10TH OCTOBER ,2021

SUNDAY
BIOLOGY
PRACTICAL BIOLOGY
WAEC Biology Practical Specimens 2021:
A) Each candidate should be provided with
the following groups of specimens:
Group 1 (For all candidates)
Specimen A – Cervical Vertebra of a
mammal
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Specimen B – Thoracic Vertebra of a
mammal
Specimen C – Lumbar Vertebra of a
mammal
For Specimens D, E F, and G, you are
requested to get four 250ml beakers and
Label them D, E F, and G.
Put dry garden soil into each beaker, up to
100ml level
Add 10ml of water to the soil in each of
beakers D, E, and f.
Oven dries the garden soil in beaker G and
leaves dry throughout the period of the
experiment.
For Specimen D, put five viable bean seeds
into the soil in the beaker labeled D.
For specimen E, soak five viable beam
seeds in water for 2-3 hours, then remove
the testa of the soaked bean seeds. Spilled
open the cotyledon into the soil in the
beaker labeled E.
For specimen F, place five bean seeds into
the soil in the beaker labeled F and add
some quantity of kerosene enough to
cover the surface of the soil in the beaker.
For specimen G, add five dry and viable
bean seeds into the soil in the beaker
labeled G.
Place all the beakers in a place with
adequate sunlight for seven days
Moisten the soils in each of the beakers
labeled D and E with 5ml of water daily for
seven days before the examination.
Group II (For all candidates in Ghana only)
Specimen H: Cactus plant (freshly
obtained)
Specimen J: Onion Plant (with leaves)
Specimen K: Green Grass ( freshly
obtained)
2021 Biology practical Specimen
Group III (For all candidates in Nigeria,
Sierra Leone, The Gambia, and Liberia only)
Specimen L – Adult mosquito (freshly
obtained)
Specimen M – Butterfly (freshly obtained)
Specimen N – Sugar Ant (Freshly obtained)

NB: (i) All specimens can be provided as

BIOLOGY PRACTICAL
Study Specimen A and B and answer
question 1(a) to 1(c). (a)
(i) Name the habitat of each of specimens
A and B.
(ii) Name the adult stage into which each
of specimens A and B would develop.
(iii) Name of the phylum and class
common to the adult stage of specimens
A and B.
(b) State three observations features of
biological significance in;
(i) Specimen A;
(ii) Specimen B.
(c)(i) State four observable structural
differences between specimens A and B.
(ii) State three observable similarities
between specimens A and B.
2. Study Specimen C, D and F and answer
questions 2(a) to 2(c).
(a) (i) Name the organism from which each
of specimens C, D and E, are obtained.
(ii) State the function common to
specimens C, D and E.
(iii) State three observable features which
adapt specimen C to its function.
(b) (i) State two observable structural
similarities in specimens C and D
(ii) State three observable structural
differences between specimen C and D.
(c) Make a drawing, 6cm to 8cm long of
specimen C an label fully.
3. Study specimens K and L, and answer
questions 3(a) to 3.
(a)(i) Name the floral part of specimen K.
(ii) Indicate the number of floral parts in
each whorl of specimen K.
(b) (i) Name the sex of specimen K.
(ii) Give one reason for the answer in
4(b)(i).
(c)(i) What is the symmetry of specimen
K?
(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 4 (c)
(i).
(d) Name one pollinating agent of each of
specimens K and L.
(e) State four observable differences
between specimens, K and L,
(f) Make a drawing 8cm to 10cm long of
the longitudinal section of the specimen K
and label fully.
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL ANSWERS
1. (a) (i) Habitats of specimen A/ Larva of
Mosquito: Stagnant water/swampy
areas/poles/edge of stream. Specimen
B/Maggot:
Rotting/rotten/decaying/decomposing
animals/decaying food/ human faeces/pit
latrine.
(ii) Adult Stage of Specimen A/Larva of
Mosquito: Mosquito/Anopheles
mosquito/Culex mosquito/aedes
mosquito. Specimen B/ Maggot;
Housefly/Musca domestica.
(iii) Phylum and Class common to
Specimen A and B phylum: Arthropoda.
Class: Insecta
(b) Observable features of Biological
significance in:
(i) Specimen A/ Larva of Mosquito:
Presence of spiracles; for
breathing/gaseous exchange
presence of siphon/breathing
trumpet/breathing tube; for breathing/
gaseous exchange
Presence of antennae; for sensitivity
Horny jaw/mouth; for chewing solid foods
Mouth brushes; for sweeping food into its
mouth
Presence of bristles; to remain
afloat/buoyancy/protection/defense
Feather-like/feathery hair for defence
Long/cylindrical body; for wriggling
movement;
Presence of eyes, for vision/sight/seeing.
(ii) Specimen B/Maggot:
Hook at the mouth; for movement;
Presence of eyes; for vision/
(Small) spiny pad; for movement;
(Small) mouth; for feeding, -Two pairs) of
spiracles for breathing gaseous exchange.
(c)(i) differences between Specimen A and
B
Specimen A/ Larva of Mosquito
Specimen B/ Maggot
Mouth brushes present
mouth brushes are absent
bristles present
bristles are absent
anal gills present
anal grills are absent
anterior end not pointed
anterior end is pointed
posterior end not blunt/wide
posterior end is blunt/wide
has antennae
absence of antennae
three body divisions/Head, Thorax,
Abdomen Two body
divisions/head, and trunk
has one spiracle
has two pairs of spiracles
hook absent
hook is present
siphon/breathing trumpet/
siphon/breathing trumpet
tube present
tube absent
pad absent
pad present
eye present
eye absent
(ii) Similarities between specimen A and
B; – They both have segmented body;
they both possess spiracle
they both have mouth
both have elongated/long
body/cylindrical
2(a)(i) Name of organism where
specimens C/Gill, D/Lung and E/leaf are
obtained, specimen C/ Gill; Tilapia/Catfish
Specimen D/Lung: Goat/Cow/Guinea pig
Specimen E/Leaf: -Mango plant/cashew
plant/orange plant
(ii) Function common to specimen C/Gill,
D/Lung and E/Leaf: -Gaseous exchange
respiration
(iii) Observable features that adapt
specimen C to its function: -it is moist; for
diffusion of dissolved gases/gaseous
exchange; -it is thin-walled/thin
membrane; tomake diffusion easy; – it is
richly supplied with blood vessels/blood
capilaries/highly vascularized as diffusion
medium/for gaseous exchange; -Has a
large surface area; to increase the rate of
diffusion of gases.
(b)(i) Observable Similarities Between
Specimens C, and D: -Both have a mouth
of capillaries/are highly vascularized; -
Both are pink/red in colour/Have minted
surfaces; -are thin-walled membrane -
Have large surface area.
(ii) Observable structural differences
between specimens C and D
Specimen C/Gill
Specimen D/Lung
Gill Rakers Present Gill
Rakers Absent
Gill Arch/Bar Present Gill
Arch/Bar Absent
Gill Lamella Present Gill
Lamella Absent
Gill Filaments Present Gill
Filaments Absent
Pleural Membrane Absent
Pleural Membrane Present
Pleural Cavity Absent
Pleural Cavity Present
Not Fluffy
Fluffy/Soft
3(a)(i) Floral parts of Specimen K/Pride of
Barbados flower: -Sepals/calyx; -
Petals/corolla: – Stamen/androecium; -
Pistil/gynoecium/carpel. (ii) Number of
Floral parts of Specimen K/Pride of
Barbados flower: -Sepals/Calyx: 5/4 + 1 -
Petals/corolla 5/4 + 1 -
Stamen/androecium: 10 -
Pistil/gynoecium/carpel 1
(b)(i) Sex of Specimen K/Pride of Barbados
flower; Hermaphrodite/bisexual (ii)
Reason for the answer in b (i) it has both
stamen and pistil/male and female
organs/androecium and gynoecium.
(c)(i) Symmetry of Specimen K/Pride of
Barbados flower: Bilateral/bilaterally
symmetrical.
(ii) Reason for the answer in (c)(i): it can
be cut into two equal halves along only
one plane. (d) Name of pollinating agent
of specimens K/Pride of Barbados flower
and L/Elephant grass: Specimen K/Pride
of Barbados: Butterfly/Bees, Specimen
L/Elephant grass: Wind
(c) observable differences between
Specimens K and L
Specimen K/Pride of Barbados flower
Specimen L/Elephant grass
Flowers are conspicous/large
Flowers are inconspicous/small
Brightly coloured flowers/yellow/red
Dull coloured flowers/green
Scented flowers
Not scented flowers
large/sticky pollen grains
small/light pollen grains
stigma is sticky
stigma is not sticky

(1ai)
TABULATE
– TEST: Specimen B + 2drops of iodine
solution
– OBSERVATION: No precipitate is found
(No reaction is occurring)
INFERENCE: It indicates specimen B
contains no starch content
(1aii)
TABULATE
– TEST: Specimen B + 2ml of NaOH(aq) + 3
drops of CuSO4 + shake
– OBSERVATION: The mixture will turn to
purple or violet colour
– INFERENCE: Protein is present
(1b)
(i) Test for starch
(ii) Test for protein (Biurets test)
(1c)
– Additional income is obtained through
quality mushrooms
– They contain vitamins and proteins and
Laos acts as antioxidants supporting the
immune system
(1di)
Fungi
(1dii)
– Eukaryotic organism
– Absence of chlorophyll
– Cell walls made of chitin instead of
cellulose
(1diii)
– Molds
– Mildews
– Smuts
– Rusts
– Yeast
(1ei)
Mullosca
(1eii)
– Presence of tentacles
– Possession of soft and unsegmented
bodies
– Body is covered by a mantle and she’ll
– They are bilaterally symmetrical
– They are triploblastic with three layers
(1fi)
– Specimen C (mushrooms) are
decomposers breaking down surface
waste releasing nitrogen back into the soil
in form of ammonium nitrate, a nutrient
essential for plant survival
(1fii)
Saprophytic mode of nutrition
==================================
==
(2a)
E: Succulent Fruit
F: Berry/Flesh Fruit
H: Legume/Pod
(2b)
E: Parietal Plancentation
F: Axile Plancentation
(2c)
E: Human
F: Animal
H: Explosive Mechanism
(2di)
Specimen E attract birds, squirrels, and
other small mammals. Consumption of
the fruit will lead to dispersal of the seeds
in feces (by human)
(2dii)
(i)Vitamin C
(ii)Magnesium
(2ei)
Green
(2eii)
It signify that they are still young
(2fi)
Marginal placentation
(2fii)
=====================
(4a)
TABULATE
– Specimen P-
– Test: 2 drops of specimen P in water
– Observation time(seconds): 3-4 seconds
before it dissolves
– Medium of spread: Water
– Sense organ: Eye
-Specimen Q-
– Test: Teaspoon of specimen Q + water
– Observation time(seconds): Dissolves
within 65 seconds
– Medium of spread: Water
– Sense organ: Eye
-Specimen R-
– Test: Cut section of specimen R
– Observation time(seconds): 2 seconds or
almost immediately
– Medium of spread: Air
– Sense organ: Nose
(4b)
Osmosis
4c)
(i)
– Increase in temperature
– Difference in concentration
(ii)
– Molecular size
– Increase in temperature
(iii)
– Increase in temperature
– Difference in concentration
(4di)
(4dii)
It is Whorl
(4diii)
– Loop
– Whorl
– Arch/Compound
(4div)
– Crime detections
– Identification of individuals
– Genetic variation in man
(4dv)
Discontinuous variation