R epublic of the P hilippines

D epartment of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DAGUPAN CITY
DAGUPAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
`City of Dagupan

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Holistic Perspective vs. Partial Point of View

Quarter 1-Module 1

PRE-TEST
Directions: Write the letter of your answer on the line before the number.

_____ 1. What is philosophy?

A. Love of God C. Love of others
B. Love of wisdom D. Love of knowledge
_____ 2. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, Philosophy means the rational, abstract, and
_________ consideration of reality as a whole or of fundamental dimensions of human
existence and experience.
A. astronomical C. legal
B. critical D. methodical
_____ 3. How was Philosophy classified?
A. alphabetical C. geographical
B. biblical D. textual
_____ 4. The term Philosophy as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary; a general
understanding of values and reality by chiefly __________ rather than observational means.
A. specific C. sectional
B. speculative D. sensational
_____ 5. Philosophy is the search for the meaning of life.
A. Absolute truth C. Partial truth
B. Absolute lie D. Partial lie

For items 6-10

Directions: Identify what perspective/view is presented in the given situation.

_____ 6. A mother listens first to both concerns of her two arguing daughters before making any
conclusions about the situation/issue.
A. Holistic Perspective
B. Partial Point of View
_____ 7. King Solomon was confronted by two quarrelling mothers. After listening to both versions
of the story, he then decided to cut the living baby.
A. Holistic Perspective
B. Partial Point of View
_____ 8. Dr. Jin was wrongfully accused and terminated in her job by his boss, because of a very
malicious fb post that went viral against her without even giving her the change to defend
herself.
A. Holistic Perspective
B. Partial Point of View
_____ 9. A team leader volunteered his team with the goal of receiving the reward without even
asking the opinions of the team.

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 A. Holistic Perspective
B. Partial Point of View
_____ 10. It means considering all aspects before jumping to any conclusions or generalizations
about a certain issue or situation.
A. Holistic Perspective
B. Partial Point of View

PHILOSOPHY

The following are definitions of Philosophy from various sources:

1. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica (2020), Philosophy (Latin, philosophia) came from the
Greek words: “philos” (which means love) and “sophia” (which means wisdom). It means the
rational, abstract, and methodical consideration of reality as a whole or of fundamental dimensions
of human existence and experience.
2. A search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather than
observational means (MerriamWebster, 2020).
3. The critical study of the basic principles and concepts of a particular branch and knowledge,
especially with a view to improving or reconstituting them (Dictionary.com, 2020).
4. Philosophy is the perpetual pursuit for the truth. Philosophy is a huge subject that is somehow
classified geographically. These are: Eastern Philosophy, Western Philosophy, and African Philosophy
(considerably and arguably the third branch).

HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE AND PARTIAL POINT OF VIEW

1.As one engages in philosophy, it is common to experience and come across with philosophical
inquiry/inquiries; which will eventually lead between holistic perspective and/or partial point of
view. This is pivotal because it sets boundaries in on the statement of generalizations in certain
circumstances (Gilbuena, 2018).
2. It is innate among human beings to respond to questions; and in so doing, two varying
perspectives/views are considered to come up with reasonable and consensual responses (Rollo,
2016).

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According to Gilbuena (2018), it can be considered that the usage of the holistic perspective is more
desirable in doing philosophy rather than the usage of the partial point of view; because partial point
of view only posits limited information about a certain problem or situation. That might lead to
imprecise conclusions. Do you agree with Gilbuena? Why or why not? Philosophical reflection allows
a person to look back on previous experiences and evaluate the meaning or significance of ones life.
A philosophically sound-minded person is cautious in ones manner of thinking.

EXAMPLES OF PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS:

1. Does God exist?

2. What is life and its essence?
3. What is more essential, knowledge or wisdom? Philosophy enables reflective thinking which
greatly influences a person’s view of life, challenges, and relationships. Remember that it should not
be mistaken for the Filipino activity or form entertainment which is “pamimilosopo” or pedantry.
Philosophy is the way of gaining wisdom and is the pursuit for the truth (Gilbuena, 2018).

ACTIVITY 1 . Directions: In this activity you are to share something about yourself. Please update
your Facebook with your Complete Name and true profile picture.

ACTIVITY 2 . Directions: Look at the pictures below. What can you say about them? Describe their
similarities and differences. Write your description on the space provided.

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ACTIVITY 3. Directions: Answer the following questions succinctly.

1. What is the importance of philosophy?

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

2. What is life and its essence? (Answer these questions in a Holistic perspective/view).
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

3. Write your reflection. “The unexamined life is not worth living.” ~ Socrates
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 4. Directions: Differentiate Holistic from Partial perspective/view through a comics story.
Use the provided spaces for your story, be sure to put a title for each story.

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POST TEST. Directions: Write the letter of your answer on the line before the number.

_____ 1. How does a philosophically sound-minded person reacts on unfortunate circumstances?

A. Acts cautiously. C. Thinks discreetly.
B. Acts abruptly. D. Thinks imperceptibly.
_____ 2. How was Philosophy classified?
A. alphabetical C. geographical
B. biblical D. textual
_____ 3. Philosophy is the search for the meaning of life.
A. Absolute truth C. Partial truth
B. Absolute lie D. Partial lie
_____ 4. Timmy always has a ready proverbs or sayings in a form of “patama lines” for his friends. In
this account, what is the presented act of Timmy?
A. Pamimilosopiya C. Pakikipag kapwa-tao
B. Pamimilosopo D. Pakikipag kaibigan
_____ 5. What is philosophy?
A. Love of God C. Love of others
B. Love of wisdom D. Love of knowledge
_____ 6. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, Philosophy means the rational, abstract, and
________ consideration of reality as a whole or of fundamental dimensions of human
existence and experience.
A. astronomical C. legal
B. critical D. methodical
_____ 7. Dictionary.com defined Philosophy as decisive study of the basic principles and concepts of
a particular branch and knowledge, especially with a view to improving /reconstituting them.
A. True. C. False, it is critical.
B. True, it is decisive. D. False.
_____ 8. Philosophy is the way to liberate oneself from ignorance.
A. Absolute truth C. Partial truth
B. Absolute lie D. Partial lie
_____ 9. What is philosophy?
A. Love of God C. Love of others
B. Love of wisdom D. Love of knowledge
_____ 10. The term Philosophy as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary; a general
understanding of values and reality by chiefly _______ rather than observational means.
A. specific C. sectional
B. speculative D. sensational

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

The Value of Doing Philosophy

Quarter 1, Module 2

Learning Objective:

1.2. Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective in life.
(Nahihinuha na: Mahalaga ang pamimilosopiya upang magkaroon ng malawakang pananaw sa
buhay.) PPT11/12-Ib-1.2

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PRE-TEST. Directions: Write the letter of your answer on the line before the number.

_____ 1. It means to relate to or devote to the study of the funda mental nature of
knowledge, reality, and existence.
A. Common Sense C. Scientific Inquiry
B. Philosophical Inquiry D. Systematic Inquiry

_____ 2. It is the term used for the basic ability to perceive, under stand, and judge thing s
that are shared by
(common to) nearly all people without need for debate.
A. Common Sense C. Scientific Inquiry
B. Philosophical Inquiry D. Systematic Inquiry

_____ 3. What is the term used for the based on or characterized by the methods and principles
of science?
A. Common Sense C. Scientific Inquiry
B. Philosophical Inquiry D. Systematic Inquiry

_____ 4. It means the act of thinking.

A. Determining C. Questioning
B. Philosophizing D. Understanding

_____ 5. It is the ability to have a clear and deep understanding.

A. Entice C. Insight
B. Ensign D. Induce
For items 6 to 10
Directions: Choose (letters A to C only) the appropriate level of inquiry for the following
scenarios/statements.

_____ 6. If there are fifteen crows on the fence and the farmer shoots a third of them, how many
are left?
A. Common Sense C. Scientific Inquiry
B. Philosophical Inquiry

_____ 7. “Madaling maging tao, mahirap magpakatao.”

A. Common Sense C. Scientific Inquiry
B. Philosophical Inquiry

_____ 8. “He who has a WHY to live for can bear almost any HOW” by Friedrich Nitzsche.
A. Common Sense C. Scientific Inquiry
B. Philosophical Inquiry

_____ 9. How do viruses mutate?

A. Common Sense C. Scientific Inquiry
B. Philosophical Inquiry

_____ 10. Kung ang suka ay vinegar, ano naman ang Ingles ng toyo?
A. Common Sense C. Scientific Inquiry
B. Philosophical Inquiry

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THREE LEVELS OF INQUIRIES

COMMON SENSE - a basic ability to perceive, under stand, and judge thing s that are shared by
(common to) nearly all people without need for debate.

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY - based on or characterized by the methods and principles of science.

PHILOSOPHICAL INQUIRY - relating to or devoted to the study of the fundamental nature of

knowledge, reality, and existence.

DISCIPLINE OF QUESTIONING
Questions are part and parcel of human existence. Its inevitability is
acknowledged especially in times when a person searches for the meaning of life. This very
act leads a person to progress rather than stagnation and arresting of growth.

INSIGHT (the ability to have) - a clear, deep, and sometimes sudden understanding of a complicated
problem or situation (Cambridge Dictionary, 2020).

PHILOSOPHIZING (act of thinking) - according to the Merriam-Webster, it means to reason in the

manner of a philosopher and to consider from or bring into conformity with a philosophical point of
view (Merriam-Webster, 2020).

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? HOW DO WE DO PHILOSOPHIZING?

Seremonia (September, 2014)

Philosophy is love of wisdom. Philosophy is a way to reveal the truth about the various
stages of life and everything associated with it and to reveal the fulfillment of the purpose for each
stage of the life and to express the way for the realization of these things are in a relevant way, in
order to obtain the best compromise of all that we face.

Through philosophizing should not merely [depend on the] deepening our understanding
about something, but that we are more aware about how something can be beneficial to us or not
with a certain way peculiar to ourselves personally. Whether we are using logical thinking,
spirituality or any other means to understand something, but eventually, it must guide us to an
essential (deeper) understanding about ourselves and place where we live and that can be used by
us to make a better adjustment in all that we face.,This understanding about how do we do
“philosophizing” can be used as a reminder that “love of wisdom” shouldn’t be narrowed to a
condition which put us to use rational argument only. It has to do with “to be open minded” and for
our better life (not just emotional debate, not giving clear decision for what should we do). Because
if we love qualities, then we must have it appropriately, otherwise it’s not the kind of loving.
Essentially, philosophizing should make us know things as it is, and implement it appropriately,
gradually, become better and better constantly. In other words: To Be Open Minded To Know
Something As It Is And Act Upon It As It Should Be Relevantly Within Priorities.

THREE LEVELS OF INQUIRIES:

COMMON SENSE - a basic ability to perceive, understand, and judge thing s that are shared
by (common to) nearly all people without need for debate.
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY - based on or characterized by the methods and principles of science.
PHILOSOPHICAL INQUIRY - relating to or devoted to the study of the fundamental nature of
knowledge, reality, and existence.
DISCIPLINE OF QUESTIONING

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 Questions are part and parcel of human existence. Its inevitability is acknowledged
especially in times when a person searches for the meaning of life. This very act leads a person to
progress rather than stagnation and arresting of growth.
INSIGHT - (the ability to have) a clear, deep, and sometimes sudden understanding of a complicated
problem or situation (Cambridge Dictionary, 2020).
PHILOSOPHIZING (act of thinking) - according to the Merriam-Webster, it means to reason in the
manner of a philosopher and to consider from or bring into conformity with a philosophical point of
view (Merriam-Webster, 2020).

“Man is a questioning being. And got no “definite answers” that’s why we always wonder and keep
on searching answers.”

ACTIVITY 1
A. Directions: Complete the table below.

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B. Directions: Based on your answers in Practice Time 1 (A). Reflect and explain your answer on the
space provided.

1. What must be done before making actions?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________

2. Is it helpful that you do this before making actions? Why o why not?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________

3. As a Senior School student, what have you realized about this activity?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________

POST TEST

Directions: Write the letter of your answer on the line before the number.
_____ 1. What is the term used for the based on or
characterized by the methods and principles of science?
A. Common Sense C. Scientific Inquiry
B. Philosophical Inquiry D. Systematic Inquiry

_____ 2. ___________ is part nada parcel of human existence.

A. Deciphering C. Forging
B. Justifying D. Questioning

_____ 3. Philosophizing should not only be about deepening one’s understanding but also put into
priority the things that are ______.
A. beneficial C. social
B. quintessential D. terrestrial

_____ 4. Philosophical inquiry is the works of the ________.

A. conscience C. logic
B. heart or emotions D. mind or thoughts

_____ 5. It means the act of thinking

A. Determining C. Questioning
B. Philosophizing D. Understanding

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_____ 6. It is the term used for the basic ability to perceive, understand, and judge thing s that are
shared by (common to) nearly all people without need for debate.
A. Common Sense C. Scientific Inquiry
B. Philosophical Inquiry D. Systematic Inquiry

_____ 7. According to the article by Seremonia in her blog, that “_________ shouldn’t be narrowed
to a condition which put us to use rational argument only.
A. love of oneself C. love of knowledge
B. love of God D. love of wisdom

_____ 8. It means to relate to or devote to the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge,
reality, and existence.
A. Common Sense C. Scientific Inquiry
B. Philosophical Inquiry D. Systematic Inquiry

_____ 9. Philosophy is a way to reveal the _____________.

A. heavenly C. truth
B. mysteries D. vortex of life

_____ 10. It is the ability to have a clear and deep understanding.

A. Entice C. Insight
B. Ensign D. Induce

********Q1 MODULE #3 is not included because it’s almost the same with Module 1. Please
proceed to Module #4.

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Opinion vs. Truth

Quarter 1, Module 4

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

2.1. Distinguish opinion from truth. (Nakikilala ang pagkakaiba ng katotohanan sa opinion.)
PPT11/12-Ic-1.4

PRE-TEST
Directions: Write True or False on the space before the number.
_____ 1. Truth means a transcendent fundamental or spiritual reality.
_____ 2. Illusions are the fundamentals of well-generated facts.
_____ 3. Ang pamamaraan ng pamimilosopiya ay nag-uumpisa sa pagtatanong ayon sa mga pahayag
ni Geoffrey A. Guevara sa kanyang aklat.
_____ 4. Sa paghahanap sa katotohanan, kailangang maging malay sa dalawang panig na
nagsasalubungan at kung minsan ay nagbabanggaan: ang nagsasalita at ang kausap.

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_____ 5. Sa pagtatanong nasusuri ang mga karimlan ng kalawakan.
_____ 6. Opinion means a view, judgment, appraisal formed in the mind about a particular matter
or a belief stronger than impression and less strong than positive knowledge.
_____ 7. Impressions are pivotal instruments in philosophizing.
_____ 8. Opinions vary.
_____ 9. Opinions can never be basis of truth in any circumstances and at any cost.
_____ 10. Truth can be based on occurrences or situations

ANG MGA PAMAMARAAN NG PAMIMILOSOPIYA

Geoffrey A. Guevara
“Ang pamamaraan ng pilosopiya ay nagsisimmula sa pagtatanong at sa hindi matapos na
pagtatanong bilang dulo. Mga tanong na sunod-sunod hanggang sa ang dulo ay wala nang sagot.
Madali at mahirap itong pamamaraan ng pilosopiya ngunit kung iyong paglilimiin, lahat ng mga
bagay ay parehong madali at mahirap (Guevara, 2016), p. 25). Mahilig tayong mga Filipino gumamit
ng salitang “ano” (o “kuwan”) bilang pantukoy at/o pamalit sa pangngalan, pang-uri, pandiwa, at
pang-abay. Ang kagulat-gulat: kahit ano lamang ang sinasabi, nagkakaintindihan tayo sa ating pag-
ano (Guevara, 2016, p. 27). “Grabe, si Ano, inaano niya si Ano!” “Saan pa-ano ang jeep na ito?”
“Tumigil ka na kundi maano ka!” “Kung anohin mo kaya iyang inaano mo?”

ANG MAILAP NA KATOTOHANAN

Geoffrey A. Guevara

Sa paghahanap sa katotohanan, kailangang maging malay sa dalawang panig na

nagsasalubungan at kung minsan ay nagbabanggaan: ang nagsasalita at ang kausap. May nakikita
ang nagsasalita sa sarili niya; may nakikita rin naman ang kausap sa kaniyang sarili. Kailangang
maging alisto sa meron ang dalawa— sa meron ng karanasan, sa meron ng kausap ko, sa meron ng
sarili. Ilan sa mga argumentong ginagamit ng mga tao upang patotohanan [ang katotohanan] at/o
ipasa bilang totoo ang isang opinion ang mga sumusunod (Guevara, 2016, p. 33).

 Isip “Alam ko ito”

 Isip “Sinabi ni”
 Isip “Biktima ako”
 Isip “Sino ka ba”

Practice Time 1
Directions: Choose a word from the box. Write down other related words or ideas that you can
think of in relations to the word that you chose. Use the space below the image

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Practice Time 2
Directions: Answer and reflect on the following questions.
1. What will you do if someone asks you, “Puwede po magtanong?” Can we consider this as a witty
question? Why or why not?
2. Why do people ask? Is it necessary to ask? Can man survive without asking? Defend your answer.
3. Why do we have to avoid giving unsolicited opinions to people who are not too familiar with us?
4. What are the essential elements of philosophizing?
5. How do you feel when you heard an opinion about you?
6. Reflect. By doubting we are led to question; by questioning, we arrive at the truth. - Peter Abelard

OPINION VS. TRUTH

 OPINION - a thought or belief about something or someone or a judgement about someone or

something (Cambridge Dictionary, 2020).
- a view, judgment, appraisal formed in the mind about a particular matter or a belief stronger than
impression and less strong than positive knowledge (Merriam-Webster, 2020).

 TRUTH - the body of real things, events, and facts; the state of being the case; a transcendent
fundamental or spiritual

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Methods of Philosophizing Quarter 1

Module 5

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Distinguish between fact and opinionPPT11/12-Ic-2.1
• Analyze situations that shows difference between opinion and truth PPT11/12-Id-2.2
• Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth PPT11/12-Id-2.3
• Evaluate opinion PPT11/12-Ie-2.4

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PRETEST. Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. A is a Filipino mestizo working in Boston Texas, because of his good articulation in the English
language most of his co-employees ask him about his citizenship. Then he said ‘’ of course a natural
born American Citizen”. He denied the fact that he is a Filipino citizen by reason of inferiority
complex and racial discrimination among Filipinos in the United States.
A .The statement is a fact C. Both fact and opinion
B. The statement is an opinion D Both fact
2. A man that transformed into a robot.
A . The statement is a fact C. Both fact and opinion
B . The statement is an opinion D Both fact
3 . Philippines is a fast growing country otherwise known as “ Tiger Economy in Asia”.
A The statement is a fact C. Both fact and opinion
B. The statement is an opinion D. None of the above
4.The following are definitions of fact except one.
A. They supported by Evidence C. They are object of reality.
B. This are true statement D They are only belief, no backing of evidence
5.The Holy Scripture said” I will give you thanks because you had answered me you have become my
salvation”. This inspirational verse is?
A. Opinion C. Both fact and opinion
B. Fact D. None of the above
6.Filipino family culture and tradition regarded that “the mother is the light house of the family’’ This
statement is a__
A. Fact C. Both fact and opinion
B. Opinion D. Undecided
7..The bible characters who were saved by the Lord on a burning flames of fire they are Shadrach,
Meshach and Abednego. This statement is a____
A. Fact C. Both fact and Opinion
B. Opinion D. None of the above
8. Which of the following is not the meaning of opinion?
A.Anything that is done or happened
B. Something that indicates a belief, sentiment, or concept
C..Only just a thought or speculation
D.A customary practice
9. The books, articles and other official gazettes are considered except one
A. Opinion C. Both fact and opinion
B. Fact D. Both fact
10. Which of the following is the meaning of fact?
A. Anything that is done or happened.
B. Something that indicates a belief, sentiment, or concept
C. A only.
D. All of the above.

Knowing the difference between facts and opinions. A fact is a statement that can be proven true
or false. An opinion is an expression of a person’s feelings that cannot be proven. Opinions can be
based on facts or emotions and sometimes they are meant to deliberately mislead others.
Therefore, it is important to be aware of the author’s purpose and choice of language. Sometimes,
the author lets the facts speak for themselves. The following is an example of a fact: With fewer cars
on the road, there would be less air pollution and traffic noise; therefore, the use of mass
transportation should be encouraged. Sometimes the author may use descriptive language to appeal
to your emotions and sway your thinking. The following is an example of an opinion: Do you like
looking at a smoggy view from a congested highway? How do you feel about fighting road hugs and

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bumper to bumper traffic everyday? Mass transportation is the solution to all these problems.
Emotional language is neither right nor wrong, but the way in which it is used can be positive or
negative; it is up to you to make reasonable judgement about the material you are reading and to
draw your own conclusion. A fact is a statement that can be proven true or false. An opinion is an
expression of a person's feelings that cannot be proven. Opinions can be based on facts or emotions
and sometimes they are meant to deliberately mislead others.

Indicated below are list of facts, with 10 examples each of facts.

Facts are statements that have basis and can be proven true, while opinions are based on beliefs and
one's own views. Example of fact sentences:
1.The three primary colors are red, blue and yellow.
2.The heart, lungs, liver, small intestine, and large intestine are examples of internal organs of a
human body.
3. President Duterte is currently the president of the Republic of the Philippines.
4.Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao are the three main islands of the Philippines.
5.June 12 is treated as a national holiday in the Philippines, in celebration of the independence day
of the country.
6.Japan is also called as the Land of the Rising Sun.
7.An hour is composed of 60 minutes.
8.Eyes is used for looking, while ears is used for hearing.
9. Philippines is located in Southeast Asia.
10. Number four is an even number.

Directions: Define, explain and give an example on the following terms:

1. FACT
2. OPINION
3. TRUTH
4. FACT SENTENCE
5. OPINION SENTENCE

Example of opinions:
1.To solve traffic, it is better to invest in subways and trains than in road widening programs.
2.The TV shows in ABS-CBN are more entertaining than the shows of other channels.
3.It is better to live in Singapore than in Japan.
4.The internet is being used by teenagers to waste their time in social media.
5.I prefer using Facebook than Twitter because Twitter has limited char acters per caption.
6.Nike is more useful than Adidas.
7.Liza Soberano is more beautiful than Janella Salvador.
8.Watching someone dance is more entertaining than watch ing someone sing.
9.Travelling in Asia is more fun than travelling in Europe.
10.I believe that the greatest president in USA is Barack Obama.

POST TEST
Fact and Opinion Directions: Read each statement and then circle whether it is a fact or opinion.
Explain your answer.
1. The fastest land dwelling creature is the Cheetah. Fact or Opinion Explain:
___________________________________________________
2. Michael Jordan has a career average of 30.4 points per game. Fact or Opinion Explain:
___________________________________________________

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3. George Washington was the first President of the United States under the Constitution. Fact or
Opinion Explain: ___________________________________________________
4. The ugliest sea creature is the manatee. Fact or Opinion Explain:
___________________________________________________
5. Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time. Fact or Opinion Explain:
___________________________________________________
6. There seems to be too much standardized testing in public schools. Fact or Opinion Explain:
___________________________________________________
7. Prison is one of the worst places on the planet. Fact or Opinion Explain:
___________________________________________________

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

The Human Person as Embodied Spirit

Quarter 1, Module 6

Learning Objectives:
Recognize own limitations and possibilities.PPT11/12-If-3.1
• Evaluate own limitations and possibilities for their transcendence.PPT11/12-Ig-3.2
• Recognize the how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence.PPT11/12-
Ih-3.3
• Distinguish the limitation and possibilities for transcendencPPT11/12-Ii-3.4

PRE TEST

The Human Person As An Embodied Spirit (Recognize Own Limitations and Possibilities).
Man is not only body, but he is something infinitely higher. Of all the animal creations of God, man is
the only animal who has been created in order that he may know his maker. Man’s aim in life is not
to add from day to day to his material prospects and to his material possessions but his predominant
calling is from day to day to come nearer to his maker [Mohandas Gandhi, 1948]. To recognize our

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own limitations and possibilities it is right to know where we are, what is our world. According to
Plato reality is made up of two worlds namely, the world of Forms and the world of Sense where
human beings participate in both of these different worlds. The world of Sense which is proposed
and believed by Heraclitus, is the world we see, experience, the world of objects; a world of change,
it is made up of matter and is bound to decomposition. Heraclitus proves this through the
statements “Cold things grow hot, the hot cools, the wet dries, the parched moistens.” and “We
both step and do not step into the same revers. We are and we are not.”The world of Forms which is
proposed by Parmenides who influenced Plato in this type of world is a world that is eternal, perfect
and unchanging. Parmenides proved the world of Forms by his statement “ We can speak and think
only of what exists. And what exists is uncreated and imperishable for it is whole and unchanging
and complete. It was not or nor shall be different since it is now, all at once, one and continuous For
Plato, reality is eternal and unchanging, it is the real world, the world of forms. Everything in the
world of senses is but an imitation or a mere shadow of the ideal. Human beings participate in both
the senses and the ideal world because they have a material body and immaterial soul, synthesis of
change and permanence. Human beings is a body and soul, according to Plato, body is evil for it is
inclined to temporal things; objected to temporal satisfaction and happiness. As stated by Origen, a
Christian theologian and philosopher that is also a Platonian “all rational beings were once pure
intellects in the presence of God, and would remain so forever had they not fallen away through
Koros (satiety).” Because of koros (sin) or our transgression and disobedience to God we are
punished by being given a body. To be free it is a human task to gradually recollect the ideas the soul
used to know through education in order for it to be released from being imprisoned in our body
and be able to return to its place in the world of forms, for the soul is superior and exists eternally
even after the body evanesces gradually. However, failure to recall everything the soul used to
know, the soul has to undergo another imprisonment and this process will continually occur until the
soul is ready to go back to its place in the world of forms.

PRACTICE TIME

I. True or False
___1. According to Aquinas, all creatures are metaphysically made of essence and existence.
___2. Neil doubts everything and he even question facts, belief, knowledge . His act of extreme
doubting follows the methods of empiricism.
____3.Aquinas sought to Christianize Plato
____4. Syllogistic or logical method is attributed from Aristotle, the founder of logic
____5. Descartes rejected the notion that knowledge is innate.
____6. Stoicism was founded by Zeno.
____7. According to Sartre, essence precedes existence.
____8. According to existentialists, human nature is chosen through life choices.
____9. Aquinas believe that the principal purpose of man is to be virtuous.
____10. Essence is acquisition of extrinsic properties upon our existence.

The freedom of the soul from the body, its imprisonment is transcendence. Transcendence is
the existence that is present beyond normal or physical level. Transcendence means that: “I am my
body but at the same time I am more than my body. The things that I do, all those physical activities
and attributes which are made real through my body, reveals the person that I am”. Three Main
Spiritual Philosophies Hinduism is the belief in karma and reincarnation. Brahman is Self-Hood
Hinduism lies the idea of human being's quest for absolute truth, so that one's soul and the Brahman
or Atman (Absolute Soul) might become one. For the Indians, God first created sound and the
universe arose from it. The Aum (Om) is the root of the universe and everything that exists and it
continues to hold everything together, the most sacred sound in which the universe arose from and

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was the first thing God created. Primary Values of Hindus: wealth, pleasure, duty and enlightenment
Wealth and Pleasure are worldly values, but when kept in perspective they are good and desirable.
The spiritual value of duty, or righteousness, refers to patience, sincerity, forgiveness, love, honesty
and similar virtues. The spiritual value, though, is enlightenment, by which one is illuminated and
liberated and most importantly, finds release from the wheel of existence. Buddhism is the life
experience and teaching of Prince Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha -he who achieves his aim), a
tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development, solutions is lay in his own mind and is
famous for its belief in Nirvana; a place of perfect peace and happiness .Buddhism, contained in the
teachings of its founder, Siddhartha Gautama or Buddha.

POST TEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. The following are the philosophical definitions of human spirit except one:
A. This includes intellect, emotions, passion and creativity
B. This considered to be the mental functions of awareness, insights, and understanding,
judgment.
C. This comprises entities of emotions, images, memory and personality
D. This studies about moral values and judgment.
2. Yana is righteous believer of God, suddenly death as result of heart disease, his family believe
that he is now in heaven. What ascended to heaven?
A . Human Body C. Human Spirit
B. Human soul D. All of the above
3 .Zaldy is death as result of car crash, his wife cannot accept his early death, since then , most his
children knew that their dad is still with them. What had they experience?
A . The spirit of dead C. Both Soul and Spirit
B. The soul of the dead D. Undecided
4. A discipline of philosophy that attempts to apply ethical theory to real life situation?
A . Metaphysics C. Ethics
B. Applied Ethics D. Logic
5. How did Daniel Helminiak and Bernard Lonergan explains the human spirit except one?
A. Considered to be the mental functions of awareness, insights, understanding and
judgment and other reasoning powers
B. Component of human philosophy, psychology, art and knowledge.
C. Is used to refer impersonal, universal on higher component of human nature
D. The Principle of Existentialism

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN PHILOSOPHY

Environment Quarter 1-Module 7

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

4.1 Notice disorder in an environment PPT11/12-Ii-4.1

4.2 Notice things that are not in their proper place and organize them in and aesthetic
way.PPT11/12-Ii-4.2
4.3 Show that care for the environment contributes to health, well-being and sustainable
development. PPT11/12-Ij-4.3

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4.4 Demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards environment. PPT11/12-Ij-4.4

PRE-TEST. Direction: Encircle the correct answer.

1. What do pre-Socratic philosophers represent?
A. Physical Shift
B. Spiritual Shift
C. Paradigm Shift
D. Medieval Shift
2. Paradigm Shift pertains to all Except for
A. It is a change in worldview
B. The change from mythical explanation of the origins of the cosmos to a more rational
explanation
C. Listening to the stories about gods
D. Scientists wanted to understand scientific progress by studying nature
3. The following are true about Lao Tzu Except for
A. He claimed that weakness can overcome strength
B. He believed that physical world and its relationship with men’s behavior and fellowmen
C. He has a big impact on Buddhism
D. He compared the way to water, heaven, emptiness of vessel, color, music and weakness
4. What is the Taoist goal?
A. A philosophy of negation
B. Philosophy to be in a partial point of view
C. To become one with all things and coexist with Heaven and Earth
D. Transformation of nature in an aesthetic ways
5. What is an egocentric model? Except:
A. Based on relational integrity of humans that provides meaning to our morals and values
B. Is a premise that humans are essential
C. It occurs in past, present and future and environment settings
D. It highlights the ecological of humans
6. What are the global/technological aspect we are using at present in the 21st Century? Except for:
A. Innovation
B. Wireless WIFI
C Paper and pencil
D. E-learning book
7. The following pertains to a mind category Except for
A. Knowledge
B. Ideas
C. Skills
D. Thoughts
8. Valuing the environment in various means are the following Except for:
A. Relaxation
B. Satisfaction
C. Calm
D. Social Isolation
9. How are we destroying nature?
A. Preservation
B. Reproduction
C. Flashfloods
D. Moral ways
10. Environmentalist considers the following Except for:
A. Surroundings

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 B. Ecological realities
C. Moral and Ethical
D. Partial point of view

11. An anthropocentric model describes _____.

A. Domination of humanity is linked to domination of nature
B. Provides meaning to our morals and values
C. Has something to do in environmental settings with regard to our identifications and
relations
D. It is a view of technological issues
12. A land should not _____
A. Preserved with integrity, stability and beauty
B. Preserved for self profit
C. Taken care of for the good of all
D. Satisfy only few ones
13. What is an ecological conscience?
A. It is based on individual responsibility.
B. Being not practical in spend of money.
C. Being luxurious in our lives.
D. Does not honor the other life forms.
14. Listed below are the disorders of environment Except
A. Destruction of property
B. Landslides
C. Poverty
D. Rainy Season
15. What should a human demonstrate in sustaining the development of an environment?
A. Prudence and Frugality
B. Selfish
C. Be deceiving
D. Freedom for own gain

Human Person in the Environment “What is the world made of?” How did the world come
into being?” and “How can we explain the process of change?” were philosophical questions already
brought up approximately 600 BCE in the Western Ionian seaport town of Miletus across the Aegean
Sea from Athens, Greece. Because Ionia was a meeting place between the East and the West, Greek
philosophy has Oriental as well as Egyptian and Babylonian influences. In both East and West,
philosophers asked questions about the universe and where earth is in its vastness. Eastern sages -
probed nature’s depths intuitively through the eyes of spiritual sages. Greek thinkers - viewed
nature through cognitive and scientific eyes (Price, 2000). Pre-Socratic philosophers - paradigm shift
Paradigm shift - change from mythical explanation of the origins of the cosmos to more rational
explanation. - change in worldview - change in how reality, truth and facts are viewed. Example:
Catholic Church and medieval scholars mistakenly thought that the world was flat, until Magellan
and age of exploration proved it wrong. - These philosophers looked for the underlying laws of
nature and not listen to stories about gods. Pre-Socratic philosophers - represent the first
intellectual and scientific attempt to understand the origins of the universe.

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Carbon footprint categories
1. Construction 5. Mobility
2. Shelter 6. Manufactured goods
3. Food 7. Services
4. Clothing 8. Trade Humanity needs to develop an “ecological conscience”
based on individual responsibility.

Ecologists challenge us to adapt a lifestyle that involves simple living that honors the right of
all life forms to live, flourish, and create a rich diversity of human and nonhuman life. For ecologists,
the right to live and blossom should not only be for human beings but must also be valid to all forms
of life. This belief stems from an awareness of our dependence to other forms of life, not buying a
master-slave relationship. 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
grants the indigenous people “the right to conservation, restoration, and protection of the total
environment and the productive capacity of their lands, territories, and resources, as well as the
assistance for this purpose from states and through international cooperation.” The relationship of
the indigenous people with the environment is, thus, spiritually and materially strengthened
(Ramiscal, 20

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LEARNING ACTIVITY. Matching Type
Match Column A to Column B
Colum A
_____1. Chuang Tzu
_____2. Lao Tzu
_____3. Ecocentric Model
_____4. Anthropocentric Model
_____5. Taoist goal
_____6. Ecological Conscience
_____7. Diversity
_____8. Anthropocentric Attitude
_____9. Greenhouse gases
_____10. Pre-Socratic Philosophers Column

B
A. Relational integrity of humans
B. Most eloquent representative of Taoist School
C. Become one with all things
D. Founder of Taoist School of thought
E. Humans are the center of universe
F. Carbon dioxide, fluoride
G. Human claims ownership
H. Paradigm shift over land
I. Different ways of humans
J. Individual responsibilities
K. Become one with all things and coexist with Heaven and Earth

Direction: Identify whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE

. _____1. Boundless means there is a boundary between warm and cold regions.
_____2. Cosmogony explains the evolution of the universe started with the generation of opposites.
_____3. Milesians is considered one of the modern thinkers.
_____4. Cosmophilia is the love for other fellow living things.
_____5. Celibacy is unethical way of life.
_____6. Harmony and beauty are nature’s order.
_____7. According to Chinese belief there is a primeval pair that is yang and yin where all events in
the universe follows.
_____8. Immanuel Kant expressed that beauty is a symbol of morality.
_____9. Respectful dignity is of essential by Immanuel Kant.
_____10. Mt. Qiyun garden serves as a symbol of Buddhism.

POST TEST. Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. One of the modern thinkers is Immanuel Kant. All of which are true Except:
A. Symbol of Morality Beauty
B. Ignore any practical motive
C. Founder of Taoist School of thought
D. His third critique is Critique of Judgment
2. The following are true regarding the ecocentric model Except
A. Love, respect, admiration for nature are essential
B. Land preserved with integrity, stability and beauty

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 C. Land considered as instrumental mode of production
D. Puts the ecosystem first
3. What is true of biocentrism?
A. Humans are not the only essential but all organisms have inherent value
B. Human centered
C. Human has the only significant role in the universe
D. Abuse of nature is a normal thing
4. What is the environmental theory that says whatever superior is entitled to whatever is interior?
A. Ecofeminism
B. Social Ecology
C. Deep Ecology
D. Anthropocentric Model
5. What is the environmental theory that emphasizes ecological crisis results from authoritarian
social structures?
A. Deep Ecology
B. Social Ecology
C. Ecofeminism
D. Ecocentric Model

6. The following are the 3Rs concept EXCEPT:

A. Reduce
B. Reuse
C. Recycle
D. Repair

7. All of the following are the functions of Fromm’s envisioned society except:
A. Being fully present where one is
B. Be greedy and dependent
C. Joy comes from giving and sharing, not from hoarding and exploiting
D. Shedding one’s narcissism

8. Who among are the former presidents envisioned Philippines 2020 that initiate the economic
reforms?
A. Joseph E. Estrada
B. Fidel V. Ramos
C. Benigno Aquino III
D. Mar A. Roxas II

9. What did the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People grants the
indigenous people?
A. The right to conservation, restoration and protection of total environment
B. Free medical benefits
C. Scholarship for all the youths
D. Health benefits to all the people
10. Natural world has intrinsic value. What is intrinsic?
A. Instinct
B. Innate
C. External
D. Definite
11. In studies it reveal that the higher the income, there is substantial change in consumption on
patterns.Which result in _____ carbon footprint

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 A. Lower
B. Average
C. No
D. Higher
12. What does humanity need to develop based on individual responsibility?
A. Care only for indigenous people
B. Willingness to change
C. Ecological Conscience
D. Freedom of decision making
13. The following are effects of global warming EXCEPT:
A. Soil Erosion
B. Famine
C. Typhoons
D. Green grass Lands

14. All of the following are true of indigenous tribes EXCEPT:

A.. Deprived of attribution, remuneration and respect
B. Freedom to do all things
C. Limited resources like Lands
D. Do not have enough compensation for living
15. What are the positive traits of human in relation to the environment?
A. Narcissism and attention seeker
B. Responsible and Caring
C. Selfish and Bias
D. Messy

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