UNDERSTANDING CULTURE

SOCIETY AND POLITICS

Primary Purpose:
LESSON 1: STARTING POINTS FOR THE
UNDERSTANDING OF CULTURE, SOCIETY AND  To explain how different elements in the
POLITICS environment affect and influence the growth and
life of a person
CULTURAL BARRIATIONS
 the building blocks of a person’s characteristics POLITICAL SCIENCE
 We are living in a world wherein there are many  The study of politics, its instituition and processes
social differences and are driven by social forces Coverage
that can affect one’s culture and society
 What makes a person’s culture. o Allocation of power
 It can make or break a person’s characteristics o Roles and systems of governance
like gender, social characteristics. o Political behavior
o Public policies
ANTHROPOLOGY
 “Science of humanity” SOCIETY
 a group of people living together in organizedd
 Study of human beings, their origin, their
communities, folowwing common laws, values,
societies, and their cultures
customs and traditions
 Roots its observations to the origin of humans to
 Without companionship you will not be considered
understand fully the societies and cultures of the
in society
human organisms through time
 It follows common laws
 Ex. Bayanihan and eating balut
Origin:
Social Anthropology Cultural Antropology
 Latin Word - socius and societas which means
 The study of humans  the study of human “companion”
in relation to cultures  French Term - societe meaning
societies “companionship”
LESSON 2: SOCIETY AND CULTURE
SOCIOLOGY
 scientific study of a society SOCIETY
 It’s origin, development, networks and functions  a group of people who share a common territory
 Explain different characteristics in the and culture
environment affects a person
 Detach yourself in the society so that you can CULTURE
observe it in a different point of view  the sum of an individual’s way of life
 First coined by French essaylist Emmanuel-  There are some factors to consider: Food,
Joseph Sieyes in 1780 and was later defined by language, religion, medical cure, working
french philosopher and “Father of Sociology '' schedules, clothing, jokes, celebration, folk arts
Auguste Comte in 1838.

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 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
ASPECTS OF CULTURE 8. Mores (matipid)
1. Culture is dynamic, flexible and adaptive
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
o We adopted culture from our colonizers
 affects culture
2. Culture is shared and contested
o Foreigners visit our country, we want  Like tiktok, it influence our ways of living
them to experience the practices in the BELIEFS
Philippines  the means by which people make sense of their
3. Culture is learned and transmitted through experiences, or ideas that people hold to be true,
socialization or enculturization factual and real
o Ex. Kpop.  Scientific and NonScientific Beliefs
o Enculturation - process of learning culture - * Based on religious and/or mythical ideas
4. Culture is a set of patterned in social interactions that try to explain the realities of the world
o Transmitted from one generation to the
next generation LESSON 3: BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL
5. Culture requires language and other forms of EVOLUTION
communication
o Language is one of the vital factor in REVOLUTION
transmitting culture since we transmit our  a radical and pervasive change in society and the
culture our by actions, gestures, by social culture
spoken and written language o Radical - rapid change
o We will not understand culture/how things o Pervasive - inevitable because of the
are done without the language changing environment
o We should not forget our mother tongue o Culture and society exist because of
6. Culture is integrated and at times unstable Evolution
 Kapag nakapangasawa ng tiga-ibang  Evolution of fire and hunting
bansa parang naiinfluence narin yung  Revolution of language - humans were able to
culture mo kaya nagiging mixed culture communicate using language
7. Cultures are contrasting to each other that’s why  Factors affecting: environment and our
it becomes unstable experiences
MATERIAL CULTURE  Qualitive change is the hallmark of general
 Tangible revolution - pataas nang pataas ang way of living
 Ex. Food, clothes ng mga tao

NON - MATERIAL CULTURE PART 2: IDENTITY AND PERSONALITY

 intangible (values and beliefs) INFORMATION
1. Gestures (Pointing on someone, they might
think that you are angry or aaccusing PERSONALITY
someone)  The body of a person (aquired since birth)
2. Language  No or less chances of changing it completely
3. Values (Hospitality)  The symbol of one’s being
4. Beliefs (Supersticious beliefs)  Major evidence that one exists
5. Symbols (Po and opo, pagmamano)  Individual’s way of carrying and presenting his/her
6. Laws (Disciplining young children) personality
7. Folkways (celebration, inuman)

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 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
 Values or modes of perception which results in
one’s consistent behavior
LESSON 4: SOCIAL PROCESSES
 Perceived by the people around you (other people
see it differently that you see it on your own)
SOCIAL PROCESSES
IDENTITY  refers to repetitive patterns of interaction
 may be likened to sense of fashion commonly found in a social life
 Can be changed 1. Enculturation - the basic social processes that
 The piece that is observed by other people’s eyes happens within a family when parents teach
 What others mostly remember children about values, nors, traditions, and other
 Can be remembered from someone (it can be aspects of their culture
changed)  Our parents is the one who teach us
 *Where the root of one’s identity can be traced culture first (ginagawa nila kaya ginagawa
mo rin, ex. Table etiquette)
down to his Socialization
 Manner in which a person learns a culture
DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY INFORMATION followed by the community
1. Biological Inheretance (Nature) 2. Acculturation - adapting to the influence of
o Can be inherited from your parents another culture by borrowing many of its aspects
o It runs in your blood  Nanghihiram tayo ng culture ng ibang
o Your physical appearances, your group while mainting our mother culture
 “Cultural imitation”
intelligence, characteristics, traits
 2 or more societies or groups are
2. Environment (Nurture) - Location, climate,
interacting
topography, natural environment  More noticeable in social media (Ex.
a. Geographic Environment - is responsible Maine popularized because of
for the varying experiences post from the dubsmash)
stimuli from experiences 3. Assimilation - similar to acculturation but differs
- Bicolanos are religious as a source of in terms of the person’s adaptation level
certainty as they are prone to typhoon  An individual learn a culture and forgets
(because of their location) entirely his mother culture
b. Cultural Environment - constant company that 4. Cooperation - “A form of social interaction
determines what a person will learn as wherein two or more persons work together for a
member of society common end or purpose” - F.E Merill and H.w
- Regulate the personality you show Elredge (1965)
 “A central feature of social life” - Panopio
- Shape a personality of a person
and Raymundo (1992)
- Serves as guide of an individual in living
 May iisang ourpose/layunin kaya
his life kailangan niyong makipagcooperate
c. Social Environment - interactions happening  Both people in a group benefit (Ex. seller
in a particular groups are a part of a person’s and consumer)
social environment 5. Differentiation - designating each member of a
society with particular functions and roles
intended for the society to achieve stability and
order, therefore, the increased number of social
units
 Dumadami ang social instuitions in order
to achieve stability

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 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
 Nagkakaroon ng growth kapag
dumadami ang social units
 Seen in medical practitioners and INFORMAL SANCTIONS FORMAL SANCTIONS
government agencies (composed of  Disapproval,  Fine,
experts from various fields that provides ridicule, gossip, imprisonment or
specific needs) deprivation death
6. Amalgamation - happens when two families or
groups become one through a formal union, such
RULES MUST BE OBEYED FOR MULTIPLE
as marriage
 Promotes acculturation and assimilation
REASONS:
 Opposite of differentiation since it 1. Time-tested rules can make society work
decrease the increase of social units efficiently and harmoniously
7. Stratification - hierarchical arrangement and 2. Violating rules has corresponding punishments
establishment of social categories that may
o People who violate rules got excluded on
evolve into social groups
the other members of the society
 Based in wealth and income differences
 May lower level, may higher level
o Your reputation will be affected
 Division of the society in social categories 3. Following rules brings more rewarding
that build a social group (kung saang interactions with others
class ka belong) o Have more opportunities in establishing
 Dividing the members of the society into connections
strata, made of individuals who possess 4. Violating rules may induce supernatural
similar economic, political and cultural punishment
interest o Faith based rules
 Contextualized on where you being/live 5. Rules are matters of law enforced by the
8. Conflict - happens when a party fails to machinery of society
communicate effectively its message to the other, o We should follow rules by the authorities
thus, creating misunderstanding
 Intragroup and intergroup, interpersonal, Rewards: praise, promotions, salary increase, etc
intrapersonal
 Conflict happens whena party fails to DEVIANCE
communicate clearly in a group  Nonconforming behavior
9. Competition - the struggle between two or more  A violation of established social norms whether
persons or groups that can be translated to folkways, mores and laws
innovation
Deviance varies depending on:
LESSON 5: SOCIAL CONTROL, CONFORMITY, AND
DEVIANCE 1. The context of the norm
2. The condition in the society
SOCIAL CONTROL 3. The people’s response to a particular behavior
 (Crapo 2001) FORMS OF DEVIANCE
 Social behavior of people is controlled to maintain A. Innovation – the use of unadvised or sometimes
order illegal methods to achieve social goals
 Re-establish order once rules have been broken o Facebook – example of Innovation
Violation of behavioral norms = corresponding social B. Ritualism – strictly observing the norms set by
the society, forgetting the primary reason why
sanctions
people are conforming to it

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 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
o Kapag hindi mo naachieve, hindi mo na
susundin yung process kung paano
maachieve yung goals
C. Retreatism – when individuals try to escape from
achieving goals because they cannot fulfill them
D. Rebellion – occurs because of the frustration of
people over the norms (Hunt, 1982)
HUMAN DIGNITY, RIGHTS AND THE COMMON GOOD
 The primary purpose of creating social institutions
is to serve the common goof
 1987 Philippine Constitution
RIGHTS
 are the privileges and entitlement a person must
enjoy in the attainment and protection of his
human dignity
 Article III, Bill of Rights enumerates every Filipino
rights
 “The best way to respond to wrong is to do what
is right”

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UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS

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