INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY REVIEWER

Witness --- man of the hour in court .

Victim ---- the forgotten one.
Offender -- the principal character to the CJS
Suspect --- One who implicated to the commission of a crime (subject of investigation)
Respondent --- person who is a subject of Preliminary investigation or inquest proceeding.
Accused --- person who charged of an offense in court and facing trial.
Appelant --- one who filed an appeal .
Criminal --- who is found guilty by final judgment
Police --- initiator or prime mover of the CJS
Pardonee --- one who is given pardon.
Parolee --- one who is granted with parole.
Probationer --- one whose application for probation was granted.
Petitioner --- one who files an application for Probation,parole and pardon
Criminologia ---- (Italian word) Raffaelle Garofalo 1885
Criminologie ---- (French word) Paul Topinard 1887
R.A 6506 --- Act creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologists in the Phil. And other
purpose.(approved/effective=July 1,1972)
Criminal ecology --- study of criminality in relation to the spatial distribution in a community.
Criminal epidiomology ---- study of the relationship between environment and criminality.
Criminal psychiatry --- study of human mind in relation to criminality.
Criminal psychology ---- study of human behavior in relation to criminality.
Criminal demography --- criminality and population.
Criminal physical anthropology ---- study of criminality in relation to Physical constitution of
men.
Victimology ---- study of role of victim in the commission of the crime.
Criminal Etiology --- study of the cause or the origin of crime.
Penology ---- control and prevention of crime and the treatment of youthful offender.
Sociology ---- study of human society, its origin ,structure, functions and directions.
Criminological research ---- study if crime correlated to with antecedent variables ,state of the
crime trend.
Delinquency ---- act not inconformity with the norms of society .
August Comte --- Father of sociology
Emile Durkheim --- father / modern sociology .
Mala prohibitum crime ---- acts that are outlawed because they clash with current norms and
public opinion ,such as tax ,traffic and drugs law.
Mala in se crime --- acts that outlawed because they violate basic moral values such as rape,
murder ,assault and robbery .
Mass murder --- killing a large number of person at one time.
Hypoglycemia --- which the glucose in the blood falls below levels/efficient brain functioning .
Hyperglycemia --- high blood sugar
Marital rape ---- forcible sex between legally married partners.
Statutory rape ---- sexual relation between an minor female and an adult male.(11yrsold below)
Jeremy Betham --- pain and pleasure
Cesare Becarria --- Free will theory
Edwin Sutherland ---- who introduced the ff definition of criminology. "Dean of criminology "
Gabriel Tarde ---- introduced the "Theory of imitation - suggestion "
Enrico Ferri ---- "Theory of imputable and denial of Free Will.
Ada juke --- Mother of criminals.
Henry Goddard ---- He was the first person to use the term "MORON"
Robert Merton ---- applied the theory of anomie of Durkheim to criminology
August Aichorn --- "Latent delinquency "
Ego --- "reality principle "
Id ---- "pleasure principle "
SuperEgo ---- resulted from incorporating within the personality the moral standards and
values of parents,community /others /tell what is right from wrong.
Oedipus complex ---- Electra complex in man.
Electra complex ---- girls begin to have sexual feeling for their father's .
Erik Erikson ---- "identity crisis"
Monogamy --- one marriage (1 man and 1woman )
Polygamy --- marriage of one man with two or more wife.
Polyandry --- marriage of one woman with two or more husband.
18-70 --- full responsibility
18 --- age of majority or legal age

CRIM SOCIO
CRIMINAL ETIOLOGY- the scientific analysis of all crimes, the Couse of all crime

SOCIOLOGY OF LAW- scientific analysis of the condition under which criminal law was
developed

ETYMOLOGY- accusation and study (Italian word criminlogia by: Raffaele Garafalo)
---
PRE-CLASSICAL- also known as demonological school, believe that people that commit crime
are demons (Retribution) (Aristotle, Plato’s)

CLASSICAL- the enlightenment period, free will, hedonistic (pleasure and pain)
(cesare becarria, Jeremy bentham)

NEO CLASSICAL- began during French revolution, introduce the application of mitigating
circumstances in imposing penalties

POSITIVIST/ITALIAN- emphasized the study that criminals are caused by physical stigmata,
atavism, physical features, and biological inheritance

(The holy 3 LOMBROSO, GARAFALO, FERRI)

---
CESARE BECARRIA- he proposed his great essay “On Crime and Punishment” (Social Contract
Theory)
*Demonstrated the fault and recommended remedies that all persons violated a specific law
should receive identical punishment regardless of the age, sanity, position and circumstances

JEREMY BETHAM - prolific writer “Greatest Happiness” (Principle of Utility)

CRIMINAL LAW DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. CRIMINAL LAW- is that branch or division of law which defines crimes, treats of their
nature, and provides for their punishment.

2. CRIME- crime is defined as an act committed or omitted in violation of public law forbidding
or commanding it.
3. GENERAL (characteristic of criminal law) - general, in that criminal law is binding on all
persons who live or sojourn in Philippine territory.

4. TERRITORIAL (characteristic of criminal law) - in that criminal law undertakes to punish

crimes committee within Philippine territory.

5. PROSPECTIVE-(characteristic of criminal law)- in that a penal law cannot make an act

punishable in a manner in which it was not punishable when committed.

6. FRENCH RULE- such crimes are not triable in courts of that country, unless their
commission affects the peace and security of the territory or the safety of the state is
endangered.

7. ENGLISH RULE-such crimes are triable in that country, unless they merely affect things
within the vessel or they refer to the internal management thereof.

8. FELONIES- felonies are acts and omissions punishable by the revised penal code.

9. ACT- any bodily movement tending to produce some effect in the external world.

10. OMISSION- is meant inaction, the failure to perform a positive duty which one is bound to
do.

11. MISTAKE OF FACT- is a misapprehension of fact on the part of the person who caused
injury to another.

12. MALA IN SE- wrongful from their nature, those so serious in their effects on society as to
call for the almost unanimous condemnation of its members and defined and penalized by the
Revised Penal Code.

13. MALA PROHIBITA- wrong merely because prohibited by statute, are violations of mere rules
of convenience designed to secure a more orderly regulation of the affairs of society. The term
mala prohibita refers generally to acts made criminal by special laws.

14. INTENT- intent is the purpose to use a particular means to effect such result.

15. MOTIVE- motive is the moving power which impels one to action for a definite result.
16. CONSUMMATED FELONY- a felony is consummated when all the elements necessary for
its execution and accomplishment are present.

17. FRUSTRATED FELONY- when the offender performs all the acts of execution which would
produce the felony as a consequence but which nevertheless, do not produce it by reason of
causes independent of the will of the perpetrator.

18. ATTEMPTED FELONY- when the offender commences the commission of a felony directly
by overt acts, and does not perform all the acts of execution which should produce the felony
by reason of some cause or accident other than his own spontaneous desistance.

19. OVERT ACTS- an overt act is some physical activity or deed, indicating the intention to
commit a particular crime, more than a mere planning or preparation, which if carried to its
complete termination following its natural course, without being frustrated by external
obstacles nor by the voluntary desistance of the perpetrator, will logically and necessarily ripen
into a concrete offense.

20. INDETERMINATE OFFENSE- one where purpose of offender in the performing an act is not
certain. Its nature in relation to its objective is ambiguous.

21. CONSPIRACY- conspiracy exists when two or more persons come to an agreement
concerning the commission of a felony and decide to commit it.

22. PROPOSAL- there is a proposal when the person who has decided to commit a felony
proposes its execution to some other person or persons.

23. IMPUTABILITY- is the quality by which an act may be ascribed to a person as its author or
owner. It implies that the act committed has been freely and consciously done and may,
therefore, be put down to the doer as his very own.

24. RESPONSIBILITY- is the obligation of suffering the consequences of crime. It is the

obligation of taking the penal and civil consequences of the crime.

25. GUILT- guilt is an element of responsibility, for a man cannot be made to answer for the
consequences of a crime unless he is guilty.

26. GRAVE FELONIES- are those to which the law attaches the capital punishment or
penalties which in any of their periods are afflictive.
27. LESS GRAVE FELONIES- are those which the law punishes with penalties which in their
maximum period are correctional.

28. LIGHT FELONIES- are those infractions of law for the commission of which the penalty of
arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos, is provided.

29. JUSTIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES- are those where the act of a person is said to be in
accordance with law, so that such person is deemed not to have transgressed the law and is
free from both criminal and civil liability.

30. EXEMPTING CICUMSTANCES (non-imputability) - are those grounds for exemption from
punishment because there is wanting in the agent of the crime any of the conditions which
make the act voluntary, or negligent.

31. MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES- those which, if present in the commission

CRIMINOLOGY LICENSURE EXAM

1.Coined in the word "Criminology" - Rafaelle de Garofalo.
2. Father of Classical criminology- Cesare Beccaria.
3. Father of Criminaliastics- Hans Gross
4. Father of Behavioral genetics- Francis Galton.
5. Father of traditional/Old Criminology - Cesare Beccaria Father of Modern Criminology-
Cesare Lombroso
6. Father of Questioned Doc. Examination- Albert Osborne
7. Father of Forensic/ ModernBallistics - Col. Calvin Henry Goddard
8. Father of Probation- John Augustus
9. Father of Organized Military Espionage- Frederick the great.
10. Mother of All Criminals- Ada juke/ Margaret.
11. First probation officer in the whole world- Edward Savage
12. Coined in the word "Photography" - William Herschel
13. Father of Police Professionalization- August Vollmer
14. Father of Police Organization- Henry Vayol.
15. Father of Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham
16. Father of Philippine Probation- Teodulo Natividad.
17. Father of English Probation- Matthew Daven Porthill.
18. Father of Parole/Modern Penology- Alexander Macanochie
19. First prison chaplain- Rev. Jarred Curtis
20. First Probation Officer- Edward Savage
21. Father of Modern Policing- Sir Robert Peel.
22. Father of traditional polygraphy- John A. larson.
23. Father of Modern Law Enforcement- August Vollmer.
24. Father of Psycho analysis- Sigmund freud
25. Father of forensic Investigation- Dr. Edmon Locard
26. Father of Podoscopy- Dr. Edmon Locard
27. Father of Personal Identi- Alphonse Bertillion
28. Father of fingerprint- Sir Richard Henry
29. F. of Criminalistics in Austria- Dr. Hans Gross
30. F. of Crims in America- Dr. Paul Kirk
31. F. of American Prison- Zebulon Reed Brockway.
32. F.of Victimology- Benjamin Mendelson Von Henteg
32. "Criminology" - Edwin Sutherland "Criminologie" -Italian word by Paul Topinard"
"Criminologia"-Latin word by Rafaelle de Garofalo 33. Benjamin Robins - F of Modern
Gannery/F. of Ballistics pendiulum
. 34. Father of eugenics- Galton First lethal injection- Leo echagaray./RAPE
35.John Augustus-Father of Probation
36.Edward Savage-First Probation officer in the world
37.Teodulo C. Natividad-Father of Philippine Probation
38.Mathew Davenfort Hill-Father of English Probation
39.Zebulon R. Brockway-He was the first superintendent of Elmira Reformatory
40.Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise-Director of English prisons who opened the Borstal institution
41.John Howard-known as the Father of Penitentiary
42.Sir Walter Crofton-He was the director of the irish prison
43.Alexander Macanochie-Father of modern Penology and Father of Parole
✅Republic Acts - are laws made by congress,the latter referring to house of representatives and
senate of the phils.duly signed by the president
✅Presidential Decrees- are laws made and approved by then former president marcos; here are
some of them;
P.D. 1414 - created the law on indigenous person,or the katutubo
P.D. 1619 - solvent and volatile
P.D. 968 - PROBATION LAW
P.D. 603 - THE CHILD AND YOUTH WELFARE ACT CODE..EFFECTIVE JUNE 8 1975
P.D. 1069 - PHIL EXTERNAL/EXTRADITION LAW
P.D. 532 - ANTI PIRACY AND ANTI HIGHWAY LAW OF 1974
P.D. 533 - ANTI-CATTLE RUSTLING LAW OF 1974
P.D. 1602 - ILLEGAL GAMBLING
P.D. 1866 - AS AMENDED BY R.A. 8294,ILLEGAL POSSESSION OF FIREARM AND
EXPLOSIVES
P.D. 1612 -ANTI FENCING LAW
P.D. 684 - CREATED SK
P.D. 1184 - CREATED THE PPSC
P.D.229 -DECLARING BGY CHAIRMAN AS PERSON IN AUTHORITY
P.D. 557 - DECLARING ALL BARRIOS AS BARANGAY
P.D. 1508 - CREATION OF BARANGAY COURT
P.D.1829 - PENALIZING OBSTRUCTION OF APPREHENSION AND PROSECUTION OF
CRIMINAL OFFENDER
P.D. 46 - ACT PUNISHING THE RECEIVING AND GIVING OF GIFTS OF PUBLIC OFFICIAL AND
EMPLOYEES
P.D 1689 - INCREASED THE PENALTY FOR CERTAIN FORMS OF ESTAFA
P.D.2018 - MAKES THE ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT A CRIME OF ECONOMIC SABOTAGE
PUNISHABLE BY LIFE IMPRISONMENT
P.D 133 - PRESCRIBED HEAVY PENALTY FOR EMPLOYEES THEFT AND LABORERS
P.D.1185 - FIRE CODE OF THE PHILS
P.D.1731 - PROVIDES FOR REWARDS AND INCENTIVES TO GOVT WITNESS AND
INFORMANTS
P.D 1732 - PROVIDES IMMUNITY FOR GOVT WITNESSES
P.D., 1869 - PROHIBITION OF GOVT OFFICIALS TO ENTER IN GAMBLING HOUSE AND
CASINOS
R.A 7160 - LOCAL GOVT CODE OF 1991
R.A. 4103 - INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW
R.A. 4200 - ANTI-WIRE TAPPING LAW
R.A. 1524 - PROVIDES FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE CONDITIONS FOR PARDON
R.A. 7610 - SPECIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGAINST CHILD ABUSED EXPLOITATION
AND DISCRIMINATION ACT AS AMENDED
R.A. 9344 - JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE SYSTEM MY 4 2006
R.A. 9231 - CHILD LABORING ACT
R.A. 6809 - LOWERING THE AGE OF MINORITY FROM 21 TO 18 YEARS OF AGE,TOTALLY
EMANCIPATED
R.A 7659 - DEATH PENALTY
R.A. 8177 - ACT DESIGNATING DEATH BY LETHAL INJECTION LAW
R.A. 3019 - AS AMENDED BY ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPTION PRACTICES
R.A. 6713 - CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIAL AND
EMPLOYEES
R.A. 7080 - ANTI-PLUNDER ACT
R.A. 7877 - ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT ACT OF 1995
R.A. 8049 - ANTI-HAZING LAW
R.A. 6539 - ANTI-CARNAPPING
4 Mayor theories in victimology Discuss

1, VICTIMS PRECIPITATION

when we say Victims precipitation sya yung gumagawa ng dahilan para siya ay biktimahin sa
or dahil sa pag uugali ng isang tao kaya siya nagiging biktima

VICTIMS PRECIPITATION
MERON YANG DALAWANG URI

1, ACTIVE PRECIPITATION
- Pag sinabing active precipitation mismong si biktima ang gumawa ng dahilan para sya ay
biktimahin

2, POSIVE PRECIPITATION
- pag sinabi naman nating POSIVE PRECIPITATION ito yung kahit wala namang ginagawa ang
isang tao siya padin ay nabibiktima
Example: sobarang bait mo dahil sa sobrang bait mo ikaw ay napag sasamantalahan ng iba isa
rin sa way kaya nagiging biktima ang isang tao dahil siya ay sobrang mabait

2, ROUTINE ACTIVITIES THEORIES

when we say routines activities ito yung mga gawaing walang pag iingat kaya nabibiktima ang
isang tao
Example: si A ay napaka burarang tao kung saan saan nya nilalapag ung Cell phone at wallet
nya isa rin sa nagiging dahilan kung bakit nabibiktima ang isang tao dahil sa mga ginagawa
nila na walang pang ijngat

3 LIFE STYLE THEORIES

Sa life stye theories meron yAng dalawa
1,RECREATION- ito ung ginagawa para libangin ang sarili mo halimbawa si A mahilig siyang
uminom ng alak tapos mahlig din sya mag punta sa bahay aliwan sa mga ginagawa mo para
libangin ang sarili mo nagiging biktima din ang isang tao
2 WORK RELATED ACTIVITIES- ito naman ung mga trabahong maaari kadin maging biktima
halimbawa si A gusto mag pulis alam naman natin na ang pulis maraming nakakasalamuhang
mga criminal anu pa POLITIKO , ABOGADO, ito ung mga trabahong may kaakibat na
kapahamakan

4, DIVIANT THEORYsa diviant theory naman walang mali sa araw araw na ginagawa walang
mali sa trabaho walang mali sa pa uugali Pero merong mali sa lugar na tinitirhan Halimbawa
naka tira si A sa lugar na kung saan napakaraming criminal o maraming gumagamit na drugs
so kahit na paka ingat mong tao kahit maaga ka umuwi or what kung ikaw ay naka tira sa
lugar na marami g criminal may posibilida