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OBJECIVE QUESTIONS FOR MMD CLASS 4 EXAM

This sample book just give you the idea regarding the upcoming book that we
are about to launch during the next month

Q - In transistor why emitter is highly doped. (Asked in Feb & August 2014 in
MMD Mumbai & Kolkata)

1)Transmit more power

2) Reduce resistance
3) For charge flow
4) First terminal of transistor

Ans – 3 – For charge flow

Explanation by Marine Expert - Emitter is heavily doped to provide large no of

majority charge carriers & base and collector are lightly doped to accept these
charge charge carriers from emitter. If they are also heavily doped then the charges
will not flow towards the base or collector then the transistor becomes inactive

Important Note from Expert – Many people have the misconception about the
answer to this question is 2 that is Reduce resistance which is also right to some
extent because highly doped means more impurities and more impurities means
more conducting electrones which means less resistance but our intention of doping
is not to decrease the resistance at the barrier. The main purpose is to increase the
charge flow rate.

Q - Reason for reduced rated capacity of battery. (Asked in March 2014 & Feb
2015 in MMD Cochin & Kolkata)
1) Weak electrolyte
2) Short circuit in cell
3) Old age
4) Any of above

Ans – 4 –Any of Above

Explanation by Marine Expert – Short Circuit is internal phenomenon which effects

the rated capacity of the battery but in this question we are more concern about that
weak electrolyte affetcs the rated capacity of the battery.  Electrolytes allow ions to
move between the electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the
battery to perform work.

Importance of Electrolyte in the battery - Batteries convert chemical energy

directly to electrical energy. A battery consists of some number of voltaic cells. Each
cell consists of two half-cells connected in series by a conductive electrolyte
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containing anions and cations. One half-cell includes electrolyte and the negative
electrode, the electrode to which anions (negatively charged ions) migrate; the other
half-cell includes electrolyte and the positive electrode to which cations (positively
charged ions) migrate. Redox reactions power the battery. Cations are reduced
(electrons are added) at the cathode during charging, while anions are oxidized
(electrons are removed) at the anode during discharge. [11] The electrodes do not
touch each other, but are electrically connected by the electrolyte. Some cells use
different electrolytes for each half-cell. A separator allows ions to flow between half-
cells, but prevents mixing of the electrolytes.

Q – Why Flywheel of Ref. AC compressor is connected through the motor with the
belt and in case of MAC it is directly attached through the coupling no requirement of
belt.(Asked in Feb,May,August 2014 and Feb 2015 of MMD Mumbai)

Ans – Explanation by Marine Expert – To understand the logic behind this just
consider capacitor of the electrical circuit which perform the same function as just
like the flywheel of any engine means give the energy when it is required.

If liquid goes in compressor since it is incompressible it will be unable to

get compress so Ref comp are belt driven so that it slips during this event but if it is
directly attached to the motor so there may be the possibility that before the time it
stops all the internal parts will be cracked but at the same time in MAC there is a
option of drainage of water after each stage so that not even the single drop should
be carry away with air to the next stage of compression.

Q – During the time of Turbocharger running, what washing not to be done. (Asked
in August 2014 and Jan 2015 in Kochi & Mumbai)

1. Dry washing on blower side.

2. Wet washing on blower side.
3. Dry washing on turbine side.
4. Wet washing on turbine side

Ans – 2 & 3

Explanation by Marine Expert – This is the tricky question as we all know we

normally perform the blower side water washing and turbine side grit washing @min
65 % load on the engine. But there are some engine in which we perform dry
washing on blower side as recommended by manufacturer in the manual.

But at the same time we never ever perform the wet washing
on turbine side at the time when the engine is running because it badly effect the
performance of the turbocharger, when engine is operating than all carbon deposits
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which are attached to the blades will change to sticky nature and the performance of
the turbocharger starts going down and on the long you found the pitting marks on
the blade of turbocharger.

Q – Why we kept power factor 0.8. (Mostly Asked in all MMD Centres)

Ans – Explanation by Marine Expert - With reference to PF less then 0.8 means
reactive load ( inductive reactence is more).

If it is shore supply then electric distribution company will object because we pay for
low KW and burns more KVA.

That’s why we need capacitor as PF improver.

If generator then it is not economical,wastage of energy due to more inductive load

( means power loss in ac circuit is more.)

Note - Power factor is the ratio between the KW (Kilo-Watts) and the KVA (Kilo-Volt
Amperes) drawn by an electrical load where the KW is the actual load power and the
KVA is the apparent load power. It is a measure of how effectively the current is
being converted into useful work output and more particularly is a good indicator of
the effect of the load current on the efficiency of the supply system.
Power Factor = True Power/Apparent Power
NOTE-All current flow will causes losses in the supply and distribution system. A
load with a power factor of 1.0 results in the most efficient loading of the supply and
a load with a power factor of 0.5 will result in much higher losses in the supply
system.

Q – Which all certificates are issued under chapter 11 of Solas.(Asked in August

2014 in Kolkata MMD)

Ans -International ship Security Certificate(ISSC)

Ship Security Plan and associated Records

Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)

Q – If remote and local stop of M/E doesn't work, what else we can use. (Asked in
Oct 2014 & Jan 2015 in Mumbai & Kolkata MMD)
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Ans – Explanation by Marine Expert - Operate one of emeregency stop in control

system like lube oil low pressure shutdown or spring or control air or you can operate
puncture vlv if available(which operate the air piston inside the puncture valve
assembly to avoid any injection of fuel inside the unit) and in the last you can wrap
the cloth around turbo charger air filter.

Note by Marine Expert – this type of question is mostly asked in MMD objective
only the thing that you have to keep in mind is that to stop the main engine which is
your ultimate goal so always try to opt that option which fullfill your requirement in
case of emergency.

Q - A F.O. purifier bowl is not closing properly and leaking slightly. You have
completely overhauled the purifier, replaced the seal rings and everything seems
alright within the bowl, but still it is leaking. What could be the most probable cause?
(Asked in Dec 2014 & March 2015 in Mumbai & Kolkata MMD)

A. Fuel oil density is too high

B. Friction pads worn out and slipping on the friction pulley
C. Oil temperature too high
D. Incorrect size gravity disc

Ans – B

Explanation by Marine Expert – Some time MMD try to put the answer to the
question in such a way that all the answers seems to be the same and it is very hard
to understand which is most appropriate answer to choose at that time you have to
check which answer seems to be different from the other just in this case all the
option no . A,C & D causes the purifier to overflow but only option B has the
possibility that bowl is not closing properly and leaking slightly because if the friction
pads get worn out than required speed can't be attained in purifier which means in
other words proper centrifugal force is not attained ,if proper centrifugal is not
attained than bowl won't lift up and the closing of bowl happens due to PR. Of
closing water + centrifugal force.

Q - The gasket and the broken studs have been replaced on a tank manhole cover.
Which of the following methods is satisfactory for testing the repair. (Asked in
Nov,Dec 2014 & Jan 2015 in Kochi & Kolkata MMD)
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a) Pressurize the tank with 10 psig air, soap the repaired area, watch for visible signs
of leakage or bubbles

b) Fill the tank with water via the ballast pump until the reading corresponds to the
maximum depth of the tank

c) Hose test the repaired area with a minimum of 100 psig water pressure

d) Fill the tank via the ballast pump until water flows from the vent line opening on
deck

Ans – A

Q - By using which of the tank we can change the draft but not changing trim of the
ship

A) peak tank

B) DB tank

C) deep tank

D) top side tank

Ans – C – Remaining all other tank can change the trim of the Vessel.

Q - Which of the following will result in automatic stopping of IG blower (Asked in

Sept 2014 and Feb 2015 in MMD Kochi,Kolkata nad Chennai)
A) low water level in deck seal
B) Oxygen content above 8%
C) Scrubber tower low water level
D) scrubber tower high water level

Ans – D

Explanation by Marine Expert – In IG system there always the alarm for Opion A,B
& C because these all are not that much critical but Option D is very critical related to
the operation of IGG plant because if scrubber tower high water level alarm came it
means may be your ovb valve is not fully open because it contain two valves in the
ovb line one is hydraulic and one is normal butterfly valve and manufacture gives the
shutdown for this alarm because if water level keeps on increasing then sea water
goes all through the line and from there it will go to the tanks and contaminate the
cargo which may degrade the quality of the cargo which is one of the worst scenario.

Q - During cleaning of the sea water suction filter, it was found that at some places
the mesh size has increased either due to corrosion or due to mechanical Damage.
What action is required. (Asked in 2013 & 2015 MMD Mumbai)
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A. No action is required, it is quite normal for sea water filters to get

corroded and it will not effect the pump in anyway
B. Keep the pump which is having corroded filter on standby use while keep
using the other pump. Meanwhile order for the new filter
C. The pump can be run without filter for a short time, while the filter
is being repaired
D. Permanent repairs to the filters should be carried out before putting
it into service, or it should be replaced with good spare filter

Ans – D

Explanation by Marine Expert – Option A and C affect the Pump at long run
because you are trying to bypass the safety of the pump which is not acceptable if
you have only one sea water pump in stand by mode and Option B is also not right
because instead of rectifying the error you try to avoid it, so only one option is left
which is D.

Q – Why Relief v/v is provided in condenser of refeer system.(Asked in August

2014 MMD Kolkata)

Ans-Explanation by Marine Expert – If ur condenser not cooling properly there will

be chances of developing excess pressure because of this pressure your hp will
activated if hp will not work at that time this relief vlv comes in action and remove
excess pressure so it prevent us from serious damage as a secondary arrangement
after hp trip.

OR
Condenser tubes gets excess pressure when there is air in system or the
compresser has to do more work when sea water temp is high in certain areas which
leads to increase in pressure thus for ensuring safety since HP trip failure chances
are very common onboard.

Q - What will happen to the motor current if the discharge valve of a centrifugal pump
is completely shut off? The current will (Asked in MMD Kolkata in March 2014)

A. Not change 
B. Increase to a very high value
C. Increase slightly 
D. Decrease to no-load value

Ans – D
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Explanation by Marine Expert – As we know we can run the centrifugal pump with
the discharge valve shut and with closed discharge valve pump does not perform
any work . Impeller is just churning the liquid , no fluid transfer there, so no load
condition and hence the Option is D.

Q - Which of the following statements concerning antifriction bearings installed on

pumps is true. (Asked in May 2014 in MMD Goa)
1. The inner race should be free to turn on the shaft
2. The outer race should be free to turn its housing
3. Alignment is not a critical factor in their installation
4. They are usually pressed on to their shafts

Ans – 4

Explanation by Marine Expert – Answer to this question is Option 4 because

antifriction bearing means Roller bearing which is usually pressed on to their shafts.

Q - Lantern ring in centrifugal pump is located:

A. Around the impeller
B. Between gland packing
C. Around submerged bearing
D. Around the casing ring

Ans – B

Explanation by Marine Expert - It is not always possible to use a

standard centrifugal pumps stuffing box to seal the shaft of a centrifugal pump. The
pump suction may be under a vacuum so that outward leakage is impossible or the
fluid may be too hot to provide adequate cooling of the packing. These conditions
require a modification to the standard stuffing box.

One method of adequately cooling the packing under these conditions is to include a
lantern ring. A lantern ring is a perforated hollow ring located near the center of the
packing box that receives relatively cool, clean liquid from either the discharge of the
pump or from an external source and distributes the liquid uniformly around the shaft
to provide lubrication and cooling. The fluid entering the lantern ring can cool the
shaft and packing, lubricate the packing, or seal the joint between the shaft and
packing against leakage of air into the pump in the event the pump suction pressure
is less than that of the atmosphere.
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Q - BJT transistor used as an amplifier it operats in- (Asked in April 2014 in

Mumbai MMD)

A.Cut off
B.Wellsaturation
C.Well insaturation
D. Active region

Ans – D

Explanation by Marine Expert - In order to use the transistor as an amplifier, it

must be operated in the active mode. The BE junction is forward biased whereas the
CB junction is reverse biased. Figure below shows both n-p-n and p-n-p transistors
biased in the active mode of operation.
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Many people have the misconception about the Option A, but the BJT is fully off in
this state. In the cutoff mode both the base emitter as well as collector base junction
is reverse biased. The BJT is equivalent to an open switch in this mode .

Q - The discharge head of a centrifugal pump will vary directly with the (Asked in
Goa & Mumbai MMD in July 2014)
1. Change in impeller diameter
2. Square of the impeller diameter
3. Cube of the impeller diameter
4. Impeller efficiency for large changes in the size of the impeller

Ans – 2

Explanation by Marine Expert - The static head corresponding to any specific

pressure is dependent upon the weight of the liquid according to the following
formula:

A centrifugal pump imparts velocity to a liquid. This velocity energy is then

transformed largely into pressure energy as the liquid leaves the pump. Therefore,
the head developed is approximately equal to the velocity energy at the periphery of
the impeller. This relationship is expressed by the following well known formula:
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We can predict the approximate head of any centrifugal pump by calculating the
peripheral velocity of the impeller and substituting into the above formula. A handy
formula for peripheral velocity is:

Q - In a centrifugal pump sealing between gland packing and bearing housing is

provided by_____ (Asked in MMD Mumbai & Kolkata 2014)
1. Shaft seal
2. Water flinger
3. O-ring
4. Lantern ring

Ans – 2

Explanation by Marine Expert - A water flinger is fitted on the shaft outboard of the
stuffing box or mechanical seal to prevent leakage from the stuffing box following
along the shaft and entering the bearing housings. They must fit tightly on the shaft.
If the flingers are fitted on the shaft sleeves instead of on the shaft, ensure that no
water leaks under the sleeves.
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Q - For any pump maximum theoretical lift is

1. 10.3 feet
2. 10.2 meter
3. 10.5 meter
4. 12.0 meter
5. None

Ans – 1-

Explanation by Marine Expert- There's a practical limitation as to how far you can
lift a column of water: the vacuum you cause in the barrel by lifting the pump handle
certainly causes atmospheric pressure to force the water up the pipe - but only to the
point where the weight of that column of water equals the weight of the atmosphere
pushing down on the surface of the water source. It may be shown that the
maximum height that water can be lifted is about 34 ft/10.3m, at sea level. However,
various factors limit this in practice to about 25 ft/7.7m. So if the water source is
deeper than this, the simple set-up as described above can't cope. The answer is to
put the barrel deep down into the borehole, or even below the water level, and
perhaps add an outlet valve - so forming a so-called "lift & force pump". This allows
water to be brought up from much greater depths, but the deeper the barrel, the
more difficult it is to get at for maintenance. 

Q - A pressure drop in the liquid line of a refrigeration system may cause (Asked in
Jan & Sept 2014 in Mumbai & Kolkata MMD)

1. The solenoid valve to seize

2. The compressor to hunt
3. Flash gas to form in the liquid line
4. The expansion valve to freeze open

Ans – 3

Explanation by Marine Expert - In refrigeration, flash-gas is refrigerant in gas form

produced spontaneously when the condensed liquid is subjected to boiling.[1] The
presence of flash-gas in the liquid lines reduces the efficiency of the refrigeration
cycle.[2] It can also lead several expansion systems to work improperly, and
increase superheating at the evaporator.[3] This is normally perceived as an
unwanted condition caused by dissociation between the volume of the system, and
the pressures and temperatures that allow the refrigerant to be liquid. Flash-gas
must not be confused with lack of condensation, but special gear such as receivers,
internal heat exchangers, insulation, and refrigeration cycle optimizers may improve
condensation and avoid gas in the liquid lines.

Note – Below diagram illustrates the causes of generation of flash gas in liquid line
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A small illustration of some of the most usual causes of the production of flash-gas.

Heat absorption and pressure loss

The most common causes driving the fluid to change its phase where in the liquid
line are the excessive length of the pipeline, the small diameter of the pipelines, and
the lack of subcooling. These create low pressure loci that may induce the fluid to
begin changing its phase, especially if the pipeline is somehow exposed to heat
absorption. If subcooling is not generous enough, the refrigerant remains in
thermodynamic conditions close to saturation easing flash-gas appearance.
The heat may be absorbed not only from high temperature sources, but from diverse
energy sources such as friction it the pipeline. On the other hand, pressure in the
liquid line may also be upset by artifacts and conditions including vertically rising
pipes that reach too high; gear too small for the size of the piping; devices pumping
refrigerant through the line, and several other strangling obstructions. Eventually,
heat absorption and pressure losses in the liquid line modify the saturation
conditions of the refrigerant in such manner that the refrigerant may boil and produce
flash-gas.

Q - With Reference to the centrifugal pump characteristic curves, what will be the
effect when Pump is started a) with Suction valve shut b) with Discharge valve shut
(Asked in Oct 2014 in Chennai MMD)
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A. With Suction valve shut Both Head (H) & Flow rate (Q) will be Zero and with
Discharge Valve shut Flow rate (Q) will be Zero & Head (H) will be at Maximum
height
B. With Suction valve shut Head (H) will be Zero & Flow rate (Q) will be minimum
and with Discharge Valve shut Flow rate (Q) will be Zero & Head (H) will at Minimum
height.
C. With Suction valve shut Both Head (H) & Flow rate (Q) will be Zero and with
Discharge Valve shut Flow rate (Q) will be Minimum & Head (H) will be at Minimum
height
D. None of the above.
E. All of the above.

Ans - A

Explanation by Marine Expert – As shown in the graph it is clear that at the time of
starting the pump discharge head is at maximum.
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Q - In case of tankers, the speed of cargo pumps is reduced while stripping, why
(Asked in Feb 2015 in Kolkata MMD)

A. To avoid cavitation of the pump as the NPSHa may fall below NPSHr if speed is
not reduced 
B. To avoid cavitation of pump as the NPSHa may rise above NPSHr if speed is not
reduced 
C. To prevent the pump from over speeding if it loses suction
D. Decreasing the speed increases the discharge head of the pump which is
required to pump out the remaining cargo

Ans –A

Explanation by Marine Expert - In a hydraulic circuit, net positive suction

head (NPSH) may refer to one of two quantities in the analysis of cavitation:

1. The Available NPSH (NPSHA): a measure of how close the fluid at a given
point is to boiling, and so to cavitation.
2. The Required NPSH (NPSHR): the head value at a specific point (e.g. the inlet
of a pump) required to keep the fluid from cavitating.
NPSH is particularly relevant inside centrifugal pumps and turbines, which are parts
of a hydraulic system that are most vulnerable to cavitation. If cavitation occurs,
the drag coefficient of the impeller vanes will increase drastically - possibly stopping
flow altogether - and prolonged exposure will damage the impeller.

Q - Screw pump generally are ________pump (Asked in Jan, July & Dec 2014 in
Mumbai, Kolkata & Delhi MMD)

A. Slow speed 
B. High speed
C. Medium speed 
D. All of the above

Ans – A (but in some cases in is C also)

Explanation by Marine Expert - Speed of single-screw pump:

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Abrasiveness of medium Operating speed (rpm)

No (e.g. fresh water) 400-1000
Common (e.g. slurry) 200-400
Serious (e.g. lime slurry) 50-200
 
Medium viscosity (cst) Operating speed (rpm)
1-1000 400-1000
1000-10000 200-400
10000-100000 ＜200
100000-1000000 ＜100

Speed of twin-screw pump: The change of viscosity is a decisive factor for speed
selection of twin-screw pump; therefore, if medium viscosity is lower than 380mm2/s,
the speed of 1450r/min can be selected. If medium viscosity is higher than or equal
to 380mm2/s, the speed of 950r/min or even lower is recommended.
 
Speed of three-screw pump: Similar to twin-screw pump, the change of viscosity is
a decisive factor for speed selection of three-screw pump, therefore, if medium
viscosity is lower than or equal to 380mm2/s, the speed can be selected from
1450r/min or 2900r/min; if medium viscosity is higher than 380mm2/s, the speed of
950r/min is recommended.
 
For adaptable to the advantages of large flow and small size, the five-screw
pump normally runs at speed of 2900r/min.

Note – Screw rpm depends upon the type of viscous liquid it has to handle so you
cannot say that it is slow speed or medium speed it completely depends upon the
purpose or liquid that it has to handle, mostly onboard you see that sludge pump as
the screw pump because of the viscosity of the liquid it has to handle.
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