Device

(c) High Level Language

F. Differentiate between :(a) Interpreter and Compiler.

(b) Third generation and fourth generation language

(c) Main frame Computer and Super Computer

G. Write their full form:- (a) SMS (b) MMS

(c) IBM (d) CPU

I. Why do you need a computer language. Explain.

K. What do you mean by computer language. Explain.

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