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Ham Radio "RST" Signal Reporting System for CW/Phone Operation

Readability - Strength - Tone: RST Signal Reports


R-S-T Readability Strength Tone
Numeric Value R S T (cw only)
Faint signals, barely Sixty cycle a.c or less,
1 Unreadable
perceptible very rough and broad
Barely readable,
Very rough a.c., very
2 occasional words Very weak signals
harsh and broad
distinguishable
Rough a.c. tone,
Readable with
3 Weak signals rectified but not
considerable difficulty
filtered
Readable with Rough note, some
4 Fair signals
practically no difficulty trace of filtering
Filtered rectified a.c.
5 Perfectly readable Fairly good signals but strongly ripple-
modulated
Filtered tone, definite
6 Not used Good signals trace of ripple
modulation
Moderately strong Near pure tone, trace
7 Not used
signals of ripple modulation
Near perfect tone,
8 Not used Strong signals slight trace of
modulation
Perfect tone, no trace
Extremely strong
9 Not used of ripple or modulation
signals
of any kind

Notes

Select the signal's most consistant characteristic from each of the R, S, and T columns in the chart. Select the number
from the R-S-T Numeric Value (left) column which corresponds to each characteristic chosen. This R-S-T sequence of
numbers becomes the RST signal report.

If the signal has the characteristic stability of crystal control, the letter X may be added to the end of the RST report.

Use the the letter C to indicate a chirp on the signal.

Use the letter K for key clicks.

"RST is 599" - means that the morse code cw signal being assessed is Readability 5 (perfectly readable), Strength 9
(extremely strong signal), Tone 9 (perfect tone). This is the ultimate (or "perfect") cw signal.

This reporting system may also be used for phone operation by leaving out the Tone (T) portion of the report. For
example, a signal of "5 9" means that the phone signal is Readability 5, and Strength 9; a perfectly readable and
extremely strong signal. The term "S-9" is also used to report a Strength 9 for an extremely strong signal. If an S-Meter
is being used as a basis of the signal report, an S-9 is the notation for 9 (S-Units) on the meter.
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