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Chapter I
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
are (a) Background of the Study, (b) Formulating of Research Questions, (c)
Research Objectives, (d) Significance of the Study, (e) Scope and Limitation,
There are four skill in English language teaching that students are
Among those four skills, reading is the most important one. Brown
(2007:21) states that reading is the most important skill in learning any
subject. However, Krashen & Terrel (1983:131) states that Reading may
to overall competence , to all four skills . It means that the learners who
mastered by the learners. There are many reason why the learners should
other, not only for promoting the students personal development but also
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pleasure.
needed high thinking to catch the meaning and the information in print and
reader guess, predict and try to get the meaning of the text about. As an
In this globalization era, Reading also plays the important role for
comprehend and deal with all reading aspect and difficulties. Reading is
The explanation of the basic purpose above has means that the
and the reader must interact and be engage with the text for it to work
well. It means that the students not only read for the text or answering
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what is the text about. In reading comprehension, the students also should
know the meaning of the text that they have read. There are two meanings
that exist, they are explicit meaning and implicit meaning. Understanding
meaning the students must read the text until they are really
understand and comprehend the text well. It means that to know the
text. They got difficulty comprehend the text. The students needed a lot of
time in understanding the text. Besides that, the students only had a limited
scope of vocabulary, and the topic of the reading passage made them not
really understand. In fact, it was hard for them to master their skills in
content of the text well. Finally, the students had difficulties in doing
exercises. Those all made their achievement became low and caused
failure in teaching and learning process. The cause of the problem not only
came from the students, but also from the teacher. From the teacher’s side,
comprehension in the class, speaking too fast, the explanation was unclear
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teacher did not understand how to manage their class and make the
reading skill. The teacher do not only ask the students to read certain text
in the book or students’ exercises book (LKS), and then he asked them to
do the task based on the text. But, the students needed more interesting
more time is spent teaching reading than other skill. In this case, the
as cited in Praveen Sam D & Premalatha Rajan (2013) states that Graphic
pictures, and other visual depictions to represent ideas, facts, and concepts.
Graphic organizers are meant to help students clearly visualize how ideas
provide students with a structure for abstract ideas. The researcher chooses
organizers include both words and visual images, they are effective with a
wide variety of learners. Thus, it will make learners more active because
In general, there are many kinds of graphic organizer, they are star,
descriptive map, tree, flow cart, T-chart, Venn diagram, word web, KWS,
pie charts, decision making diagram, story map, cluster, vocabulary map,
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cause and effect, classifying, compare contras matrix, cycle and watch.
because it helps the students to organize their thought. A spider map is the
various aspect and of a single theme or topic. Report text is the text which
can be shown easily. The spider map helping the student to focus on main
topic and supporting ideas, requires the students to review what they
already know in order to organize their knowledge and help the students to
B. Research Problem
Based on the background of the research, the researcher has formulated the
organizer?
C. Research Objectives
D. Hypothesis
The findings of this study are expected to give contribution for the
English teachers, English learners, other researchers and the writer herself.
The finding of this study may be helpful for the English teacher
3. The writer
This study can be used for the references for developing effective
1. Reading Comprehension
a text then comprehend and construct the meaning from the text.
2. Report Text
3. Graphic Organizer
Graphic Organizer is visual way that often involve lines, arrows, text
4. Spider Map