SHS STEM - BIOLOGY 1

Quarter 1 – Module 7:
MITOSIS and MEIOSIS

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General Biology 1 – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 7: MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin
DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

WRITER: Sonia D. Barba

REVIEWERS/EDITORS: Rowena D. Manaog

Jade Alberto
Ma. Lota C. Monte
Freddierick C. Apuli

LAYOUT ARTISTS: Jay Mark Base

Jonathan Roda
Jessica De Ocampo
“Compare mitosis and meiosis, and their role in the cell-
division cycle”
STEM-BIO11/12-Id-f-7

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 MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

How do living organisms differ from non-living things? One

of the best characteristics that distinguish living things from
non-living things is the ability of living things to produce their
own kind. The cell must divide in order for life to continue.
Cell division is necessary in reproduction, growth, and
repair. All organisms grow and reproduce through a
complex sequence of events called the cell cycle.

In this self-learning module, you will be able to learn about

the mechanisms on how cells divide and the importance of
this process to an organism. This module will greatly
help you understand the concepts and enjoy the
different learning activities as you go on with your
learning experience!

OBJECTIVES :

At the end of this module, it is expected that you are able to:

1. Describe mitosis and meiosis.

2. Compare mitosis and meiosis and their role in the cell division

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A. Direction: Matching Type. Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter in
the blanks provided.

A B.
Stages Description

____ 1. Metaphase A. Separation of sister chromatids

____ 2. Anaphase from each other
____ 3. Prophase I B. The chromatin condenses into
____ 4. Telophase II more discrete chromosomes
____ 5. Prophase I C. Chromosomes uncoil and
lengthen
D. Alignment of the chromosomes at
the equatorial plate
E. Disappearance of nuclear
membrane and the nucleus

B. Direction: Write MI if the description describes mitosis and ME if it is meiosis.

1. Produces genetically identical cells ________

2. Produces four new cells ________
3. Involved in asexual reproduction ________
4. Takes place only during the reproductive years of the organism ________
5. Results in haploid cells ________

How did you find the pre-test?

Please check your answers at the answer key section and see how you fared.
Don’t worry if you got a low score, this just means that there are still more things
for you to learn in this module. So, hop on!

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 Reflect on something that has changed about your
appearance or the things around you in the last month or
week (ex. Your hair, nails or even organisms around you).

What have you observed? Did they grow in size? in length?

What could possibly be the reason as to why your hair and
nails are growing? What makes your wound heal? How does
an organism grow, develop and multiply?

You may have been wondering and questioning about these

things; the answers lie in our understanding about the complex
process of Cell Division.

ACTIVITY
Sequencing of Events. Study the pictures of each set of events. Each set will have
four (4) numbered events. Answer this activity by numbering these pictures in the
correct order.
A. Mitosis

_____________ _____________

_____________ _____________
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B. Meiosis I and II

_____________ _____________

_____________ _____________
_____________

Were you able to answer the

activity correctly? Good job!
Now, you are ready to
proceed to the ACTIVITY
PROPER!

The activity above gave you an overview of what will transcend in the next
part of the module. As discussed in your Grade 8 Science, there are two
processes by which chromosomes are transmitted from one generation to the
next, these are Mitosis and Meiosis. Each type of cell division is composed of
sequence of events that leads to the production of daughter cells. But, what are
the commonalities and differences of these two processes? You will learn about
them as you proceed to the succeeding activities

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 ACTIVITY: PICTURE RECOGNITION

In your Grade 8 Science, you learned about Cellular Reproduction and

Genetics. Can you still remember the concepts discussed? To help you recall, let’s
answer the activity. You are probably familiar with the diagram/pictures shown in the
table; each shows a specific stage in Mitosis and Meiosis. This time, your task is to
analyze and identify them using the stages of Mitosis and Meiosis on the word bank
below each set of events.

MITOSIS

1. 2.

3. 4.

Prophase Anaphase
Metaphase Telophase

MEIOSIS I & 2

1. 2.
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 3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

Prophase I Prophase II
Metaphase I Metaphase II
Anaphase I Anaphase II
Telophase I Telophase II

ACTIVITY: MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS

Read the descriptions carefully. Place a check (✓) whether it pertains to Mitosis
or Meiosis.

Description Mitosis Meiosis

1. Results in diploid cells

2. Produces two new cells

3. Results in haploid cells

4. Involved in asexual reproduction

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 5. Takes place only during the reproductive
years of the organism

6. Involved in sexual reproduction

7. Results in haploid chromosome number

8. Takes place throughout the organisms’ life

9. Produces four new cells

10. Results in diploid chromosome number.

Were you able to answer the

activities correctly? Great! Now
let’s take a closer look at each
process

Understanding the concepts of cell division gives us a clearer view of how cells
in our body work in order to maintain its normal functioning and it explains how critical
their roles are in the continuity of life. For organisms to grow and reproduce cells must
divide, this is done through a process called Cell division. It is a basic process of life
that all organisms undergo, although it occurs in different ways in different species.
There are two major types of cell division namely: mitosis and meiosis.
MITOSIS
Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces daughter cells that are genetically
identical to the originally-dividing cells (parent). It occurs among somatic cells or the
body cells and is the reason why our body is capable of growth and development, for
example the increase in size or in length of an organism, the healing of wound to
replace damaged cells. This process is responsible for the growth and development
of an organism, repair and replacement of damaged cells and organelles, and helps
in maintains the constant number of chromosomes in all body cells of an organism.
There are four (4) stages under the process of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase and Telophase.

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 Figure 1. Interphase, the stages of mitosis and
cytokinesis

MEIOSIS

This is a type of cell division that occurs only among gametes or reproductive
cells (sperm and egg). It consists of two rounds of nuclear division; the first division is
called reduction-division, it involves separation of homologous chromosomes resulting
in two haploid nuclei, while the second division (equational division) results in four
haploid nuclei that are non-identical to the parents as a result of crossing over
(exchange of genetic material of homologous chromosomes).

Meiosis is important for continuity of life in eukaryotes. It is essential in the

production of sex cells/ gametes (gametogenesis); needed for the maintenance of an
equal number of chromosomes in the offspring; responsible for the genetic variations
in the next generation.

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 Figure 2. Interphase and the stages of Meiosis I (left) and II (right)

Supplementary Material

When internet connection is available, you may view these link:

1. Mitosis vs Meiosis : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrKdz93WlVk
2. 27 Importance of Mitosis and Meiosis:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OrTNTIo0Xs

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 Based on what you have learned in the previous
activities and from the discussion above, I
believe you can now answer the following
exercises.

Let’s Compare
Directions: Complete Mitosis and Meiosis by completing the table below using the
given factor. Indicate notes discussing any important differences or similarities or
events occurring in the phases.
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
MITOSIS MEIOSIS
In what type of cell does the
process takes place?
What is the importance of
the process in an
organism?
How many rounds of
nuclear division occur
during the process?
How many stages does
each process undergo?
Enumerate.
How many daughter cells
are produced?
How many chromosomes
are in the parent
cells?(Haploid/Diploid)
How many chromosomes
are in each daughter cells at
the end of the
process?(Haploid/Diploid)
Genetic composition
comparison of the parent
cell to the daughter cells
Do Synapsis and crossing-
over occur? If so, during
what stage?

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I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. A cell produced by mitosis has the number of chromosomes equivalent to ___
1. Haploid b. diploid c. aneuploid d. triploid

2. In which of the following do cytoplasmic division cells separate and ensure

that each new cell contains all the metabolic machinery necessary for life?
1. Mitosis c. Cytokinesis
2. Meiosis d. Kinesis

3. Each strand of a double-stranded chromosome is known as _______

1. Centromere b. homologs c.chromatid d. tetrad

4. Which of the following is the correct sequence of mitotic phase?

1. Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase, Prophase
2. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
3. Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Anaphase
4. Prophase, Metaphase,Telophase, Anaphase

5. Which process would produce daughter cells with the same number and
composition of chromosome as the parent cell?
1. Mitosis c. Cytokinesis
2. Meiosis d. Both Mitosis and Meiosis

6. Which of the following is the point at which the cell constricts and pinches the
cytoplasm into two?
1. Spindle fiber c. Cleavage furrow
2. Centrioles d. Microtubules

7. Mitosis and Meiosis differ in that ______

1. Mitosis is a reduction-division while meiosis is equational division
2. Mitosis produces two daughter cells while meiosis produce four
daughter cells
3. Mitosis produce sister chromatids; meiosis does not.
4. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells; meiosis in sex cells.

8. Which of the following occurs during Metaphase I?

1. Chromosomes cluster at opposite poles
2. Crossing over occurs
3. Chromosomes align along equatorial plate
4. Chromosomes condense

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9. Which of the following describes synapsis?
1. Homologous pairs of chromosomes separate and migrate toward poles
2. Homologous pairs of chromosomes exchange genetic material
3. Homologous pairs of chromosomes becomes closely associated
4. Homologous pairs of chromosomes condense

10. After mitotic division, how many chromosomes does each new daughter cells
contain?
1. The same number c. Twice as many
2. Half as many d. Four times as many

II. Compare and contrast. Using the Venn diagram below, write the
similarities and differences in the processes of mitosis and meiosis.

You may refer to the following vocabulary words used in this module:

Cell Cycle
o The repeating sequence of growth and division through which cells
pass each generation.

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Mitosis
o Somatic cell division; nuclear division in which the duplicated
chromosomes separate to form two genetically identical daughter
nuclei.
Meiosis
o A process of cell division in which the number of chromosomes in
certain cells is halved during gamete formation.
Chromosomes
o The structure within the cells that contains the genes.
Cytokinesis
o Division of the cytoplasm of a cell after nuclear division.
Chromatid
o One of the two copies of a replicated chromosome, joined by a
single centromere to the other strand.
Chromatin
o The complex of DNA and proteins of which eukaryotic
chromosomes are composed
Homologues
o Homologous chromosomes; one of a pair of chromosomes of the
same kind located in a diploid cell; one copy of each pair of
homologues come from each gamete that formed the zygote.
Haploid
o a cell that contains a single set of chromosome
Diploid
o a cell that contain two copies of each chromosome

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 I. Matching Type
1. D
2. A
3. E
4. C
5. B

II. MI or ME

1. MI
2. ME
3. MI
4. MI
5. MI

Learning Activities Answer Keys

Activity 1. Picture Recognition

MITOSIS

1. Anaphase 2. Metaphase

3. Telophase 4. Prophase

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 MEIOSIS I & 2

1. Metaphase I 2. Metaphase II

3. Prophase I 4. Prophase II

5. Telophase I 6. Telophase II

7. Anaphase I 8. Anaphase II

Activity: Mitosis or Meiosis

Description Mitosis Meiosis

1. Results in diploid cells ✓

2. Produces two new cells ✓

3. Results in haploid cells ✓

4. Involved in asexual reproduction ✓

5. Takes place only during the reproductive ✓

years of the organism

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6. Involved in sexual reproduction ✓

7. Results in haploid chromosome number ✓

8. Takes place throughout the organisms’ life ✓

9. Produces four new cells ✓

10. Results in diploid chromosome number. ✓

Exercise: Let’s Compare: Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis

MITOSIS MEIOSIS
In what type of cell does the Somatic/ body cells Gametes/sex cells
process takes place?
What is the importance of Regeneration of cells, Production of
the process in an repair, growth and gametes(egg and
organism? development, asexual sperm)
reproduction
How many rounds of
nuclear division occur 1 2
during the process?
How many stages does
each process undergo? 4(prophase, metaphase, 8(prophase I, metaphase
Enumerate. anaphase, telophase) I, anaphase I, telophase
I, prophase II,
metaphase II, anaphase
II, telophase II)
How many daughter cells
are produced? 2 diploid daughter cells 4 haploid daughter cells
How many chromosomes
are in the parent Diploid(2n) Diploid(2n)
cells?(Haploid/Diploid)
How many chromosomes
are in each daughter cells Diploid(2n) Haploid (n)
at the end of the
process?(Haploid/Diploid)
Genetic composition
comparison of the parent Genetically identical to Varied/ non-identical to
cell to the daughter cells the parent the parent
Do Synapsis and crossing-
over occur? If so, during NO YES, Prophase I
what stage?

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 I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. C
10. A

II. COMPARE AND CONTRAST.

Answers may vary

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Boundless. (n.d.). Boundless Biology. Retrieved August 04, 2020, from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/the-process-of-
meiosis/

College of the Redwoods & Northern Virginia Community College. (n.d.). Biology I.
Retrieved August 04, 2020, from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/biology1/chapter/the-cell-cycle/

LabBench Activity. (n.d.). Retrieved August 04, 2020, from

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab3/concepts2.html

Meiosis. Stages of meiosis. (n.d.). Retrieved August 04, 2020, from https://en.ppt-
online.org/305635

Pascual, et al. General Biology 1. Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc, 2017

Raven, Johnson, et.al. Biology.New York: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc, 2005
Rea, Dequillo,Chua. General Biology 1.Manila: Rex Book Store, 2017

Image Credits:
Mitosis (1): https://static2.bigstockphoto.com/3/8/7/large1500/78348347.jpg
Mitosis (2): https://www.pngwing.com/en/free-png-ppsvp/download
Meiosis (1): https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meiosis_Stages_-
_Numerical_Version.svg
Meiosis (2):
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/teloii.html

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