NCM 104

Family Health Nursing Gender

▪ Concept of maleness or femaleness of an
Family individual
▪ It is composed of a man and a woman who ▪ It does not focus on the anatomical
are married that have children or kids. structure or physical structure/ outlook of
▪ Small social group composed of a father, a the person,
mother or one or more children in which ▪ It is what the person feels as to who or
affection is equally/ mutually shared and what she is in the inside.
the children are are to become self- ▪ Ex. When somebody says I am a man
controlled and socially integrated persons trapped in a woman’s body.
▪ Forms are patterns of people considered
by family members to be included in the
family although all families have some Sex
things in common ▪ Trait that determines the individual’s
▪ Each family form has unique problems and reproductive function, being a male or
strength female.
▪ Pertains to the outlook or the outside of a
person.
Family structure ▪ Anatomical function would be if the person
has a uterus even if like a male would call
▪ Made up of individuals and the roles they a sex change transforming the penis into a
play vagina or enlargement of breast to make
▪ Ex. Father being the breadwinner of the him feminine it does not give him the
family, find money for the living and for power/ authority to procreate or create an
feeding the children and the wife or the egg cell because he has no ovary, or
mother is the one in charge in the house uterus to make a baby.
chored and looks after the kids ▪ Likewise for women who feels they are
more masculine enough no matter if they
cut their hair short. They will take
androgen or hormonal treatment to be
Family Nursing
more manly. It does not change them.
▪ Nursing care in collaboration of not a
They could however still could possibly be
single patient but to his or her family.
pregnant in case they will be with an
opposite gender because she still has the
Gender Awareness egg cells in the body and uterus for this
▪ An awareness of the differences in roles capacity.
and relations between women and men.
▪ It recognizes that the life experiences,
Gender role
expectations and needs of women and
▪ Otherwise known as sexual
men are different.
▪ In the picture you can see that a guy is
▪ Ex. Would be that in our community, there
wearing an apron possibly doing the
is an expectation that women do more
household chores, ironing, baking,
feminine roles and actions compared to
laundry, while the female version would be
men even at work or in socialization
doing the masculine work or handyworks
at home.
▪ So, in gender roles, do they matter? These
are the social roles encompassing a range
of behaviors and attitudes that are
generally considered acceptable,

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NCM 104
appropriate, or desirable for a person 2. The family develops its own lifestyle.
based on that person’s biological or  The family develops its own pattern of
perceived sex. behavior and its own style in life. It also
▪ In gender role, we barely could see a develops their own power system which is
woman working as a construction worker either be balanced between parents and
or a builder because the gender role of a children. Have their own areas of decision
woman as you see her is more on cooking, and control, and strong bias one member
baking, knitting and doing some craft that gains confidence over the other.
is more or less than the role women are 3. The family operates as a group.
perceived to be.  A family unit in which the action of any
▪ Like man also for example, if they will be member may set of a whole series of
married usually they are the one who reaction within a group.
provides for the family and its rare that we  An entity whose inner strength may be its
see a man who stays at home and watch greatest single supportive factor when one
over the kids, does the cooking while the of its member is stricken with illness or
wives do the work. death.
 In major occasions in a family like if
someone gets married, even if the people
or other members in our family or your
family are living far from each other. Once
they know that a member of the family is
about to be married or on the date of the
wedding. Everyone will be there after a
year or two of not seeing them. They will
▪
come.
 Likewise, also when a member of the
Family as a client family is sick and when others hear the
These are the characteristics of the family as a news, even if you live from the north side
client: of cebu, san remejio(?) or the down south
 Focuses on you, not the individual but the side in oslob. People will do their best to
family itself (we’re going to cater the unit come and visit and ask how you are doing
of the society that compromise or because the family operates as a group.
composes not just one person but also the 4. The family accommodates the needs of the
individuals living with the person at home). individual members.
1. The family is a product of time and  In here, an individual is unique human
place. So, a family is different other family being who needs to assert his or herself in
who lives in a different / another location a way that allows him to grow and
in many ways. develop.
 So, the family who lives in a province or in  Sometimes, individual needs and group
a village area is somehow different from needs seem to find a natural balance.
the family who lives in the city.  The need for self-expression does not
 A family who lives in the past is also overshadow considerations to others.
different from another family who lives in  Power is inequitably distributed,
the present in many ways. independent is permitted to flourish.
 If you can compare, if we ask our  Now at the stage of college years, your
grandparents what were they like growing siblings might have different goals in life.
up you will be amazed how different our They might go to a different direction,
upbringing and our culture. have taken different courses or are
 So there are some factors that somehow currently working outside cebu but you
in evolve as time passes by. know for sure and you believe that you for

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NCM 104
an example who is currently working or 6. The family has growth cycle.
studying. Let’s say currently studying right  Family has a growth cycle, families also
now, if there’s anything you need, you pass through predictable stages we will be
know that one of your siblings or your discussing the growth cycle or stages later
father or mother will provide and give on.
something that would help you to achieve
your goal.
4.The family accommodates the needs of
the individual members. Family Functional Type
 You support each other. You help each 2 functional types of the family
other as to what can be helped. 1. Family of Procreation
5. The family relates to the community. 2. Family of Orientation
 The family develops a stance with respect
to the community.
Family of Procreation
 The relationship between the families is
▪ Refers to the family you, yourself created
wholesome and reside protocol reciprocal.
 The family utilize the community resources ▪ This is when procreation would mean that
and in turn contributes to the you created a family during the time of
improvement of the community. marriage.
 There are families who feel a sense of ▪ The person unites herself or himself to the
other person to create a family
isolation from the community.
 Families who maintain proud, we keep to Family of Orientation
ourselves attitude. Families who are ▪ Refers to the family where you came from
entirely passive taking the benefits from
the community without either contributing
Family Characteristics (Forms and
to it or demanding changes to it.
Structures)
 I believe it is highly observable and it
The first two characteristics, forms of and
depends on the community where we live
structures of the family are the dyad family and
in.
the nuclear family.
 Other families might maintain to keep
Dyad Family
themselves kind of attitude.
▪ Composed of two people living together
 Possibly not because they are too proud
without children
but probably, in certain aspect also, in
▪ These are usually newly married or if
circumstances of the community but I
they’re not newly married they hope not to
believe also that families are able to
have children
contribute or relate to the community.
▪ They enjoy being with themselves
 Ex. When there will be occasions like fiest,
▪ Positive aspect: For companionship and
that is a big gathering, if there is a barrio
possible shared resources.
fiesta, each family somehow contributes
▪ Negative aspect: Possible short-term
something to the community, sponsors,
arrangement and can lead to sense of loss
donations, programs and whatever that is
Nuclear Family
needed to accomplish the success of the
▪ Composed of a mother, father, child or
said activity.
children living together but apart from
both sets of parents or relatives
▪ The good thing with nuclear family would
be: there would be a support for family
members and sense of security
▪ Nuclear family is mainly composed of two
adults, a mother and father if in cases they

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NCM 104
have one or more children and one of the 3. Blended Family/ Step family
couple has lower salary or might be on a ▪ Remarriage or reconstituted family
layoff from work so here comes the so if one single parent for example,
negative aspect it may lack support. she is going to marry a guy then
▪ People in crisis situation and also in child that would become now a blended
care if in case both are working. family.
▪ Positive aspect: This family would
be increased security and
Compound Family resources.
▪ One man or woman with several spouses ▪ Exposure to different costumes.
▪ Ex. Muslim culture we’re in a man is ▪ Costumes or culture may help
allowed to have several wives provided children become more adaptable to
that the first wife agrees with the new situation.
arrangement and also the capacity of the ▪ However the negative aspect,
man to support the next or the second would be rivalry or competition
wives and the children from the first family among children. Difficult adjusting
▪ This could only be more applicable in some to step parent.
cultures because if you will be basing it on ▪ In blended family, one single
cultures that does not accept this kind of parent married another single
arrangement then legalities will follow. parent so the children of both are
Extended Family known to be step sister, step
▪ Family is composed of two or more nuclear brother so possible rivalry of
families economically and socially related affection or material things.
to each other. 4. Gay Family
▪ It is multi-generational including married ▪ Or lesbian family
brothers and sisters and the families. ▪ Describes men who have sex with
▪ Extended family doesn’t only mean your men
parents and grandparents but also the ▪ Gay marriage is allowed in some
family of your brothers and sisters either countries in Europe and in the U.S.
of any of your parents so it is much bigger. ▪ They are accepted and they can
Extended Family adopt children as their own.
▪ Single parent now in single family. ▪ Positive aspect: The positive
▪ The reason for it could have been one of advantages of a nuclear family.
the parents has been widowed, divorced ▪ However the negative would be
or annulled. may suffer from discrimination
▪ It has the ability to offer a unique and from neighbors who do not
strong parent child bond because with this thoroughly approve or accept this
situation the parent is able to give type of family.
attention more to the child or children. ▪ Sitcom: modern family
▪ Negative aspect: Resources may be ▪ Bullying, discrimination because
limited. how can a child be raised by two
men or a child raised by two
women.
5 types of alternative families ▪ This can’t be avoided; people may
1. Single Parent/ parents not say it out loud but they give
▪ The one parent with child/children you that kind of look.
2. Families without children 5. Intentional Family
▪ They might be adopting since they ▪ You have a purpose in such family
don’t have their own that you create.

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Types of Family in Today’s Society 3. Adolescent parent
1. Traditional Family ▪ Teen parenting
▪ Will partake on being more on the ▪ A shortage of key life skills and
nuclear family and the two career other resources that are vital to the
family parenting process.
▪ Two career family is when the ▪ Children who are born to teen
two couples mother and father parents are less likely to ever reach
focuses more on their career and their full potential. Why is it so?
less on the child care. Because in most adolescent parent
▪ Child care in a sense that none of or single parent as you can see the
them chooses to be staying at name is teen parenting so the
home. parent is still a child in a sense that
▪ So if some parents will stay at not fully premature.
home and they still work so that ▪ Premature adult, the parent may
would still consider as a two not have reached his or her
career family. potential, his or her goals in life
2. Single Parent then the child has been created.
▪ Rears children or child single- So, it might have hindered to his or
handedly her goals or his or her wants and
▪ Now as a nurse, or future nurse, needs personally.
you have to identify who is the ▪ It could be that the parent doesn’t
custodial parent especially when have much knowledge on the
there are consent forms for care appropriate child care.
need to be signed. ▪ Certain aspects and circumstances
▪ Ability to offer a unique and strong again would play role to this thing.
parent-child bond. However, it is not advisable to be a
▪ Not all single parent were in their teen parent. Teen parenting is not
partners died or they become a that advisable to be involved in.
widow. It could either be one ▪ As much as possible we have to (at
parent or the couple had your age now) focus on your
undergone legal separation divorce studies and also your goals in life.
or annulment.
▪ In cases that you will encounter
this kind of scenario in the hospital Foster family
one day, you ought to know who ▪ As a nurse we have to determine the legal
has the custodial authority over the responsibility as to who will sign the health
kid when there is a need for legal care for the child.
consent to be signed. ▪ Foster family is not very uncommon to us
▪ Positive aspect: Single parents because in here foster family, the children
offer a unique and strong parent whose parents can no longer care for them
child bond are placed in a foster or substitute home
▪ Negative or possible not so by the child protection agency or by the
good in a single parent family government itself.
would be: limited resources. ▪ The parents are the foster parents to
whom the child stay will receive our
remuneration for the care of the foster
child.
▪ The government will give money to these
parents per child.

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▪ Positive aspects: Prevents children from where descent and inheritance are
being raised in large orphanage settings so passed equally through both
there will still be a focus on child care. parents.
▪ Negative aspects: Insecurity and 3. Matrilineal
inability to establish meaningful ▪ Related through mother
relationships because of frequent moves. ▪ Correlate with a social system in
▪ Now foster home placement is temporary which each person is identified
until the children can be returned back to with their matriline.
their own parents. ▪ Their mother’s lineage and which
▪ The most important thing to do if you will can involve the inheritance and
become a nurse one day hopefully is that property or titles through their
you have to determine who has the legal mother.
responsibility to sign for the health care of
that child. Family according to Location
Blended Family 1. Patrilocal
▪ Be an instrument in offering emotional ▪ Family resides/ stays with/ near
support to members of a blended family. domicile of the parents of the
▪ Positive aspect: Increase security and husband
resources; exposure to different customs ▪ Now if you can think about your
or culture may help children become family if your father is here in Cebu
more adaptable to new situations. and your mother is from manila or
▪ Negative aspect: Rivalry or competition from Mindanao but since you’re
among children difficulty adjusting to step staying in Cebu then that’s what
parents. we called as patrilocal.
Gay and Lesbian Family 2. Matrilocal
▪ Gay describes men who have sex with ▪ Live near the domicile of the
men. parents of the wife so again if your
▪ Lesbian denote women who have sex mom or mother side is from Cebu
with women. but your father is from Western
▪ (+) Aspects: Advantages od nuclear Visayas like Iloilo. Then that one
family you are practicing matrilocal.
▪ (-) Aspects: may suffer discrimination According to degree of authority:
from neighbors who do not thoroughly 1. Patriarchal family
approve or accept this family type. ▪ Authority is exercised by the father
and descent is traced through him.
▪ So the father has the thing to say
Types of Family in the family in the comic strip.
According to Descent 2. Matriarchal Family
1. Patrilineal
▪ Affiliates a person with a group of
relatives who are related to him
through his father
▪ This is more on the father’s side.
2. Bilateral
▪ Both parents a system of family
lineage in which the relatives on
the mother’s side and father’s side
are equally important for emotional
ties of for transfer of property or
wealth. It is a family arrangement

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▪ On your right side, the mother was 6. Matricentric
saying, out you go right now with ▪ The mother decides/take charge in
those shoes. absence of the father (e.g. father
▪ Think of all those filthy germs this is working overseas)
kind of family is populary known as ▪ The time being, maybe they’re
matriarchal members of the family. practicing patriarchal but since the
▪ Live together under the authority father is away abroad or in another
of or through the mother or island so the mother is the one who
through her. takes charge.
▪ We will say this as “under the saya” 7. Patricentic
or under the skirt. So the husband ▪ The father decides or takes charge
is under the wife. The wife has the in the absence of the mother.
last thing to say in everything.

3. Modern democratic 5 major functions of family

▪ Everybody is involved in decision 1. Reproduction
making. ▪ It is for the replacement of the
▪ Father doesn’t have the last to say, members of the society.
mother doesn’t either nor the ▪ It is to perpetuate the human
children. Everyone will be species.
discussing things together. There 2. Status placement of individuals in society
could either be some voting. The 3. Socialization of family members
pros and cons will be discussed by 4. Physical maintenance
the family themselves. 5. Welfare and protection
6. Family health test
4. Autocratic Family
▪ Rigid, strict matters of parenting.
Family health task
▪ Children are not allowed to talk
Task
back.
▪ The couple, the mother and the ▪ Is a function, but with work or labor
father are the team player on this overtures assigned or demanded of the
kins of type of family. person
▪ They would say because I said so ▪ Child a has a task to do things. This is now
your schedule. It is an individual
that’s why the children are
expected to obey to follow what assignment or function. Demanded for
has been decided, instructed and child aid to do.
everything in life will go smoothly. 5 family tasks (Maglaya , A, 2004)
5. Laissez-faire 1. Recognizing interruptions of health
▪ When there is a full autonomy, the development
parents don’t mind, doesn’t care, 2. Making decisions about seeking health
what the children will be doing. care/ to take action
Everybody has or has the power to 3. Dealing effectively health and non-health
do whatever they want to do, has situations
the right to do. 4. Providing care to all members of the family
▪ Everybody id independent to do 5. Maintaining a home environment
things on their own. conducive to health maintenance

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Family Tasks (Freeman and Heinrich, 1981) values and beliefs and shares a spiritual
1. Providing its members for promotion and core.
disease prevention 7. Healthy Family they share a spiritual core
2. Recognizing the interruptions of health or and have to attend or teach us a family
development with societal values.
3. Seeking health care 8. If a family is a healthy one and a good
4. Managing health crisis and non-health enough they give a good positive impact
crisis and contribution to the community where
5. Providing nursing care to the sick, they live in rather than those family who
disabled, or dependent members of the doesn’t give a good influence to the society
family or the community.
6. Maintaining a home environment 9. It fosters responsibility and value service
conducive to growth to others.You don’t just respect your own
7. Maintaining a reciprocal relationship with family, each individual of your family but
the community and its health institutions also the other people in your community
have a sense of play and humor and share
leisure time so it’s not an all work and work
Characteristics of Healthy Family (Defrain, thing with a healthy family you also have
1999 and Montalvo 2004) to have the balance.
1. Members interact with each other 10. To know the balance of play, so work and
▪ Healthy communication between play. You have to have time of relaxation
and each family member of other members of the family. It doesn’t
▪ They talk, they sit, they check on have to be everyday or every week but in
one another. It may not be all the a month you have that time to play and
time or everyday but if one of the interact and socialize have the ability to
family member does not live with cope with stress and crisis and grow from
them, there is what we call an problems.
open communication. 11. So a healthy family is able to cope with
2. A healthy family can establish priorities so crisis and grow from problems. So a
they’re able to gauge what is valuable. healthy family is able to cope with crisis
What is essential and what must be done and with crisis that they are facing on. This
first. would help them grow to be a better
3. Affirm support and respect with each person or an individual.
other.
4. Then engage in flexible roles/ role
relationship, share power, respond to Trends and Challenges Facing the
change. Contemporary Families
5. Support the growth and autonomy of 1. Marriage or remarriage
others and engage in decision making that 2. Dual career marriages
affects them so each family member in this 3. Divorce or marital disruptions
scenario has its own flexible role 4. Adolescent parenting
relationship means to say that our role 5. Cohabitation due to new sex norms and
now may suddenly change or there will be more tolerance parental attitudes
change on it in case of circumstance or ▪ Nowadays, if we ask our
situation. grandparents cohabitation at their
6. There is also power sharing and there is a time may not be as high than the
willingness to change and support the situation now because nowadays,
growth of the other person or member of people believe that they have to
the family teaches family and societal get to know the person better, and
prior to marriage or other may

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NCM 104
believe that there is no difference. ▪ You are not isolated on your own
But actually, there is a difference. thinking and don’t just stivk to that
Its just nowadays, cohabitation is kind.
much more acceptable in the ▪ You are able to open up for
society. suggestions on those around you.
6. Increase birth rates to unmarried women 2. Family Resiliency
▪ This is also common now because ▪ The ability to withstand and
social societal changes that is rebound from crisis and adversity.
happening, and also possible to ▪ There might be some challenges
this one would be the discipline and struggles from the family. It
implemented and also possible to doesn’t have to be within the family
this one would be the discipline reason maybe outside factors are
implemented and the culture being somehow like threatening the
inculcated in each family member. family.
▪ Sometimes the said family doesn’t ▪ So, with this one, since family is a
have much control because some group or a unit, they stand
of them could again due to together and be able to face such
circumstances of work and adversity.
providing the resources for the 3. Family Hardiness (Durability)
children so they are able to give ▪ Family’s ability to work together
less supervision to the children and cohesively, combatting stressors
the children are more or less and finding solutions to problems.
influenced by the social media and
other people outside the family.
▪ These are one of the challenges Family Life Cycle
that are being faced by the
contemporary families. Everything changes and again from marriage it
7. Homosexual relationships will be the beginning of the new family then the
▪ 15 to 20 years back, this is not that schooling of the kids from the new family growing
welcome in the community or in up of the kids and those kids that have grown up
the globe but because there are will have a child of their own
changes made and petitions 1. Joining of a man and a woman in the hand
somehow homosexual relationship of matrimony or marriage.
are much more now out in the 2. Followed by having children or formation
open. of kids, child bearing stage.
8. Grandparent household ▪ What is the possible task?
▪ Would usually affect each member Adjusting to the infant. Supporting
of the family. the needs of all members so there’s
▪ Growth cycle, there is a change in already now this shake within the
the family situation. family.
▪ There is a newcomer so the role
will be shifting. Changes will be
Attributes of healthy family there and regenerating of marital
1. Family Flexibility relationship.
▪ Being able to adapt the way you ▪ Second stage
think and communicate with those ▪ What we say is that the couples
around you may have less time being alone
▪ Adaptation together because of the new
member.

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▪ They will try to make time for ▪ Planning,
themselves. thinking,
3. Family with preschoolers and school age discussing and
children just enjoying
▪ Adjusting to the cost of family life the life of two
that can be seen coping with newly wed
parental loss of energy and single couples
privacy.
▪ Encouraging and supporting
children’s education (main thing of
the third cycle)
▪ Having and
4. Family with teenagers and young adults, Childbearing Family adjusting to
▪ Family with teenagers and young infant
adults maintaining, so the task with ▪ The newcomer
this stage, there will be that comes in
maintenance of open the family
communication among the ▪ Supporting the
members. needs of all
▪ Balancing freedom with members
responsibility of the teens maintain ▪ Regenerating
supportive home base and marital
strengthening of marital relationship
relationship. ▪ Having time for
▪ This young adults in due time will each other, the
somehow form their own family two couples
one day. Family with pre- ▪ Adjusting to
school children cost of family
life (additional
and financial
side)
▪ Start of the
schooling years.
▪ Adapting to the
needs of pre-
school children
to stimulate
growth and
development.
Stages and Developmental Task of the ▪ Coping with
Family Cycle parental loss of
Beginning Family ▪ Establishing a energy and
mutually privacy (why?)
satisfying Because
marriage. preschoolers
▪ Planning to will tend to feel
have or not like they own
have children. the world at
▪ More or less like home. They just
a honeymoon barge in, they

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NCM 104
take over, This is what my
probably the classmates will
living room will be doing. The
somehow turn best way is to
into a bedroom. talk it over, sit it
The bedroom over and talk it
will be the over with the
bedroom or the parents and the
master’s child. Both
bedroom which parties, the
is the parent’s couples and the
room will also children.
become their ▪ Encouraging
room. So there and supporting
is the loss of the children’s
privacy. education
Family with school ▪ Adjusting to the ▪ Education is one
age children activity of the of the basic
growing right of the
children child, the right
▪ Promoting joint to have proper
decisions education so as
between parents, as me
children and for myself, even
parents. we to
▪ Parents in this encourage and
stage because support our
during school children to have
age, the a good
children would education. To
listen more to know what is
the teachers, to the proper way.
the classmate This is one of
and they would the reasons why
insist “no your parents
mommy, no enroll you here
daddy” “our in CDU because
teacher said we they want what
have to do this is better for you,
and that “ even what is bets for
if mommy or you.
daddy will tell ▪ One way that
you “no, we can what makes a
do this one or parent happy is
alternate it” and that when they
then again the see their child
child would like you will do
insist because your work as a
this is what the student that you
teacher said. will study.

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Parents our can be your
obliged to give friend but at the
good education same time our
but you are also task is not
accountable and entirely as your
we expect that friend but as
you will be your parent.
responsible Parents are
enough to expected to
reciprocate the discipline you.
thing that you They are not
have. expected to do
Family with ▪ Maintaining vices with you
teenagers and young open and do fun in a
adults communication wholesome
among manner. They
members are also obliged
▪ Supporting and tasked to
ethical and support you
moral values ethically and
within the morally.
family. ▪ If you do
▪ Balancing something not
freedom with goo, or if you
responsibility for don’t do good
teens. actions and if
▪ Releasing young they sense you
adults with are are lying so
appropriate parents will tell
ritual and you “don’t lie to
assistance. me, you
▪ Strengthening shouldn’t do
marital that, that is not
relationship. right, that is
▪ Maintain wrong”
supportive ▪ Because if you
home base. are nor
▪ As parents, they reprimanded or
try to have a scolded then
very much open you will keep on
communication repeating your
with their mistakes or
children. They doing such a
don’t want their thing. Which will
children to hide greatly damage
things from you as an
them. Nor we individual. You
don’t want them will be a liability
to see us our to the
buddy. Parents community and

Alterado, Yna
NCM 104
reflects what not be them
kind of parents who have done
you have, what such mistakes
kind of family, but they might
you came from. have known
▪ Strengthening people who had
relationship, been caught up
because the in situations.
couples, They tell you
husband and not to do it
wife, has to because they
work together. know what is
They have to be wrong, they
a team player in know it will not
managing the be giving you a
house and good thing, that
members of the is not a healthy
house. way. All you
▪ As a family you have to do is
know that if in listen and follow
cases you have for the time
done awful being. Rtaher
things, whether than regrets will
or not social not fall in then.
acceptable, you Post-parental Family ▪ Preparing for
know that you retirement
can always lean ▪ Adjust to loss of
on your family spouse
because they ▪ Age of 60 late
got your back. 50s
▪ For young ▪ At the time, if
adults and the marriage
teenagers, prior age will be 20ish
to jumping into or early 30s so
conclusion and that would be
trying to tell around 50 to 60.
yourself that ▪ Once you start a
you know it. You family, it is an
have to think unending job
things, critical however old you
thinking is are, whether
needed and you are now a
your parents parent or you
reprimanded can ask your
you they’ve grandparents
been there, it their children
may not be which is the
them who had parents will still
done such seek their
things, it may advice. Nobody

Alterado, Yna
NCM 104
is old to be a ▪ Usually the father or whoever
parent. works in the family
▪ Even if your 2. Financial manager
grandparents ▪ Who is in charge in budgeting the
are 80 or 70 money.
years old, your ▪ Who is in charge in separating for
parents will still the payments and all of this other
go to them and things, it could still be the wage
talk them, ask earner which is the father or could
them be another person from the family
Aging Family ▪ Adjusting to who is very good in handling
retirement money and math.
▪ Adjusting to loss 3. Problem solver
of spouse ▪ It may not be the mother, it may
▪ Closing family not be the father, it could either be
house any member of the family
▪ Why is there a ▪ This person is able to troubleshoot
need for closing and does and does critical thinking
family house? At of the possible way to help and
this stage, the solve some matters that needs to
children of their be solved in the family.
own, a family of 4. Decision maker
their own and ▪ To whom the other members look
they left the up to and wait to as what should
house. So what be done.
happens to this ▪ Almost like a leader in the family
one, parents 5. The Nurturer
who are now old ▪ Focus more on the diet, what is
will be again appropriate for the family which is
living together, part of caring
as a husband 6. Health Manager
and wife as a ▪ Who looks after the welfare and
couple. health of the family
▪ If one is still ▪ One whom the family members
there and it’s expect to as to who will be catering
like they haven’t when someone gets sick in the
have children family who looks after and care for
yet because the the family.
children lives far ▪ More on the decision as to what
from their could be the right action to be done
house. in cases, there are sick members of
the family
7. Environmentalist
Roles and Responsibilities of family members ▪ In charge in recycling, gardening
Roles – a pattern of behavior that goes with a and what could be the possible
certain position, it varies according to our position ways to use to avoid such things as
in the family (eldest child, middle child or disposal that could also better in
youngest, role in the family). the environment and the family
1. Wage earner 8. Culture
▪ Maintains the culture of the family

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▪ Each family has its own brand or couples. It is their
trademark. misunderstanding. Children will
▪ What they’re really into like family always be their number one
oriented. priority.
▪ One person preserves that. There ▪ Whether marriage didn’t work or
might be occasions and this person there will be a fall off from the
would say “no, we will do it like this marriage or there is a possible
because this has been done last remarriage. Not a single parent or
year, the other or 10 years ago” no responsible parent will never
think about the welfare of their
children. It’s not the reason also
that the child is the reason why
Concerns and Challenges of the Family there is a problem.
Today ▪ Let the adult fix the problem of
1. Changing economic status their own because they much more
▪ Ex. Pandemic and drastic changes know the entire issue. In a society,
of the economy if a family member knows what the
▪ Has a big impact to the family not problem is then the thing in there
just our parents, the parents but is if you know the right
also to the children and each communication or the right
individual members of the family approach then you may have a say
2. Dual Career Marriages but it’s about the approach and
3. Homelessness Domestic violence: Impact timing. As much as possible
of Illness and Injury: Acute or Chronic parents concerned about their
Illness, Trauma, End-of-Life-Care children’s welfare they also want to
▪ Homelessness, domestic violence, know your view but you don’t have
if this happens in the family, it the right to criticize your action
shakens the foundation or the because sometimes the parents
mind bound, minds or relationship cannot tell you the entire problem
of the family. since it’s a sensitive matter, that
▪ Acute or chronic Illness, trauma mostly adults will need to discuss
and of life care, usually these are on their own and learn from their
the circumstances that would test own.
the family’s flexibility, resilience, ▪ Never self-blame. Children must
durability. never self-blame.
▪ If you maintain a healthy family 5. Marital Disruptions
relationship, a healthy 6. Increase birthrates to unmarried woman
characteristics like open 7. Increasing number of adolescent
communication, these challenges pregnancies
will be much more easier to solve 8. Grandparent household
ad overcome.
▪ End of life care would be death,
there will be a loss in the family.
4. Marriage and Remarriage
▪ Whatever your father and mother
have undergone, it does not mean
that they don’t love you.
▪ Our parents still will always love us
a child. If there will be a
misunderstanding between

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NCM 104
Two career family 2. Gender role
▪ A culturally politically defined roles
▪ Learned behavior in a given society
that condition the activities, task,
responsibilities the female and
male should do.
▪ Behaviors that where in the society
condition what the female and
male is expected to do.
▪ Female are more or less expected
Early Marriage to do the house chores, knitting,
gardening and preparing meals
and more expected to do the house
repair work and be a wage earner.
3. Gender Identity
▪ Represents an acceptance and
internalization of the cultural
definition of being a woman or man

Domestic Violence

Traditional Gender Stereotypes

Feminine Masculine
• Not aggressive • Aggressive
• Dependent • Independent
• Easily • Not easily
Influenced influencing
• Submissive • Dominant
Gender • Passive • Active
▪ It’s not just a boy or girl thing • Home-oriented • Worldly
Gender Sensitive Issues • Easily hurt • Not easily hurt
3 interacting parts emotionally emotionally
1. Biology (sex) • Indecisive • Decisive
▪ Biological aspects of gender or physical • Talkative • Not all talkative
characteristics • Gentle • Tough
▪ The anatomical and physiological • Sensitive to • Less sensitive to
difference between males and females others feelings others’ feelings
▪ Initial basis of gender • Very desirous of • Not very
▪ Gender initial basis would be the sex or the security desirous of
anatomical physiological difference • Cries a lot security
• Verbal • Rarely cries
• Kind • Logical

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NCM 104
• Tactful • Analytical
• Nurturing • Cruel
• Blunt The Filipino Families: Legal Perspectives
• Not nurturing Family code of the Philippines – E.O. 209
▪ Signed July 6 1987 (by: former Pres.
Corazon C. Auqino)
Patterns of Gender-role socialization ▪ Marriage, Inside the marriage, Requisition,
▪ More parents talk to little girls significantly the definition of marriage and legalities,
more than they do little boys legal separation, rights and obligations
▪ Treat little girls more gentle and expect between husband and wife,
them to be neater, cleaner and play more responsibilities of the parents and children,
quiet property relations between husband and
▪ Parents usually encourage boys to be more wife
tough than girls, to be more independent Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive
and aggressive than girls and to “act like a Health – Act of 2012 (R.A. #10354)
man” ▪ The State shall protect and promote the
▪ Parents typically perceive girls to be more right to health of women especially
vulnerable and fragile mothers in particular and of the people in
▪ Parents perceive boys to be stronger and general and instill health consciousness
more aggressive among them.
▪ Parents usually assign household tasks to ▪ Why is this important the RPPH? Because
girls-tasks that are related to the this does not just protect the children. If
traditional mother’s rule of cleaning and the mother have a succession of
cooking pregnancy. Every year, always pregnant,
▪ Parents usually assign outside tasks to always delivering children. She is also
boys such as performing yard work or putting her life in danger. And at the same
making minor repairs or encourage them time looking after the children and
to help their father probably the husband is a minimum wage
▪ Parents both praise and punish boys more earner. It will not balance everything.
and give them more intense socialization ▪ So this will protect the children at the same
than they do to the girls. time, the mother specifically.
▪ Parents give girls toys that encourage
them to be more nurturant (toy clothes,
baby dolls) The Filipino Family and its Characteristics
▪ Parents give boy toys that encourage them The traditional gender roles: fathers,
to be active and aggressive (toy trucks, mothers, children and the extended family.
balls, toy weapons) ▪ Filipino families are very close, so its very
▪ Especially when there is baptism a good common for parents to experience trouble
example if you are a godmother or seeing their children move out of the
godfather they will say “they need to buy home.
a toy truck for a boy or online games that ▪ Wherever the children is, it is expected
are more on war and combat” that the parents will possibly also follow.
Structure
▪ Typical Filipino family consists of a
Gender Anomaly husband, wife and children, and extending
▪ When the 3 interacting parts of gender are families.
not in accordance with one another. ▪ To include grandparents, aunts, uncles
Gender role socialization and cousins.
▪ The indiscrimination of an individual into a
pattern of gender linked expectations.

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NCM 104
Father: Celebrating Family Traditions
- Acknowledge as head of the family ▪ Practices endogamy, the custom of
- Commands full authority in the family marrying only within the limits of a local
Mother community, clan or tribe.
- Considered as the light of the house ▪ Consults each other when making
- Ilaw ng tahanan important decisions such as going to
- Responsible in all housekeeping college, taking a job overseas, and getting
activities, taking care of the children, married.
planning of meals and budgeting ▪ Giving due respect for a person “opo”,
family income. “po”, “ho” to higher status
Child ▪ Family gives due respect to older siblings
- Depends if eldest, middle, or youngest “kuya”, “ate”
or the only child ▪ It is not always right to call kuya or ate
Eldest even if now that you are now in the
- Helps the mother university we expect you to address
Middle people, if you will be visiting the school not
- Assumes the role of eldest as kuya or ate but Sir and Miss because we
Youngest are trying to mold you to become
- Most loved, always gets the special professionals. When you work someday, in
treatment. the hospital, you cannot call anybody kuya
Traditions of the Filipino Family or ate. You have to address them Sir,
▪ The Filipino people are known to have Ma’am, Madam or their title, Doctor. Even
close family ties. if you will be going to the malls, minimize
▪ The first things one should carry into a asking the salesperson or calling them ate
new home (you have a pot full of rice and and kuya. But we could do it informally to
you tighten the lead and you shouldn’t our relatives but not in commercial areas
open or use the rice, you have to keep it like in school because you might carry this
inside the house and it should be the first practice.
thing that you are going to move in, this ▪ “Pakikisama or getting along well with
would mean blessings and resources people
coming in to your house ) on the day they ▪ Filipinos are known to be hospitable even
transfer are rice and salt. if the Filipino people or a person doesn’t
▪ The number of people sleeping in a new have money, he or she will try to give you
house the first night should be the same something or prepare something on the
for nine consecutive days. Otherwise, table for you. Even if they have to put it on
death will occur in that house. credit as long as they can feed you well
▪ When doves and pigeons leave a house, it that’s being to the extent of being
is a sign that there is no harmony. hospitable. We try to get along well with
▪ If you wish to rid your home of unwanted people so we just agree, and no questions.
visitors, secretly sprinkle salt aroung the ▪ Utang na Loob or Debt of gratitude (Repay
house and they will soon depart. the favors done.)
▪ The Filipino people are very religious. ▪ Most common filipino practice is that we
▪ When building a house with stairs, make have done something good or contributed
sure to count them that they are not 13. something to a person, we expect that we
13 is a bad number. will be on the same shoes with the person.
That the person will be helping us or repay
us the favors we have done. That is what
we call Utang na Loob or Debt of
gratitude.

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NCM 104
▪ If you try to help somebody, try to avoid Household Members:
repayment, you help them because out of Name Age Relationship to
goodwill. Don’t expect that “oh, I’m gonna head of
help this person because this person will household
help me back, I can demand this person to
pay back because I helped him to do this
and that. Family Characteristics
▪ But Filipinos as per our culture, we have Family members living outside the
the tendency to expect but might as well household
avoid that because sometimes to be ▪ Name, age, and relationship to head of
honest, it’s not really good. If you want to household
help somebody, make it as a good will. Pay ▪ Location of family member(s)
it forward and do not ask for anything in ▪ Frequency and duration of contact
return. ▪ Means of communication
The care of the elderly and the sick Family Mobility
▪ The Filipino family is described as one of ▪ Length of time at current address
the “unique and most able social system of ▪ Address of previous residence(s)
care from birth to end of life”. Why? ▪ Frequency of geographic moves
Because Filipinos are known to be veru Family dynamics
caring to the elder member of the family ▪ Emotional bonding of family members
even if for example you have a ▪ Distribution of authority and power
grandmother or great grandmother who ▪ Degree of individual autonomy
still is with you or great grandfather you ▪ How members communicate
can see that the members of your family ▪ How decisions are made
are contributing for the welfare of the ▪ How problems are solved
elderlies in the family. ▪ How conflict is handled
▪ Compared to other nationalities, this is not ▪ Division of Labor
commonly practiced. Elders are considered
key members of the family. A source of
wisdom and Filipino values that must be Socioeconomic and cultural characteristics
passed on to the next generation. Family social integration
▪ Thus, putting an ailing parent or ▪ Language(s) or dialect(s) spoken
grandparent in a nursing home is ▪ Literacy (ability to read or write in
alien to most Filipinos. Usually, our language(s)
elders live with us and each family member ▪ Degree of social network with friends,
take shares on contributing on what he or neighbors, and other relatives
she can do. ▪ Network with religious organizations
▪ Network with social organizations
▪ Educational experience
FAMILY HEALTH ASSESSMENT FORM ▪ Work history
▪ Adequacy of financial resources
Family surname:____________ ▪ Leisure time interests
House No: ____________ Street:__________ Cultural influences: values, attitudes, and
Barngay:__________ District:_____________ beliefs about:
Municipality/City:___________ Contact No.:_______ ▪ Spirituality
Source(s) of Information:______________ ▪ Rituals (holidays and celebrations)
Data gathered by:____________ Date:______ ▪ Dietary habits
▪ Health
▪ Folk diseases
▪ Traditional healers

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NCM 104
private company for 11 years and her wife
works as an accounting clerk at BIR for 10
Family Environment years. Their daughter’s age is 11 which is
Family residence now in Grade 3 and 13 in Grade 4. Mrs.
▪ Adequacy of size ABC came from General Santos City and
▪ Structural safety Mr. ABC comes from Sarala, Mindanao.
▪ Water sanitation The family’s religion is catholic but Mr. ABC
▪ Food preparation and storage that came from Mindanao is Muslim in
▪ Sewage Religion. According to Mr. ABC, they don’t
▪ Garbage disposal have any problems regarding on the
▪ Excreta disposal Pest and vermin control differences of their family religion. The
Family neighborhood family’s structure is a NUCLEAR FAMILY
▪ Location (e.g., urban or rural, subdivision, headed by the father which is responsible
slum area) for the decision making in the family. But
▪ Type (e.g., residential, semicommercial) he consult’s the opinion of his wife. They
▪ Safety have an noticeable sign of respect for each
• Traffic patterns family members as we observed when we
• Lighting interviewed Mr. ABC. The children used
• Security (police or private) “Po and Opo” as a sign of respect.
▪ Population density (crowding) II. Socio-Economic and Cultural
▪ Sources of Pollution Characteristics
• Air The family’s monthly income is 30
• Water thousand all in all. Mr. ABC’s monthly
• Soil income as a private company driver is 12
• Noise thousand pesos while her wife’s monthly
Activities of daily living (how family spends income as an accountant clerk at BIR is 18
a typical day) thousand. According to our client.
▪ Health history (pregnancy, illness, death
within the past 5 years/health attendance)
▪ Self-care (health promotion and disease Genogram
prevention)
▪ Risk behaviors
▪ Health Status (problems and priorities)
▪ Home remedies
Health care resources
▪ Health workers
▪ Health agencies

Family Health Assessment

Assessment Phase:
Family Name: ABC
Address: Malanday,Marikina City
1. Family Structure: Characteristics and
Dynamics

The ABC Family has 4 members,

composed of Mr. and Mrs. ABC and their 2
daughters, Mr. ABC just 40 years old last
month. Mr. ABC works as a driver in a

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NCM 104
Family Tree

3. Interview
▪ completing the health history
(determines the current health
status based on significant past
health history)
Health history
▪ developmental accomplishments,
known illnesses, allergies,
restorative treatment, residence in
endemic areas for certain disease,
family health history.

Ecomap

Initial Database for Family Nursing Practice

A. Family Structure and Characteristics
1. Members of the household and
relationship to the head of the family
2. Demographic data -> age,sex,civil
status, position in the family and etc.
3. Place of residence of each member
-> whether living w/ family or
elsewhere
4.Type of family structure (ex. Matriarchal
or patriarchal,nuclear or extended)
5. Dominant family members in terms of
decision-making in matters of health care
Data Gathering Methods and Tools 6. General family relationship ->presence
1. Observation of any obvious/readily observable conflict
▪ uses sensory capacities (sight, between members characteristic
hearing, smell and touch) communication patterns among members
▪ The family’s health status can be B. Socio-economic and Cultural Factors
inferred from the signs and 1. Income and expenses
symptoms of problem areas a. Occupation, place of work and
reflected in the following: income of each working member
a. Communication and interaction b. Adequacy to meet basic necessities
patterns expected, used, and (food,clothing and shelter)
tolerated by family members. c. Who makes decisions about the
b. Role perceptions/task assumptions money and how it is spent
by each member, including decision- 2. Educational attainment of each
making patterns member
c. Conditions in the home and 3. Ethnics background and religious
environment affiliation
2. Physical Examination 4. Significant others -> roles they play in
▪ Utilizes inspection, palpation, the family life
percussion, auscultation, 5. Relationship of the members to the
measurement of specific body parts large community -> what’s the
and reviewing the body systems.

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NCM 104
participation of the family in Nursing Assessment
community activities. ▪ The nurse measures the status of the
C. Environment Factors family as a client, its ability to maintain
1. Housing itself as a system and functioning unit, and
a. Adequacy or living space its ability to maintain wellness, prevent,
b. Sleeping arrangement control or resolve problems in order to
c. Adequacy of furniture achieve health and well being among its
d. Presence of insects and rodents members.
e. Presence of accidental hazards Includes:
f. Food storage and cooking facilities ▪ Data collection
g. Water supply -> source, ▪ Data analysis or interpretation
ownership, and potability ▪ Problem definition or nursing diagnosis
h. Toilet facility -> type, ownership, 2 major type of Assessment
sanitary condition 1. First-level Assessment
i. Garbage/refuse disposal -> type, ▪ process whereby existing and
sanitary condition potential health conditions or
2. Kind of neighborhood (ex. problems are categorized
Congested,slum and etc.) a. Wellness state/s
3. Social and health facilities available b. Health threat
4. Communication and transportation c. Health deficit
facilities available d. Stress points / forseeable crisis
D. Health Assessment of Each Member Data collection
1. Medical and nursing history indicating 1. Family structure, characteristics and dynamics;
past significant (illnesses, beliefs and 2. Socio-economic and cultural characteristics
practices conductive to illness 3. Home and environment
2. Developmental Assessment of infants, 4. Health status of each member
toddlers, and preschoolers – e.g. Metro 5.Values and practices on health
Manila promotion/maintenance and disease prevention.
Developmental Screening Test 2. Second-level Assessment
(MMDST) ▪ The nature or type of nursing
3. Nutritional Assessment (especially for problems that the family
vulnerable at risk members) encounters in performing the
4. Physical Assessment/ Current health health tasks with respect to a given
status indicating presence of illness health condition or
states (diagnosed or undiagnosed by problem, and the etiology or
medical practitioner) barriers to the family’s
5. Results of laboratory diagnostic assumption of these task.
procedures supportive of physical ▪ Data include those that specify or
assessment findings describe the family’s realities,
E. Values and Practices on Health perceptions about and attitudes
Promotion/Maintenance and Disease related to the assumption or
Prevention performance of family health tasks
1. Immunization status of children and on each health condition or
family members problem identified during the first
2. Use of other preventive services level assessment.
3. Adequacy of
a. Rest and sleep

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NCM 104
Family Coping Index Terminal rating
• To provide a basis for estimating the ▪ is done at the end of the given period of
nursing needs of a particular family. time. This enables the nurse to see
A family health care need is present when: progress the family has made in their
▪ The family has a health problem with competence; whether the prognosis was
which they are unable to cope. reasonable; and whether the family needs
▪ There is a reasonable likelihood that further nursing service and where
nursing will make a difference in the in the emphasis should be placed.
family’s ability to cope. Scaling Cues
The following descriptive statements are “cues” to
Two parts of the Coping index: help you as you rate family coping. They are
1. A point on the scale limited to three points – 1 or no competence, 3 for
2.A justification statement moderate competence and 5 for complete
competence.
The scale enables you to place the family in Areas to Be Assessed
relation to their ability to cope with the nine areas
of family nursing at the time observed and as you 1.Physical independence: This category is
would expect it to be in 3 months or at the time concerned with the ability to move about to get
of discharge if nursing care were provided. Coping out of bed, to take care of daily grooming, walking
capacity is rated from 1 (totally unable to manage and other things which involves the daily
this aspect of family care) to 5 (able to handle this activities.
aspect of care without help from community
sources). Check “no problem” if the particular 2.Therapeutic Competence: This category
category is not relevant to the situation. includes all the procedures or treatment
prescribed for the care of ill, such as giving
The justification consists of brief statement or medication, dressings, exercise and relaxation,
phrases that explain why you have rated the special diets.
family as you have
General Considerations 3.Knowledge of Health Condition: This
system is concerned with the particular health
It is the coping capacity and not the underlying condition that is the occasion of care
problem that is being rated.
It is the family and not the individual that is being 4.Application of the Principles of General
rated. Hygiene: This is concerned with the family action
Rating should be done after 2-3 home visits when in relation to maintaining family nutrition, securing
the nurse is more acquainted with the family. adequate rest and relaxation for family members,
The scale is as follows: carrying out accepted preventive measures, such
• 0-2 or no competence as immunization.
• 3-5 coping in some fashion but
poorly 5.Health Attitudes: This category is concerned
• 6-8 moderately competent with the way the family feels about health care in
• 9 fairly competent general, including preventive services, care of
Justification illness and public health measures.
▪ a brief statement that explains why you
have rated the family as you have. These 6.Emotional Competence: This category has to
statements should be expressed in terms do with the maturity and integrity with which the
of behavior of observable facts. Example: members of the family are able to meet the usual
“Family nutrition includes basic 4 rather stresses and problems of life, and to plan for
than good diet. happy and fruitful living.

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NCM 104
7.Family Living: This category is concerned Assessed Problems
largely with the interpersonal with the None
interpersonal or group aspects of family life – how Lack of financial resources to avail maintenance
well the members of the family get along with one medication
another, the ways in which they take decisions Not enough knowledge in health condition
affecting the family as a whole. Lack of action in cleaning their surroundings.
They don’t have first aid kit and they don’t have
8.Physical Environment: This is concerned regular checkup. They don’t trust the services
with the home, the community and the work given by the health.
environment as it affects family health.

9.Use of Community Facilities: generally Justification

keeps appointments. Follows through referrals. The family is capable of doing their activities of
Tells others about Health Departments services daily living independently.
Mrs. XY has lack of maintenance in medication
because according to her she don’t practice taking
medications because it has no cure being given
Family Coping Index and it is expensive.
Family: Family XY Date: August 30,2013 Mrs. XY verbalized that she lessen her intake of
Address: Barangay 76- sweets but she is not aware of increased in salt
A Bucana, Davao City can contribute to bad health. She also does
exercise in the morning.
The family have improper disposal of garbage and
Family Point Assessed Justification
the stagnant water is near their house. As we can
Coping Scales Problems
see, the mosquitos are breeding to the stagnant
Areas
water.
Mrs. X once verbalized that they don’t have
Family Coping Areas enough money to buy medications especially to
Physical Independence their grandchildren.
Therapeutic Competence
Knowledge of Health Conditions
Application of Principles of General Hygiene
Health Attitudes

Point Scales
1 2 3 4 5
x
x
x
x
x

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