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Module 7 - NC II - Practicing OSH Policies and Procedures - Final
Module 7 - NC II - Practicing OSH Policies and Procedures - Final
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Acknowledgements
Education Development Center (EDC) would like to thank the staff of the USAID Opportunity
2.0 Program, Philippines local team, and the Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority’s (TESDA) National Institute for Technical Education and Skills Development (NITESD)
through its Curriculum and Training Aids Division (CTADD), whose invaluable insights guided the
adaptation of this curriculum.
Opportunity 2.0 aims to provide opportunities for second-chance education for vulnerable out-
of-school youth (OSY) by collaboratively working with TESDA in strengthening its technical
education and training systems to develop, deliver and monitor workforce readiness and
technical-vocational training programs that will prepare large numbers of out-of-school youth
to transition to further education and training, immediate jobs and self-employment
opportunities. In line with this objective, Opportunity 2.0 has developed the Work Readiness
Modules on 21st Century Skills modules which are appropriate for self-directed learning or
modular learning delivery.
The 21st Century Skills Curriculum is an adaptation of EDC’s globally recognized Work Ready
Now. The curriculum addresses the TESDA Amended Competency Standards for Basic
Competencies Integrating 21st Century Skills which were promulgated on July 9, 2019.
This content may not be produced without the permission of Education Development Center or the United States
Agency for International Development.
This curriculum is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States
Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Education Development
Center, Inc. and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
EDC 43 Foundry Avenue Waltham, MA 02453 Education Development Center (EDC) is a global
nonprofit that advances lasting solutions to improve
Contact: [email protected] education, promote health, and expand economic
opportunity.
Phone: 617-969-7100 Since 1958, we have been a leader in designing,
implementing, and evaluating powerful and innovative
programs in more than 80 countries around the world.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Table of Contents
Summary of Learning Outcomes 5
Module Overview 5
Written Assignments 6
Skills Demonstration 6
SESSION 1: Introduction to Problem Solving 7
Activity 1: Introductory Activity & Pre-Module Learner’s Reflection 9
Activity 2: Understanding General OSH Principles 17
Activity 3: OSH Requirements, Regulations, Policies and Procedures 21
Activity 4: OSH Preventive and Control Requirements 29
SESSION 2: Prepare OSH Requirements for Compliance 41
Activity 5: Setting the Stage for a Safe Workplace 42
Activity 6: Safe Handling Procedures of Tools, Equipment and Materials 47
SESSION 3: Perform Tasks in Accordance with Relevant OSH Policies and Procedures 57
Activity 7: Executing Work Activities According to OSH Work Standards 58
Activity 8: Reporting OSH Non-Compliance Activities 68
SESSION 4: Review and Assessment 74
Activity 9: Post-Module Learner’s Reflection 74
Activity 10: End-of-Module Assessment - Performance Task and Quiz 77
Key to Correction 83
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
“An incident is just the tip of the iceberg, a sign of a much larger problem below
the surface.” - Dan Brown
(“Ang isang maling pangyayari ay nasa ibabaw lamang, ito ay isang
sintomas ng mas malaking problema sa ilalim.”)
Module Overview
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Written Assignments
Please complete all written work in the module. Your skills in this module will be evaluated
through the following:
Skills Demonstration
The following activities will help you develop the knowledge and skills to achieve the learning
outcomes of this module:
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Performance Criteria:
The goal of an occupational safety and health program is to foster a safe and healthy work
environment and ensure protection for everyone.
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something
or someone.
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse
health effect if exposed to a hazard.
General OSH principles include avoiding and preventing hazards, using safe technology,
making sure the work environment is safe, integrating safety and health practices such as
breaks into production, and eliminating workplace risks at the source.
Key Elements of an Occupational Safety and Health Program: management leadership,
worker participation, hazard identification & assessment, hazard prevention & control,
education & training, and program evaluation & improvement
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Employers and employees both have responsibilities in ensuring and carrying out OSH
activities in the workplace.
Hierarchy of Controls:
˗ Elimination (most effective)
˗ Substitution
˗ Engineering controls
˗ Administrative controls
˗ Personal protective equipment (least effective)
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Objectives:
Welcome to Module 7, which will teach you about Practicing Occupational Safety and
Health Policies and Procedures for National Certificate Level II! This module looks into the
health and safety conditions of workers while in the workplace. Accountability, liability
and other safety concerns will be elaborated in the succeeding activities. Many articles
would tell us that despite the advances in technologies and studies there still risk in
workplace that could have avoided if proper assessment of risk management is in place.
Activities in this module are designed to assist workers to know how to identify risks in
workplaces regardless of years of experience working in the same company, and to help
workers understand their rights and the company’s accountability as well.
What do you know about Occupational Safety and Health? What is its importance in the
workplace?
This is not a test but is a way for you to see what you already know or do not know about the
topics. You will read a skill that is listed in the left column. Think about yourself and your
experience. Then read the statements across the top. Check the column that best represents
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
your situation. The results will help you and your teacher know which topics may require more
time, effort and guidance.
Ito ay hindi pagsusulit. Ito ay isang paraan upang malaman mo ang iyong kaalaman, kasanayan
o kakayahan tungkol sa paksang ito. Basahin mo ang mga kaalaman, kasanayan o kakayahan
na nakalista sa kaliwang hanay. Magbalik‐tanaw sa iyong sarili at mga karanasan. Basahin ang
lahat ng mga pangungusap at i‐tsek ang sagot na naaangkop sa iyong sitwasyon. Ang iyong
kasagutan ay magiging gabay mo at ng iyong guro sa pagpapalawak ng iyong kaalaman tungkol
sa paksang ito.
My experience 1 2 3 4
Knowledge, skills and abilities I don’t have I have little I have some I have a lot of
any experience experience experience
Kaalaman, kasanayan at kakayahan experience doing this doing this doing this.
doing this.
Mayroon Mayroon Marami akong
Wala akong akong akong karanasan sa
karanasan sa kaunting karanasan sa paggawa nito
paggawa nito karanasan sa paggawa nito
paggawa nito
Define basic Occupational Safety and
Health concepts and principles /
Mabigyang‐kahulugan ang
pangkaraniwang paksa at prinsipyo ng
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH).
Identify key strategies needed to promote
Occupational Safety and Health in the
workplace /
Matukoy ang natatanging estratehiyang
kinakailangan upang maitaguyod ang
OSH sa lugar ng trabaho.
Describe the key elements of a workplace
Occupational Safety and Health Program /
Malarawan ang mga natatanging
elemento ng Programang OSH sa lugar ng
trabaho.
Recognize the duties and rights of
employers and employees regarding
Occupational Safety and Health
requirements, regulations, policies and
procedures in the workplace /
Matukoy ang mga tungkulin at karapatan
ng mga may‐ari at empleyado patungkol
sa mga pangangailangan, pamantayan,
polisiya at pamamaraan sa lugar ng
trabaho alinsunod sa OSH.
Work Readiness Modules on 21st Century Skills | USAID Opportunity 2.0 Program| Philippines Page 10
Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
My experience 1 2 3 4
Knowledge, skills and abilities I don’t have I have little I have some I have a lot of
any experience experience experience
Kaalaman, kasanayan at kakayahan experience doing this doing this doing this.
doing this.
Mayroon Mayroon Marami akong
Wala akong akong akong karanasan sa
karanasan sa kaunting karanasan sa paggawa nito
paggawa nito karanasan sa paggawa nito
paggawa nito
Describe the main elements of DOLES’s
Republic Act 11058 (Declaration Policy) /
Mailarawan ang mga pangunahing
elemento ng DOLE’s Republic Act 11058
(Paglalahad ng Polisiya)
Apply DOLE’s Declaration Policy to specific
situations in determining how to handle
OSH issues /
Mailapat ang Paglalahad ng Polisiya ng
DOLE sa mga tukoy na sitwasyon upang
matukoy ang angkop na pamamaraan sa
paghahawak ng mga isyu patungkol sa
OSH.
Identify hazards and potential actions to
take in accordance with OSH work policies
and procedures /
Matukoy ang mga panganib at mga
karampatang aksyon at solusyon
alinsunod sa polisiya at pamantayan ng
OSH sa lugar ng trabaho.
Describe the role of employees and
employers in preventing and controlling
hazards and risks /
Mailarawan ang tungkulin ng mga may‐
ari at empleyado upang maiwasan at
mapangasiwaan ang mga panganib.
Use the Hierarchy of Control in
determining actions to take in controlling
hazards /
Magamit ang Hagdanan ng Kontrol sa
pagtukoy ng angkop na aksyon upang
mapangasiwaan ang mga panganib.
Explain how a risk assessment and other
OSH practices promote safety in the
workplace /
Maipaliwanag kung paano ang pagtatasa
ng panganib at iba pang gawaing OSH ay
makatataguyod ng kaligtasan sa lugar ng
trabaho.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
My experience 1 2 3 4
Knowledge, skills and abilities I don’t have I have little I have some I have a lot of
any experience experience experience
Kaalaman, kasanayan at kakayahan experience doing this doing this doing this.
doing this.
Mayroon Mayroon Marami akong
Wala akong akong akong karanasan sa
karanasan sa kaunting karanasan sa paggawa nito
paggawa nito karanasan sa paggawa nito
paggawa nito
Apply the steps of risk assessment to a
technical trade /
Mailapat ang mga hakbang ng pagtatasa
ng panganib sa isang gawaing teknikal.
Identify and prepare for effective OSH
practices in your technical trade /
Matukoy at maihanda ang epektibong
pamamaraang OSH sa iyong sariling
gawaing teknikal o trabaho.
Explain the general safety measures to
take when using hand/power tools and
machinery and equipment /
Maipaliwanag ang pangkalahatang
pamamaraan para sa pangkaligtasan na
angkop sundin kung gumagamit ng
hand/power tools, at makina at iba pang
kagamitan sa trabaho.
Describe safety measures specific to your
technical trade when using hand/power
tools and operating machinery and
equipment /
Mailarawan ang mga pamamaraang
pangkaligtasan na tukoy sa iyong
gawaing teknikal o trabaho sa paggamit
ng hand/power tool and pagpapagana ng
makina at iba pang kagamitan sa
trabaho.
Use methods of safe handling of tools and
equipment /
Masundan ang mga pamamaraang
pangkaligtasan sa maingat at ligtas na
paghaawak at paggamit ng makina at
kagamitan.
Describe why teamwork is essential for
OSH in the workplace /
Mailarawan ang kahalagahan ng
pagkakaisa sa OSH sa lugar ng trabaho.
Work Readiness Modules on 21st Century Skills | USAID Opportunity 2.0 Program| Philippines Page 12
Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
My experience 1 2 3 4
Knowledge, skills and abilities I don’t have I have little I have some I have a lot of
any experience experience experience
Kaalaman, kasanayan at kakayahan experience doing this doing this doing this.
doing this.
Mayroon Mayroon Marami akong
Wala akong akong akong karanasan sa
karanasan sa kaunting karanasan sa paggawa nito
paggawa nito karanasan sa paggawa nito
paggawa nito
Design precaution and safety protocols in
the workplace /
Makabuo ng disenyo patungkol sa
pamantayan at pamamaraang
pangkaligtasan at pag‐iwas sa panganib
sa lugar ng trabaho.
Identify safety protocols to prevent
common hazards such as electrical shock,
fires, lifting injuries and ladder accidents /
Matukoy ang pangkaligtasang
pamantayan upang maiwasan ang
pangkaraniwang panganib tulad ng
pagkakakuryernte, sunog, mga pinsala sa
pagbubuhat at aksidente sa hagdan.
Identify typical areas of non-compliance
to OSH standards in the workplace /
Matukoy ang pangkaraniwang lugar o
aspeto ng trabaho na hindi nakasusunod
sa pamantayan ng OSH.
Analyze why employers and employees
might not comply with OSH standards and
practices /
Maipaliwanag kung bakit ang mga may‐
ari at empleyado ay hindi nakasusunod sa
pamantayan at pamamaraang OSH.
Describe the consequences of non-
compliance to OSH standards /
Nailalarawan ang mga maaaring bunga
ng hindi pagsunod sa mga pamantayang
OSH.
Think about an experience (your own or one that you have heard about) where there
were risks in the workplace and people’s safety was endangered. What happened? What
actions were taken to manage the situation?
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
List the regular processes and practices that you (or someone you know) do in the
workplace that promote safety and health .
To learn more about Occupational Safety and Health, watch an 8-minute YouTube video
through this link: https://go.edc.org/safety-video. Jot down notes about the video using
the space provided below.
2. What are some of the processes that happen during a safety inspection? Give examples
of what an inspector might check for safety.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
3. How can conducting inspections help to ensure safety and health in the workplace?
4. As an employee at an organization or company, how do you think you and your colleagues
can prepare for a visit from a safety inspector? How can you maintain good safety
practices?
Check your understanding of Occupational Safety and Health by reading the definitions
below.
Occupational safety and health is a discipline with a broad scope involving three major fields –
1. Occupational Safety - understanding the causes of accidents at work and ways to prevent
unsafe acts and unsafe conditions in any workplace. Safety at work includes good
housekeeping, proper materials handling and storage, machine safety, electrical safety,
fire prevention and control, safety inspection, and accident investigation.
2. Occupational Health - a broad concept which explains how the different hazards and
risks at work may cause an illness and emphasizes that health programs are essential in
controlling work-related and/or occupational diseases.
3. Industrial Hygiene - the identification, evaluation, and control of physical, chemical,
biological and ergonomic hazards in the workplace. 1
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
The goal of an occupational safety and health program is to foster a safe and healthy work
environment and ensure protection for everyone.
What is a hazard?
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or
someone.
What is a risk?
It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss, or harmful effects on the
environment. Risks are expressed as a probability or likelihood of developing a disease or getting
injured, whereas hazard refers to the agent responsible (i.e. smoking).
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Objectives:
Identify key strategies needed to promote Occupational Safety and Health in the
workplace
Describe the key elements of a workplace Occupational Safety and Health Program
In putting Occupational Safety and Health into practice in the workplace, a few
strategic principles are essential:
With these principles in mind, imagine that you run a manufacturing business and you
want to set up an Occupational Safety and Health program. What would be the key
elements of your approach? Think about the following questions to help you answer the
question:
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Read the following OSHA recommended proactive approaches to promoting safety and
health in the workplace. Planning ahead, anticipating and preventing hazards, and
involving and educating all employees, are key to a safe workplace. Supplement your
work above with any new information you learn!
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
2 OSHA. (2016). Recommended Practices for Safety and Health Programs. https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3885.pdf
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Sharing is caring
This section encourages you to share your output to family and friends. You worked hard
on this so now it is time to tell others about the task you have just completed. Do it face to
face, via text, chat, or whatever means available and comfortable to you. It’s always great
to share your thoughts and hear feedback from people who care
Talk to someone you know who either runs a business or is an employee. Share your key elements
of an Occupational Safety and Health program with them and ask them what types of practices
their business uses to ensure safety and health in the workplace. Add any key points to your list
above.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Objectives:
Recognize the duties and rights of employers and employees regarding Occupational
Safety and Health requirements, regulations, policies and procedures in the
workplace
Describe the main elements of DOLES’s Republic Act 11058 (Declaration Policy) and
the Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 11508 (DOLE Department Order No.
198 series of 2018.
Apply DOLE’s Declaration Policy to specific situations in determining how to handle
OSH issues
Juan works in a large rice mill and performs different tasks including operating the milling
machines, packing rice into bags and sweeping of the milling and storage area. He is
supposed to wear a mask or respirator while performing these functions but there often
are not enough of these to go around to all the employees. He begins to develop a cough
that he cannot seem to get rid of and wonders if it is because of the dust created when
milling, packing and storing.
2. What steps should the employer be taking to protect employees’ safety and health in
the workplace?
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
3. What should Juan do to protect his safety and health in the workplace?
For OSH to become fully mandatory and implementable, the Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE), introduced the Republic Act 111058. It outlines the duties of
employers and employees in ensuring and following safety and health rules, as well as the
rights of the worker.
Let’s see what you already know about the duties and rights of employers and employees
regarding Occupational Safety and Health before we look more closely at DOLE’s Republic
Act 11058. Read each of the statements below and check () if you “Agree” or “Disagree”
with the statement.
Read Key Facts 7.2: Declaration Policy to learn more about DOLE’s Republic Act 11058 and to
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
check your answers. Make any corrections to your answers above after you read the information.
You can also check your answers in the Key to Correction at the end of the module.
DECLARATION OF POLICY
RA 11058
The State:
• labor as a primary social and economic force, … safe and healthy workforce is an integral aspect of
nation building
• ensure a safe and healthful workplace for all working people … full protection against all hazards
• provisions of the Labor Code of the Philippines, all laws, and internationally-recognized standards on
OSH are being fully enforced and complied with…
• protect every worker against injury, sickness or death
strict but dynamic, inclusive, and gender-sensitive measures
The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall issue the appropriate standards of occupational safety and health
for such purpose based on the number of employees, nature of operations and the risk or hazard involved.
DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, WORKERS AND OTHER PERSONS
A. Every employer contractor or subcontractor, shall:
1. Furnish the workers a place of employment free from hazardous conditions that are causing or are
likely to cause death, illness, or physical harm to the workers;
2. Give complete job safety instructions to all the workers, especially to those entering the job for the first
time, including those relating to familiarization with their work environment; •
3. Inform the workers of the hazards associated with their work, health risks involved or to which they are
exposed to, preventive measures to eliminate or minimize the risks, and steps to be taken in case of
emergency;
5. Comply with OSHS including training, medical examination, and where necessary provision of
protective and safety devices such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and machine guards;
6. Allow workers and their safety and health representatives to participate actively in the process of
organizing, planning, implementing and evaluating the program to improve the safety and health in the
workplace;
7. Provide, where necessary, for measures to deal with emergencies and accidents, including first-aid
arrangements.
B. Every worker shall participate in ensuring compliance with OSHS in the workplace.
• The worker shall make proper use of all safeguards and safety devices furnished for his/her protection
and that of others and shall observe instructions to prevent accidents or imminent danger situation in
3Department of Labor and Employment, Philippines. (2018). An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards
and Providing Penalties for Violations (RA 11058). http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/images/Files/DO-198-Implementing-Rules-and-Regulations-of-
Republic-Act-No_-11058-An-Act-Strengthening-Compliance-with-Occupational-Safety-and-Health-Standards-and-Providing-Penalties-for-
Violations-Thereof.pdf
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
the workplace.
• They shall observe the prescribed steps to be taken in case of emergency.
• The worker shall report to the supervisor any work hazard that may be discovered in the workplace.
C. It shall be the duty of any person, including the builder or contractor who visits, builds, renovates, or installs
devices or conducts business in any establishment or workplace, to comply with the provisions of this Act and all
other regulations issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.
Whenever two or more undertakings are engaged in activities simultaneously in one workplace, it shall be the
duty of all engaged to collaborate in the application of OSH standards and regulations.
WORKERS’ RIGHT TO KNOW
* The right to safety and health at work shall be guaranteed
• All workers shall be appropriately informed by the employer about all types of hazards in the
workplace, and provided access to training and education on chemical safety and to orientation on
data sheet of chemical safety, electrical safety, mechanical safety, and ergonomic safety
WORKERS’ RIGHT TO REFUSE TO UNSAFE WORK
• The worker has the right of refusal to work without threat or reprisal from the employer if, as
determined by the DOLE, an imminent danger situation exists in the workplace that may result to
illness, injury or death, and corrective actions to eliminate the danger have not been undertaken by the
employer.
WORKERS’ RIGHT TO REPORT ACCIDENTS
• Workers and their representatives shall have the right to report accidents, dangerous occurrences, and
hazards to the employer, to the DOLE and to other concerned government agencies exercising
jurisdiction as the competent authority in the specific industry or economic activity.
WORKERS’ RIGHT TO PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
• Every employer shall provide their workers, free of charge, protective equipment for their eyes, face,
hands and feet, and lifeline, safety belt or harness, gas or dust respirators or masks, and protective
shields whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous work process or environment, chemical, radio-
logical, mechanical and other irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or impairment in the
function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.
WORKERS’ RIGHT TO PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
• The cost of the PPE shall be part of the safety and health program which is a separate pay item
pursuant to Section 19 of this Act.
• All PPE shall be of the appropriate type as tested and approved by the DOLE based on its standards.
The usage of PPE in all establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being
undertaken shall be based on the evaluation and recommendation of the safety officer.
SAFETY SIGNAGE AND DEVICES
RA 11058
• All establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall have safety
signage and devices to warn the workers and the public of the hazards in the workplace.
• Safety signage and devices shall be posted in prominent positions at strategic locations in a language
understandable to all and in accordance with the standards set by the DOLE.
SAFETY IN THE USE OF EQUIPMENT
• In relation to the use of equipment, the employer must comply with the DOLE requirements in the
different phases of the company or project operation, including the transport to and from the
establishment, project, site or place where work is being undertaken.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION
• Workers in all establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall
be provided adequate and suitable information by the employer contractor or subcontractor, if any, on
safety and health standards, and the appropriate measures, including the probable location of workers
for the prevention, control, and protection against those hazards.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM
• Covered workplaces shall have a safety and health program including, but not limited to the following
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) has also issued Department Order No.
198 series of 2018 to outline the Implementing Rules and Regulation of the Policy.
Employers and employees should be familiar with their duties used for OSH. Read the
excerpt from the IRR below, specifically on Chapter 3 Section 4. This gives a more detailed
enumeration of the duties of employers, workers and other persons in the workplace
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
a. Duties of Employers – Every employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, and any person
who manages, controls or supervises the work being undertaken shall:
1. Equip a place of employment for workers free from hazardous conditions that are
causing or are likely to cause death, illness or physical harm to the workers;
2. Provide complete job safety instructions and proper orientation to all workers
including, but not limited to, those relating to familiarization with their work
environment;
3. Ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, the chemical, physical and
biological substances and agents, and ergonomic and psychosocial stresses under
their control are without risk to health when the appropriate measures of
protection are taken;
4. Use only approved specific industry set of standards of devices and equipment for
the workplace, as applicable;
5. Comply with OSH standards including training, medical examination, and when
necessary, provisions on protective and safety devices such as PPE and machine
guards. Training for workers shall include health promotion, hazards associated
with their work, health risks involved or to which they are exposed to, preventive
measures to eliminate or minimize risks, steps to be taken in cases of emergency,
and safety instructions for the jobs, activities and tasks to be handled by workers;
6. Make arrangements for workers and their representatives to have the time and
resource to participate actively in the process of organizing, planning and
implementation, monitoring, evaluation and action for improvement of the OSH
management system;
7. Provide, when necessary, for measures identifying trainings and drills, evacuation
plans, etc., to deal with emergencies, fires and accidents including first-aid
arrangements;
8. Comply with all reportorial requirements of the OSH standards, and
4Department of Labor and Employment, Philippines. (2018). Department Order No. 198 series of 2018. Implementing Rules and Regulations of
Republic Act No. 11058 entitled “An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for
Violations Thereof”. Accessed on February 28, 2021 from https://www.dole.gov.ph/news/department-order-198-18-implementing-rules-and-
regulations-of-republic-act-no-11058-an-act-strengthening-compliance-with-occupational-safety-and-health-standards-and-providing-
penalties-for-viola/.
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1. Participate in capacity building activities on safety and health and other OSH-
related topics and programs;
2. Proper use of all safeguards and safety devices furnished for workers’ protection
and that of others;
Whenever two (2) or more undertakings are engaged in activities simultaneously in one
(1) workplace, it shall be the duty of all concerned to collaborate and cooperate to ensure
compliance with OSH standards and regulations.
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What are the OSH duties and responsibilities of employers and employees?
Employers Employees
Sharing is Caring!
This section encourages you to share your output with family and friends. You worked
hard on this so now it is time to tell others about the task you have just completed. Do it
face to face, via text, chat, or whatever means available and comfortable to you. It’s always
great to share your thoughts and hear feedback from people who care
Share the work you have done on the infographic with others. They might have additional ideas
on OSH practices in the workplace that you could add in the infographic.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Objectives:
Identify hazards and potential actions to take in accordance with OSH work policies and
procedures
Describe the role of employees and employers in preventing and controlling hazards
and risks
Use the Hierarchy of Control in determining actions to take in controlling hazards
Determine actions to take when there is nonconformity to OSH requirements,
regulations, policies and procedures
As seen in the DOLES’s Republic Act 11058, both the employer and employee have a
responsibility to ensure safety and health in the workplace. There are many different
hazards one can encounter in the workplace so it is important that everybody play their
part and work as a team to promote effective safety and health practices. Remember
from NC I that there are different types of hazards that can be encountered - physical
safety, chemical, biological, and other health hazards.
Safety hazards can cause immediate accidents and injuries. Examples: hot surfaces,
slippery floors.
Chemical hazards are gases, vapors, liquids, or dusts that can harm your body.
Examples: cleaning products or pesticides.
Biological hazards are living things that can cause diseases such as flu, COVID 19, AIDS,
Hepatitis, and TB. Examples: bacteria, viruses, or insects. In the workplace, you can be
exposed to biological hazards through contact with used needles, sick children,
animals, etc.
Other health hazards are harmful things, not in the other categories, that can injure
you or make you sick. These hazards are sometimes less obvious because they may
not cause health problems right away. General categories may include physical,
psychological and ergonomic hazards. Examples: noise or repetitive movements.
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Let’s now think more specifically about different types of workplaces. Watch the following
DOLE videos on OSH and answer the questions that follow.
If you have time you can watch a longer video that looks at safety and health issues in
the workplace, An Introduction to Health and Safety - https://go.edc.org/intro-health-
safety7
1. List the types of potential safety hazards you see if safety and health precautions are
not put into practice.
2. What types of actions need to be taken by the employee to ensure his or her own
safety and health as well as that of their co-workers?
5 DOLE Labor and Employment Education Services. (January 29, 2014). Occupational Safety and Health.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0CGgjQOC00
6 DOLE. (n.d.). World Day for Safety and Health at Work. https://youtu.be/bN-orGSPfMU
7 Smith, John (n.d.). Cranswick Lazenby’s. Introduction to Basic Health and Safety. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2FNbuPR01Y
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3. What types of actions need to be taken by employers to ensure the safety and health
of all who work for the organization or business (refer to Key Facts 7.2: Declaration
Policy above as needed)?
Read the following OSHA-recommended actions an employee can take to practice good
safety habits.
1. Set your own standards. If you see others around you not wearing PPE or taking the
necessary safety precautions, do not copy them! Always be safe and do what you can
to avoid hazards and accidents.
2. Operate equipment only if qualified. Make sure you receive the training necessary
before operating equipment.
3. Respect machinery. Safely operate machinery. Don’t rush, don’t put your hands near
moving parts that can cut or crush you and always follow the safety rules in operating
the machinery.
4. Use your own initiative for safety protection. Ask for the proper PPE and ask
questions when you do not understand how to do something like run equipment or
machinery.
5. Ask questions. If you are uncertain about how to do something, ask! Better safe than
sorry.
6. Use care and caution when lifting. If something is too heavy, ask for help. Always
bend at your knees when lifting.
7. Practice good housekeeping. Keep your work area organized! Accidents happen when
areas are disorganized. Remember the “5 S” system from NC I!
8. Wear proper and sensible work clothes. Avoid loose clothing that can get entangled
in machines and wear sturdy footwear.
9. Practice good personal cleanliness. Wash your hands often and avoid touching your
face with dirty hands.
10. Be a positive part of the safety team. Follow the safety rules and encourage others
to do so too!
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Practicing the work safety tips will reduce hazards and help control the potential risks you
face in the workplace. There are several approaches that employers and employees can
use to controlling the risks. Read the scenario below and brainstorm ways to deal with
the problem, ranging from short term to long term solutions.
When it rains, water leaks from the roof and from windows into one of the stairwells at
the TVET institution where you work. The steps become slippery and trainees, trainers and
other school staff risk falling. There have already been a few accidents.
Think about what can be done to reduce the risk at the level of those using the stairs
(trainees, trainers and other staff) as well as at the level of school management. Write
your ideas in the box.
Read the information below on hazard prevention and risk control, including the
Hierarchy of Controls. Supplement your answers in the box above using the Hierarchy of
Controls. Compare your answers with the possible answers found in the Key to Correction
at the end of the module.
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10
9 Druley, K. (March 25, 2018). The hierarchy of controls. Safety and Health
Magazine. https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/16790-the-hierarchy-of-controls
10 Pittman, M. (May 14, 2020). NIOSH’s “Hierarchy of Controls infographic” as SVG. Wikimedia
Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NIOSH%E2%80%99s_%E2%80%9CHierarchy_of_Controls_infographic%E2%80%9D_as_SV
G.svg
License: Public domain
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Imagine you are a safety officer conducting an Occupational Safety and Health check in your
workplace or at home. List the potential hazards, and possible preventions of the hazards that
you have spotted, using the hierarchy of controls.
What happens when employees or employers do not comply with safety and healthy rules and
regulations?
1. As an employee, what would you do if your co-workers were being careless, not
wearing required PPE and potentially endangering the lives of those around them?
2. What would you do if your employer was not providing PPE or providing you safety
training in using equipment?
Share your responses with a friend or family member who has work experience. Ask them to
share any examples of non-compliance and how their employer handled it.
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Aside from physical safety and health, the government also ensures the mental
safety and health of employees through health promotion and policies as stated in
the Implementing Rules and Regulations of or Republic Act No. 11036 or the Mental
Health Act. Below are some of the parts of the IRR that may be relevant to you as
a business owner or employee:
11
Department of Health. (2019). Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 11036, otherwise known
as the Mental Health Act. Accessed on February 28, 2021 from
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2019/01jan/20190122-IRR-RA-11036-RRD.pdf
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Section 26. Mental Health Promotion and Policies in the Workplace. Employers
shall develop appropriate policies and programs on mental health in the workplace
designed to raise awareness on mental health issues, correct the stigma and
discrimination associated with mental health conditions, identify and provide
support for individuals at risk, and facilitate access of individuals with mental health
conditions to treatment and psychosocial support.
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2. Based on your insights and discussion, give at least 3 actionable steps that employees and
employers should do to ensure that mental health and safety is upheld in the workplace.
Employers Employees
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Performance Criteria:
2.1 OSH work activity material, tools, and equipment requirements are
identified in accordance with workplace policies and procedures
2.2 Required OSH materials, tools, and equipment are acquired in accordance
with workplace policies and procedures
2.3 Required OSH materials, tools, and equipment are arranged/placed in
accordance with OSH work standards
1. Risks assessments
2. Safe Handling Procedures of Tools, Equipment and Materials
Risk assessments - identifying and taking sensible and proportionate measures to control
the risks in the workplace, not about creating huge amounts of paperwork.
1. Identify the hazards
2. Identify who might be harmed
3. Evaluate the risks
4. Record the findings
5. Regularly review the risk assessment
The greatest hazards in using hand tools are misuse and improper maintenance. For
power tools, there is the danger of electrical burns and shock.
Follow safety rules when handling hand or power tools, machinery and equipment.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Objectives:
Explain how a risk assessment and other OSH practices promote safety in the workplace
Describe the steps to take during a risk assessment
Apply the steps of risk assessment to a technical trade
Generate ideas on identifying and preparing for effective OSH practices in their
technical trade
As we have seen from the previous session, hazards are present everywhere! If people
are not aware of these hazards, there is a greater risk of injury, disease or even death.
Occupational Safety and Hazard rules, regulations, policies and procedures were
developed to prevent such incidents and ensure safety in the workplace. In this session,
we will look at general ways to prepare the workplace and you will apply it to your specific
technical trade. We will then review the handling of tools, equipment and machinery from
NC I and again, apply the OSH standards to the technical trade of your interest. This will
help you think about OSH practices in general in the workplace, as well as specifically in
the use of the tools, equipment and machinery of your technical trade.
Read the information below in Key Facts 7.7. A lot of it will be familiar from the previous
session. You will then think and write about each of the main elements for your specific
technical trade.
A big part of managing OSH in the workplace is controlling the risk of potential hazards. Risk
assessments are central to this process as well as practices such as providing training and
information, supervision, first aid and safety signs.
Risk assessments: process of identifying potential hazards and deciding whether you are taking
reasonable steps to prevent that hazard. Steps:
12Adaptation of Health and Safety Executive. (n.d.). Controlling the Risks. Retrieved January 29, 2021, from
https://www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/managing/managingtherisks.htm. “Contains public sector information published by the Health and Safety
Executive and licensed under the Open Government Licence”.
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2. Identify who might be harmed: Think about how workers (or others who may be present
such as contractors or visitors) might be harmed. Workers’ input is necessary as they may
notice or have experienced things that are not obvious and may have some good ideas
on how to control the risks.
For each hazard employers need to be clear about who might be harmed – it will help
them identify the best way of controlling the risk. That doesn’t mean listing everyone
by name, but rather identifying groups of workers/people (e.g. ‘people working in the
storeroom’ or ‘passers-by’).
3. Evaluate the risks: Having identified the hazards, organizations and businesses then have
to decide how likely it is that harm will occur, i.e., the level of risk and what to do about
it. Risk is a part of everyday life but we need to try and reduce risks in the workplace.
Identify the main risks and the things needed to do to manage them responsibly.
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In addition to doing risk assessments, providing the following will contribute to making the
workplace a safer place:
Training and information
Supervision
First Aid
Safety signs
You will now imagine that you are a worker or a manager at a business where your trade is carried
out. You will go through the steps of a risk assessment and write down ideas on what this will
look like for each step. Use the information above to guide you and talk to people working in the
trade to deepen your answers.
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1. Identify the risks: What are the main hazards in your trade?
Hazards:
2. Identify who might be harmed: Who is most likely to be harmed and why? Are there certain
types of jobs in your trade that are more risky than others?
3. Evaluate the risk: What are the main risks and the things needed to do to manage these
risks? How likely is it that harm will be caused and what can be done about it?
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4. Record the findings: Develop a form for your trade area that workers could use to record
hazards, how people might be harmed by them and what is in place to control the risks.
Keep it simple!
5. Regularly review the risk assessment and other OSH practices: What other actions besides
keeping the risk assessment up to date can be done in your technical trade to promote OSH
in the workplace?
Sharing is caring
This section encourages you to share your output with family and friends. You worked
hard on this so now it is time to tell others about the task you have just completed. Do it
face to face, via text, chat, or whatever means available and comfortable to you. It’s always
great to share your thoughts and hear feedback from people who care
Share the work you have done on risk assessment with others. They might have additional ideas
on risk assessment and OSH practices that you can add to your ideas for the trade area you have
selected.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Objectives:
Explain the general safety measures to take when using hand and power tools and
machinery and equipment
Identify the tools, equipment and materials typically used in your technical trade
Describe safety measures specific to your technical trade when using hand/power tools
and operating machinery and equipment
Use methods of safe handling of tools and equipment if you can obtain a practical
experience in a work setting or at home
Now that you have explored general OSH practices such as risk assessment that will make
the workplace a safer place for employees, we will drill down further and consider the
tools, equipment and machinery used in the workplace. As in the previous activity, we
will start out with general safety practices and then you will consider these for your
specific technical trade.
Think about the hand and power tools that are typically used in your technical trade. For
instance, in carpentry you might use tools such as a hammer, screwdriver, hand saw,
circular saw, power drill, and sander, amongst many others!
13 14
13 "Open Lab Lyon Bron" by Sylvia Fredriksson is licensed with CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
14 "Reciprocating saw" by Phil Parker is licensed with CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
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If you are new to your trade, be sure to do some research, talk to people who currently
work in the trade, or go observe in a workplace if possible.
Write the list of tools in the table below. For each tool, write down some safety
precautions you think would be necessary to take. Remember, the greatest hazards in
using hand tools are misuse and improper maintenance. For power tools, there is the
danger of electrical burns and shock.
Read the information below from NC I on safety tips for hand and power tools.
Supplement your list above with any additional safety measures you had not included.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Repair damaged tools before using them. Disconnect tools when not using them,
Don’t use broken or damaged tools, dull before servicing and cleaning them, and
cutting tools, or screwdrivers with worn when changing accessories such as
tips. blades, bits, and cutters.
Cut in a direction away from your body. Keep all people not involved with the
Make sure your grip and footing are work at a safe distance from the work
secure when using large tools. area.
Carry tools securely in a tool belt or box. Secure work with clamps or a vise,
Don’t carry tools up ladders. Use a hoist freeing both hands to operate the tool.
or rope. Avoid accidental starting. Do not hold
Never carry sharp or pointed tools such fingers on the switch button while
as a screwdriver in your pocket. carrying a plugged-in tool.
Keep close track of tools when working Maintain tools with care; keep them
at heights. A falling tool can kill a sharp and clean for best performance.
coworker. Follow instructions in the user’s manual
Pass a tool to another person by the for lubricating and changing accessories.
handle; never toss it to them. Be sure to keep good footing and
Use the right personal protective maintain good balance when operating
equipment (PPE) for the job. Follow power tools.
company instructions for selecting and Wear proper apparel for the task. Loose
using safety eyewear, steel-toed shoes, clothing, ties, or jewelry can become
gloves, hard hats, etc. caught in moving parts.
Keep the workplace floor and general Remove all damaged portable electric
area clean and dry to avoid slipping or tools from use and tag them: “Do Not
tripping while carrying or using tools. Use.”
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Create an infographic or poster showing proper ways and reminders of handling hand and power
tools. Be specific for the technical trade you are exploring. Perhaps it will end up on the wall of a
workplace somewhere! If possible, try to find a way to actually get access to some of the tools.
Perhaps you know somebody in the trade or you can approach a business and ask if you can
observe, volunteer and learn from others on the job. Take a picture and post it in the box below.
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Now think about the equipment and machinery that are typically used in your technical
trade. For instance, in a bakery you might use equipment such as a mixer, different types
of ovens, a bread slicer, refrigerator, amongst many others!
16 17
If you are new to your trade, be sure to do some research, talk to people who currently
work in the trade, or go observe in a workplace if possible.
Write the list of equipment and machinery in the table below. For each item, write down
some safety precautions you think would be necessary to take. Remember, the greatest
hazards in using equipment and machinery can fall under mechanical (caused by the
moving parts) and non-mechanical hazards (by-products of using the machinery such as
harmful emissions, chemicals, gas, electricity and noise).
16 "Mixers and bins for flour and sugar" by sylvar is licensed with CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
17 "Dough sheeter" by drooooo is licensed with CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
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Read the information below from NC I on safety tips for equipment and machinery.
Supplement your list above with any additional safety measures you had not included.
Workers should be trained in the use of equipment. Never hesitate to ask for training.
Keep the work area clean.
Make sure equipment is in good working order (e.g. blades should be sharp) and has
safety guards.
Wear appropriate personal protective gear.
Make sure stationary equipment is anchored to the floor.
Keep hands away from the cutting parts of a machine.
Turn power off when not using the machine.
Do not distract the operator as it could lead to injury.
Wear appropriate clothing that will not get stuck in machines – no loose clothing or
jewelry.
Clean and store equipment and tools after use.
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As you did above, create an infographic or poster showing proper ways and reminders of
safely handling equipment and machinery for your technical trade. If possible, try to find
a way to actually get access to some of the equipment and machinery. Perhaps you know
somebody in the trade or you can approach a business and ask if you can observe and
learn from others on the job. (Remember though, you should not operate any equipment
or machinery without training!) Take a picture and post it in the box below.
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Sharing is caring
This section encourages you to share your output with family and friends. You worked hard
on this so now it is time to tell others about the task you have just completed. Do it face to
face, via text, chat, or whatever means available and comfortable to you. It’s always great to
share your thoughts and hear feedback from people who care
Find somebody who works in or is familiar with the technical trade you are focusing on. Share
the work you have done on identifying the tools, equipment and machinery in your technical
trade and the safety measures you think are important. Show them your infographics/posters
too! Ask them to describe additional hand and power tools, and equipment and machinery you
may have forgotten and what safety precautions are needed. Ask them to share any experiences
in the workplace when safety measures were not adhere to and how this was handled. Write
additional information in the box below and add to your work above as well.
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Performance Criteria:
3.1 Relevant OSH work procedures are identified in accordance with workplace policies
and procedures
3.2 Work activities are executed in accordance with OSH work standards
3.3 Non-compliance work activities are reported appropriate personnel
1. Working safely
2. Safe practices and procedures when on the job: safety for electricity, fire, lifting and
ladder use
3. Compliance to OSH standards and practices
Safety for one is safety for all. One employee acting irresponsibly can endanger him or
herself and put others at risk. Work as a team and promote a culture of safety in the
workplace.
DOLE’s Republic Act No. 11058 ensures a safe and healthful workplace for all working
people by providing them protection against hazards.
Failure to comply with the OSH standards and practices in the Republic Act No. 11058 will
result in fines.
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Objectives:
2. Give examples of what could happen if one person in a workplace does not follow
safety rules.
3. Think back to the modules on team work and collaboration. How can teamwork make
a workplace safer?
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4. What needs to be in place for there to be teamwork on safety and health in the
workplace?
Safety for one is safety for all. One employee acting irresponsibly can not only endanger
him or herself, but also put others at risk. All employees have a role to play in ensuring a
work environment that is safe and healthy for all working in it. Considering that safety is
a concern for all, a team effort to making sure work activities are carried out following
OSH standards is necessary. Having a workplace Safety Team can be beneficial, bringing
workers and managers together to promote and maintain a safe, healthful workplace.
The Team ensures that safety is treated as an integral function of the company.
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safety process
Utilize employee
feedback to reassess
the safety program
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Some types of hazards can be present in many technical trades. Read the following
scenarios and identify the actions that can be taken in the workplace to prevent such
situations. Then think about your technical trade in specific and what types of precautions
can be put into place to avoid the hazards.
Daniel works in a fish processing company where they cook, prepare and package fish to sell to
restaurants and large supermarkets. One of Daniel’s tasks is to retrieve the fish stored in the
refrigerators and bring it to the area where they prepare it. One day he opened the metal door
of one of the refrigerators and got a shock that left his hands and arms burned.
What could have been the problem and what safety measures should have been in place to avoid
this accident?18
18Source: https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/kitchen-restaurant-empty-interior-with-
supplies_6823176.htm#page=1&query=commercial%20refrigeration&position=29
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Scenario 2: Fire!19
Go Go Garage was a popular place for car repairs. One day they became so busy they were not
able to keep up with the work. Employees were tired and the garage was becoming quite
disorganized with tools and supplies scattered about. While some workers were welding a crack
in a car’s muffler system, sparks flew out and landed on an open can of auto paint. Within minutes
it caught fire and started spreading throughout the shop. Some workers searched for fire
extinguishers but could not find them. It became too hot and everyone evacuated the garage.
What caused the fire and what factors made the situation worse? How could the fire have been
prevented?
19 Source: https://unsplash.com/photos/-v9Z6-uJxk4
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Scenario 3: Oh my back!
Maria works in the accounting office of a health and fitness center. One day a delivery of
equipment was left in the doorway. She knew that clients would soon be arriving so needed to
move the boxes. It was early, however, and nobody was around to help her. The boxes were
heavy but she was determined to move them. When she bent over to lift the second box, she felt
a sharp pain move through her back and she cried out in pain. She fell down on the floor and
couldn’t get up.
20
What happened and how could Maria have handled the situation differently for her own safety?
20 Source: https://unsplash.com/photos/W8CyjblrF8U
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
What happened and what safety procedures should be put into place to avoid this problem in
the future?
21 Source: https://unsplash.com/photos/eEjD0kK1NHY
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Read Key Facts 7.8 below to learn more about OSH practices and supplement your
answers above!
Key Facts 7.8: Safe Practices and Procedures when on the Job22 23
22
Department of Labor and Employment, Occupational Safety and Health Center. (n.d.). Basic Occupational Safety and Health Training.
http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/images/OSHTrainingAnnouncement/BOSH-Manual_Narrative-Handout.pdf
23
Health and Safety Executive. (n.d.). The Health and Safety Toolbox: How to Control Risks at Work. Retrieved January 29, 2021, from
https://www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/index.htm. “Contains public sector information published by the Health and Safety Executive and licensed
under the Open Government Licence”.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Now think about a typical workplace of your technical trade or from a recent job you held.
Identify the key tasks or activities that you would do in the job and the hazards or risks present.
Then identify the methods to control the hazard, pulling together what you have learned in
module so far about OSH practices. Use the template below to complete this activity.
24
Image from: "Fork Lift Truck Moving Boxes" by Whitefields Document Storage is licensed with CC BY 2.0. To view
a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
25
Workplace Safety Tips: A Comprehensive Resource
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Objectives:
Explain what it means to comply or not comply to OSH standards in the
workplace
Identify typical areas of non-compliance in the workplace
Analyze why employers and employees might not comply with OSH standards
and practices
Describe the consequences of non-compliance to OSH standards
In Session 1 you learned about DOLE’s Republic Act No. 11058 and roles and
responsibilities of employers and employees in following OSH standards. The title of the
act is “An Act Strengthening Compliance With Occupational Safety and Health Standards
and Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof”.
1. In your own words, what is the meaning of this title and the purpose of the act?
2. What do you think happens to employers and employees who do not comply with
Occupational Safety and Health standards?
Re-read Key Facts 7.2: Declaration Policy found in Session 1 Activity 3 to refresh your
minds on the duties and rights of employers and employees in complying with the OSH
Standards Law (RA No. 11058).
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Discuss the newspaper headline with a family member or friend who is familiar with Occupational
Safety and Health. Brainstorm a list of possible reasons these penalties were given. What are
common violations of OSH practices in the workplace for your technical trade? Other trades?
Write your ideas below.
It turns out that 27 companies were given fines for the following infractions: lack of safety
officer and trained first aider, safety signages and barricades, mandatory OSH orientation
for workers, first aid kits, TESDA certificates for the operation of heavy equipment, OSH
policies and reports, testing certificates for heavy equipment and fire fighting equipment;
non-provision of safe drinking water and emergency medicines; poor housekeeping and
non-registration of establishment. Check to see if you had any of these violations listed
above!
All of these violations come with penalties ranging from P20,000 to P100,000.that are
described in Section 29 Prohibited Acts and its Corresponding Penalties. For example,
26
Manilabulletin_admin. (2020, January 20). DOLE slaps P2.4 million in penalties on occupational safety, health
violators in Region 1. Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://mb.com.ph/2020/01/21/dole-slaps-p2-4-million-
in-penalties-on-occupational-safety-health-violators-in-region-1/
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
What do you think are the main reasons of non-compliance by employers? By employees?
Write your ideas below in the table.
There are many reasons why employers and employees might not comply with OSH
practices and procedures. These could be situational or organizational. An employee
might have a heavy workload and be tired. She or he could be facing time pressure to get
a job done. Perhaps the organization has not properly trained the employee in the use of
equipment or in safety procedures so mistakes are made. The company might have
limited resources so is cutting back on things like training, supervision and taking time to
inspect equipment.
As you have learned in the previous sessions, employers and employees have both rights
and responsibilities in ensuring OSH standards and practices are carried out in the
workplace. Being aware of what these are is a first step to making sure it happens.
Employees do have the right to report any hazards or accidents in the workplace to their
supervisors, managers, and to DOLE and other government agencies (see Section 7:
Workers' Right to Report Accidents of RA No. 11058).
Everybody has a role in ensuring OSH standards and procedures are carried out in the
workplace. With team work, good communication and commitment to a safe
environment, every business or organization can achieve this, resulting in a more
productive and successful workplace.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
The Performance Criteria Checklist is an opportunity for you to assess your learning
outcomes in the session and know how well you did in doing the activities in this
session. You will speak to your facilitator to
1. Share your experiences in completing the session
2. Discuss your development and progress towards the intended skills
3. Plan how you will move forward to continue making progress in the module
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
5. Review and check of the learner’s answers and outputs for the session.
6. Feedback on the learner’s performance in terms of the following: mastery of
content, skills development, and pace in answering the module.
7. Plans for how the learner will move forward with the module.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Objectives:
Now that you have reached the end of the module, let us see if you are able to develop the
necessary skills in Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures for NC II
Level, conduct a self-assessment and complete the table below.
Statements on my experience, knowledge, skills and abilities / Circle YES if you have shown or can do the
Mga pahayag tungkol sa aking kaalaman, kasanayan at statement, NO if not /
kakayahan Bilugan ang OO kung naipakita o nagawa
mo na ang mga pahayag, HINDI kung hindi
I can… / Kaya ko nang… pa naipakita o nagawa
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Statements on my experience, knowledge, skills and abilities / Circle YES if you have shown or can do the
Mga pahayag tungkol sa aking kaalaman, kasanayan at statement, NO if not /
kakayahan Bilugan ang OO kung naipakita o nagawa
mo na ang mga pahayag, HINDI kung hindi
I can… / Kaya ko nang… pa naipakita o nagawa
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Statements on my experience, knowledge, skills and abilities / Circle YES if you have shown or can do the
Mga pahayag tungkol sa aking kaalaman, kasanayan at statement, NO if not /
kakayahan Bilugan ang OO kung naipakita o nagawa
mo na ang mga pahayag, HINDI kung hindi
I can… / Kaya ko nang… pa naipakita o nagawa
Look at your answers, were there boxes where you circled No? If there are, go back to the
activities in the module that will help you gain the skill identified in the statement. You can also
reach out to your facilitator/trainer to provide you with guidance on what activities you can do
in order to master the skill.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Objectives:
Apply the main concepts of Occupational Safety and Health learned in the module to
a workplace scenario
Correctly answer the questions pertaining to the concepts discussed in the module
As an expert in OSH standards and procedures, you have been called in to assist a fast-growing
company that manufactures and repairs automotive parts. They were recently fined by DOLE for
several violations, including not providing employees with the proper PPE, lack of safety signs in
hazardous areas, outdated equipment and not properly orienting employees on OSH practices or
the use of equipment. In addition, the work areas of the company were very disorganized, with
open cans of flammable liquids and no obvious signs of a fire extinguisher. Your main tasks are
to:
1. Help the company create an Occupational Safety and Health program. What are the main
elements? List them here and explain to the company employees what each one means.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
2. Guide the company in doing a risk assessment. What are the basic steps of a risk assessment?
3. List some of the safety issues and hazards based on the information you have been given.
Also name the category of hazard each one falls under.
4. Based on the safety issues and hazards identified, give some safety tips for handling these
hazards and preventing their occurrence in the future. If you are in a location that has some
of the materials on hand, demonstrate at least 3 of these safety tips.
Safety Tips:
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Hierarchy of Control:
Rubric for the Performance Task – Hazards at the Automotive Manufacturing Company!
Instructions: Use this rubric/worksheet in rating the performance of the trainee in answering
the questions.
Once done grading, provide your feedback to the trainee.
Name of the Learner/Trainee
Name of the Facilitator/Trainer
Rubric: Put a check on the column that shows your rating for the trainee’s performance based on
the statements.
Statement 1 2 3 4
The learner was able to… Beginning Developing Mostly Accomplished
Accomplished
1. Name the main elements of
an organizational/business
OSH Program
2. Identify the basic steps of a
risk assessment
3. Identify and describe the
types of hazards present
4. Provide safety tips for
different types of hazards
5. Demonstrate the use of
safety precautions (if
possible)
6. Describe the hierarchy of
control
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Comments/Suggestions /Feedback:
End-of-Module Assessment
Congratulations for finishing Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and
Procedures for National Certificate Level II! At the end of every module you will take a short
assessment to see how much you have learned. It will help you and your trainer identify the
knowledge and skills you know and what still needs reinforcing. The results will not affect your
ability to continue in the program.
Structure of the Assessment: It has a total of 10 questions. Some questions are multiple choice
and some questions are true or false. You should choose only ONE answer for each question.
Once you have finished answering the questions, note down any clarifications you want to ask
your trainer.
English Tagalog
1. Under the OSH Act, employers are 1. Sa ilalim ng OSH Act, ang mga may-ari ng
responsible for providing __________. kompanya ay responsible sa pagbibigay ng
a. A safe workplace _________.
b. Land a. ligtas na lugar ng trabaho
c. Insurance b. lupa
d. Estimation c. insurance
d. pag-eestima
2. OSH was created to __________. 2. Ginawa ang OSH upang _________.
a. Conduct data analysis a. magsagawa ng pagsusuri ng datos
b. Reduce hazards b. mabawasan ang mga sakuna
c. Create ecological development c. makagawa ng ekolohiyang pag-unlad
d. Conduct EIA analysis d. magsawa ng pagsusuri ng EIA
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
5. What is the best way of dealing with a 5. Ano ang pinakamainam na paraan sa
hazard to ensure others are not put at pagsisiguro na ang kapwa mo trabahador ay
risk? ligtas?
a. Remove it a. tanggalin ang hazard
b. Leave it for others to sort out b. iwan ang hazard para makita ng iba
c. Place a barrier tape around it c. lagyan ng tape sa paligid nito
d. Display a notice warning or a d. magkabit ng babala
warning sign
6. How can workers best contribute to a 6. Paano makatutulong ang mga empleyado
positive safety culture in the workplace? upagm magkaroon ng positibo at ligtas na
Select all that apply. kultura sa lugar ng trabaho? Piliin ang mga
a. Know how to complete work titik ng tamang sagot. Maaaring higit pa sa isa
quickly if things go wrong ang piliin.
b. Report any accidents that have a. Alamin kung paano matatapos nang
occurred. mabilis ang trabaho kung magsimulang
c. Report any unsafe conditions as masira ang mga makina sa trabaho
soon as possible b. I-report kaagad ang mga hindi ligtas na
d. Know the location of the first aid kondisyon.
kit and accident book c. I-report kaagad ang mga nakitang
posibleng panggalingan ng sakuna.
d. Alamin kung nasaan ang first-aid kit at
accident book.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
7. Which of the following is the legal 7. Alin sa mga sumusunod ang tungkulin ng
responsibility of the employer regarding may-ari ng kompanya patungkol sa
health and safety in the workplace? Select pagpapantiling malusog at ligtas ang lugar ng
all that apply. trabaho?
a. Charging employees for replacing a. Pagbayarin ang empleyado sa nasira o
damaged or lost PPE nawalang PPE.
b. Providing PPE to employees b. Magbigay ng PPE sa mga empleyado
c. Taking out additional insurances c. Bawasan ang mga benepisyo at insurance
for dangerous work sa mga empleyadong may mapanganib na
d. Training employees in safety trabaho.
procedures d. Bigyan ng pagsasanay ang mga empleyado
tungkol sa mga ligtas na pamamaraan.
8. The first two steps in a risk assessment are 8. Ang unang dalawang hakbang sa patatasa
a. Taking a risky action and assessing ng panganib ay:
what happens a. Pagsasagawa ng mapanganib na aksyon at
b. Identifying solutions and pagtukoy sa bunga nito
implementing them b. Pagtukoy ng mga solusyon at pagsasagawa
c. Identifying hazards and who they ng mga ito.
might harm c. Pagtukoy sa mga panganib at sino ang
d. Wearing PPE and using safety signs maaaring mapahamak.
d. Pagsusuot ng PPE at paggamit ng mga
simbolong pangkaligtasan
9. Employees do not need to receive training 9. Hindi kailangan ng pagsasanay ng mga
in the use of tools, machines or safety empleyado sa paggamit ng mga kagamitan at
processes because they will learn on the makina o ligtas na proseso dahil matututunan
job. naman ito sa trabaho.
a. True a. Tama
b. False b. Mali
10. Eliminating a hazard is more effective than 10. Ang pag-aalis sa panganib ay mas
wearing PPE epektibo kung ikukumpara sa pagsusuot ng
a. True PPE.
b. False a. Tama
b. Mali
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
Key to Correction
Activity 3: Let’s Exercise: Duties and Rights of Employers and Employees in OSH
1. Agree
2. Disagree. Workers must always wear the PPE required for the job.
3. Agree
4. Agree
5. Disagree. Employers are required to give employees safety training.
6. Disagree. Safety signs should always be used in the workplace to remind employees and
inform potential visitors of any potential hazard.
7. Agree
8. Agree
9. Agree
10. Disagree. Employers should provide a hazard-free work environment. Employees should
be educated on potential hazards.
Activity 4:
Ways to Reduce Risk of Falling on Stairs (sample answers):
1. Protective Equipment - The lowest level of control is to use PPE: in this case,
trainees/trainers should wear footwear that has solid soles, so they are less likely to slip
than if they were wearing sandals.
2. Administrative Controls diminish risk through rules and procedures: the school leadership
makes rules that trainees/trainers should hold handrails while using the stairs so they will
not fall as often.
3. Engineering control is the next level of control - when a solution is engineered to diminish
the problem: for example, the school could cut anti-slip grids into the concrete steps, so
they do not get too slippery, even when they are wet. The engineering control has
addressed the problem, but not the root cause of the issue.
4. Substitution - the next level of control is substitution, an alternative to avoid the risk is
found. In this case, trainees could use a different set of stairs when it is raining—one that
is always dry but may be further away.
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
5. Elimination - The final level of risk control is elimination of the hazard by removing the
cause of the risk: the school must rebuild the stairs with better roofing and tighter
windows so no water leaks in.
4. Safety Tips:
For possible answers, refer to Key Facts 7.4: Work Safety Tips for general safety tips; NC I
Review of Safety Tips for Hand and Power Tools and NC I Review of Safety Tips When Using
Equipment and Machinery in Activity 6; and Key Facts 7.8: Safe Practices and Procedures
when on the Job
5. Hierarchy of Control
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Module 7: Practicing Occupational Safety and Health Policies and Procedures (NC II) Learner’s Handbook
End-of-Module Assessment
1. A – safe workplace. Under the OSH Act, employers are accountable for providing a
safe and healthful workplace. OSHA’s mission is to assure safe and healthful
workplaces by enforcing standards, and by providing training, outreach, education
and help.
2. B – reduce hazards. OSH was created mainly to encourage employees and employers
to reduce workplace hazards and to implement safety and health programs.
3. C - DOLE
4. B – PPE. OSH ensures that employees are effectively trained on, have been provided
with and use personal protective equipment when required for safety or health.
Employees must comply with all rules and regulations that apply to their own actions
and conduct.
5. A - Remove it
6. B – Report accidents
C – Report any unsafe conditions as soon as possible
D – Know the location of the first-aid kit and accident book
7. B – Providing PPE to employees
D - Taking out additional insurances for dangerous work
8. B – Personal Protective Equipment
9. B - False
10. A – True
Congratulations! You have completed the module on Practicing Occupational Safety and
Health Policies and Procedures for National Certificate Level II! You are now ready to conquer
the next module.
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