Lodging and Accomodation Accommodation and The Tourism Product
Lodging and Accomodation Accommodation and The Tourism Product
Lodging and Accomodation Accommodation and The Tourism Product
1. HOTELS - is the most significant and visible sub-sector. Hotels provides greatest total
employment in global terms, they account for the highest level of receipts and are
traditionally viewed as an accommodation that also provides F&B services to short-stay
guests on a paying basis
2. GUEST HOUSES, INNS, FARM HOUSES, BED & BREAKFAST are small, family-
style environment with simple and limited operations where guests may share facilities
and/or meals with their host
3. SELF –CATERING ACCOMMODATION are combination of accommodation with
additional recreational areas and the facility to prepare food on a personal basis.
4. CAMPUS ACCOMMODATIONS Its facility use includes both within and outside
tourism sector and is often used in a semi-permanent basis by students.
5. TIME SHARE are accommodation facilities that have limited private ownership or they
are period- constrained usually limited to 1-2 weeks a year. They are self-catering holiday
home ownership.
A form of period-constrained, self-catering, holiday, home ownership, which provides
additional benefits to owners in the form of possible access to similar properties in resorts
throughout the world through exchange consortia.
6. YOUTH ACCOMMODATIONS Young people tends to utilize accommodation at the
low cost end of the market bed and breakfasts
Youth hotels such as those run by the Youth Hotel Association (YHA), Young
Men’s Associations (YMCA) and Young women’s Christian Association (YWCA) and
their local equivalent as well as camp sites
7. CAMPING & CARAVAN SITES travelers bring their own accommodation to the
destination in the form of tents, caravans or trailers.
These accommodations are restricted in terms of space and privacy.
8. MEDICAL FACILITY ACC not normally seen as part of the tourism industry although
facilities in hospitals, especially in private institutions, are close to the best available
within tourism accommodations
9. CRUISE LINERS AND FERRIES – long-distance passenger liners provide
accommodation facilities designed as a necessary facility and ancillary to the prime
purpose of transport
COMMERCIAL SECTOR Operate on the principle of open public access, public can move
freely throughout these facilities without deterrent of highly visible security barriers.
A firm that has nothing to do with farming, manufacturing or transportation business.
Commercial Sector
Caravan Parks
Hotel, Licensed Villas
Hotel, Unlicensed Apartments
Motels Chalets
Private Hotels
Guesthouse
Farmhouses
Non- Commercial
Sector
Educational Institutions
2. Concerns the inseparability of the production and consumption of good and services in this
sector. The goods and services consumed has no lasting value
3. The fact that is immediately perishable. Means it cannot be stored and if it is not sold for any
given night, the opportunity of sale will be lost forever.
SECTORAL OVERLAP
Accommodation sector may or may not exist in organizational isolation from other
section of tourism economy
Operations that provide accommodation facilities and nothing else – some budget hotel
product, self- catering cottages and campsites.
Two Fairly unique aspects of the management in this business (from our reference book):
It may apply to all sub-sectors but is predominantly used with respect to hotels.
ACCOMMODATION CLASSIFICATION
ACCOMMODATION GRADING
In South Africa, all accommodation establishments can be graded through the Tourism
Grading Council of South Africa.
“Local establishments are graded from 1 Star up to 5 Stars. With 1 Star being very basic
in the facilities it offers and 5 Stars being a place with all the bells and whistles. But you need
not be a triple-story plush hotel owner to be awarded a 5 Star Grading. When our Assessors
perform a grading, they are mindful of the type of accommodation being graded. This means that
it is possible for smaller B&B’s to achieve 5 Star Grading’s too – provided they meet the
relevant criteria.”
Standardization- to establish a system of uniform service and product quality that helps
to create an orderly travel market distribution system for buyers and seller.
Marketing- to advise travelers on the range and types of accommodation available
within a destination
Consumer Protection- to ensure that accommodation meets minimum standards of
accommodation, facilities and service.
Revenue Generation- to provide revenue from licensing, the sale of guidebooks and so
forth.
Control- to provide a system for controlling general industry quality.
Investment Incentive- to give operations incentive to upgrade their facilities and
services
HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR
Service intensive business within accommodation are also labor-intensive and are always likely
to remain so. This is despite considerable improvements in : productivity through use of
technology ; training ; system efficiency ; and management effectiveness.
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
Every hotel, whether it’s big or small, needs an organizational structure to carry out its
daily operations. It is used to help divide tasks, specify the job for each department, and delegate
authority within and among departments. Effective job specifications will increase work
productivity and efficiency. Each hotel organizes the workforce in different ways. Here shows a
medium size hotel organizational structure.
It was basically segmented into six divisions: finance, front office, human resources, food and
beverage, sales and logistics as the following organizational chart:
Financial
The financial department’s role is to record financial transactions, prepare and interpret financial
statements, and deal with cost accounting and cost control.
Front Office
The front office (room management) department handles customer service including front
desk service, reservation, laundry, concierge, telephone, and housekeeping service. A hotel’s
front office is where guests are greeted when they arrive, where they get registered and assigned
to a room, and where they check out. It’s almost the most important department as it often offers
contact with customers.
Human Resources
The human resources department is given the responsibility to handle employee
recruitment, arrange staff training, make promotion and disciplinary decisions, and check staff
attendance.
Logistics
The logistics department is responsible for tracking for daily supplies, purchasing appliances,
and keeping security.
Back-House Operations
Front Office staff conducts these operations in the absence of the guests or when the guest’s
involvement is not required. These operations involve activities such as −
Determining the type of guest (fresh/repeat) by checking the database.
Ensuring preferences of the guest to give a personal touch to the service.
Maintaining guest’s account with the accounting system.
Preparing the guest’s bill.
Collecting the balance amount of guest bills.
Generating reports.
DUPLEX ROOM
■ This type is composed of two rooms located on two different floors connected with internal
stairs.
CABANA
■ This type of room faces water body, beach, or a swimming pool. It generally has a large
balcony.
STUDIO TYPE ROOM
■ They are twin adjacent rooms: A living room with sofa, coffee table and chairs, and a
bedroom. It is also equipped with fan/air conditioner, a small kitchen corner, and a dining area.
The furniture is often compact.
SUITE
■It is composed of one or more bedrooms, a living room, and a dining area. It is excellent for the
guests who prefer more space, wish to entertain their guests without interruption and giving up
privacy.There are various types of suites −
a. Regular Suite − Best for business travelers.
b. Penthouse Suite − Luxurious than the regular suite. It is provided with the access to
terrace space above the suite. It is aloof from crowd and provides a bird’s eye view of the
city. It has all the amenities and structure similar to a regular suite.
c. Presidential Suite − The best possible suite in the hotel.
SICO
■ This is a kind of multipurpose room, which can be used as a meeting room during the day and
as a bedroom during the night. These rooms have special beds called Murphy Bed that can be
folded entirely against a wall. This bed may or may not have headboard. The lower face of the
bed which becomes visible after folding or placing upright, has a decorative wallpaper, mirror, or
a painting. After folding the bed, the room can accommodate sitting for five to ten people.
ROOM STATUS
■ During the guest stay, the housekeeping status of the guest room charges several times. The
various terms defined are typical of the room status terminology of the lodging industry. Not
every room status will occur for each and every guest during their stay at the hotel.
■ Changes in this status should be promptly communicated to the front office in order to
maximize room sales and revenue. Maintaining timely housekeeping status requires close
coordination and cooperation between the front desk and the housekeeping department for the
Non- Automated / SemiAutomated hotels.
ROOM RATES
■ a room rate is the price charged by the hotel for one room for one night.