Practical Research 2 Second Quarter: Learning Activity Sheet

Santa Fe National High School Learning Activity Sheet in Practical Research
Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya 3705 Crafting the First Chapter

The Problem and Its Background
12
Practical Research 2
Second Quarter
Learning Activity Sheet

COPY RIGHT PAGE
Learning Activity Sheet

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Grade 12
Copyright @2021
SANTA FE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Villaflores, Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya
This material has been compiled and developed for the implementation of the K-12 Curriculum.
Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an enhancement of supplementary
work are permitted provided that all original works are acknowledge and copyright is attributed.
Prepared and Compiled by:
ARUEL F. DELIM JR.

Subject Teacher, Prac. Res. II
Checked and Verified by:
JANE D. ASUNCION
Department Head, Science Department
JOEL B. GUINSAYAN
Subject Group Head, Senior High
REYMA D. ANUMA
Assistant Principal for Academics-Designate, Junior HS
Noted:
MARITES M. VILLAMOR
Secondary School Principal I
“No Copyright Infringement intended Republic Act 8293 or the Philippine Copy Right Law”
Title Formulation
What is a Research Title?
1. The most important element that defines the research problem.

2. It is usually read first and the most read part of the research.
3. It contains the least words enough to describe the contents and the purpose of your
research paper.
4. It can be revised any and many times as the research develops and reach its final phase. It
becomes final on its final defense before the panel of judges.
 Elements of a Research Title

The research title does not need to be entertaining but informative. A part of a research title has
the following information:
1. The subject matter or topic to be investigated. (“What?”)
2. The place or locale where the research is to be conducted. (“Where?”)
3. The population like the respondents’ interviewees. (“Who”?)
4. The time period of the study during which the data are to be collected. (“When”?)
Example:
Subject matter: The teaching of English
Place or locale: in the high schools of Province A
Time period: during the school year 1989-1990
Population: as perceived by teachers and students
Subject matter: The effects of the use of cell phones on the academic performance
Population to senior high school students
Place or locale: at Department of Education
Time period: during the first semester, school year 2018-2019
Learning Competency: Writes a Research Title

Rules in Choosing a Research Topic
1. Interest in the subject matter. Interest in a subject drives you to research, investigate, or
inquire about it with full motivation, enthusiasm, and energy.
2. Availability of information. Information will serve as evidence to support your claims
about your subject matter from varied forms of literature like books, journals, and newspapers,
among others, is a part and parcel of any research work.
3. Timeliness and relevance of the topic.
How relevant is the topic?

a. It yields results that are useful in society
b. Related to the present. (Except for pure or historical research)
4. Limitations on the subject. Connect your choice with course requirements. You need to
decide on one topic to finish your course.
5. Personal resources. Do an assessment on your research abilities in terms of your financial
standing, health condition, mental capacity, needed facilities, and time schedule to enable you to
complete your research. You have to raise an amount of money needed to spend on questionnaire
printing and interview trips.
Research Topics to be avoided
1. Controversial topics.
It depends more on the writer’s opinion leading to biases. Facts cannot support this topic.
2. Highly technical subjects.
Not advisable for beginners as these topics require an advanced study, technical knowledge, and
skills.
3. Hard-to-investigate subjects.
Happens if there are no available reading materials about it and if such materials are not up-to-
date.
4. Too broad subjects.
It prevents you from to focus on the subject matter of the paper. Narrow down or limit the subject
to eliminate the problem.
5. Too narrow subjects.
Subjects that are so limited where an extensive searching is necessary.
6. Vague subjects.
Titles beginning with indefinite adjectives such as several, many, some, etc., as in “Some
Remarkable Traits of a Filipino” or “Several People’s Comments on the RH Law,” are vague
enough to decrease the readers’ interests and curiosity.
Sources of Research Topics

1. Mass media communication – press (newspapers, ads, TV, radio, films, etc.)
2. Books, Internet, peer-reviewed journals, government publications

3. Professional periodicals like College English Language Teaching Forum, English Forum,
the Economist, Academia, Business Circle, Law Review, etc.
4. General periodicals such as Readers’ Digest, Women’s Magazine, Panorama Magazine,
Time Magazine, World Mission Magazine, etc.
5. Previous reading assignments in your other subjects
6. Work experience – clues to a researchable topic from full-time or part-time jobs, OJT (on-
the-job training) experience, fieldwork, etc.
Activity 1: Question and Answer

Directions: Answer the questions in 3-5 sentences only. Write your answers on the space
provided.
1. What are the rules in choosing a research topic?
2. What are those topics to avoid in preventing you to have a clear focus on your research
paper?
3. Where can you find sources of research topics to create ideas of selecting a good subject
matter?
Narrowing Your Topic
Given the following broad topics for research, select one topic of your choice and narrow or
limit the topic to make it specific. Use the narrowing chart to fill in the topic.
Topics to choose:
(1) Covid 19 Pandemic (2) New Normal Education (3) Development of Online Learning
(4) Traditional Medication Practices (5) Cultural Beliefs and Treatment to Virus
Example: Topic Chocolate
Topic Chocolate
Sub-Topics History of chocolate, making of chocolate,

health aspects of chocolate, chocolate
addictions, brands of chocolate
What sub-topics are of most interest to Health aspects of chocolate.
you?
What new questions do you have about Are there health benefits to eating chocolate?
your topic? Can chocolate boost your mood? Is chocolate
addictive?
Develop a topic statement I will explore the health benefits of eating
chocolate, specifically focusing on how
chocolate affects moods and brain
chemistry.
Narrowing Chart
Topic
Sub-Topics
What sub-topics are of most interest to you?
What new questions do you have about your

topic?
Develop a topic statement

What I have learned?
Think of this statement: A good research is seen in the way its topic is outlined. When you
choose topics for your research, you have to think about the reasons why you identified those
topics.
How will you write a good research topic?
_
_
_
_
_
Thinking back, what subject matter is most interesting to you?

Propose a title out of the above research topics. Write your title on the spaces provided. (Save
the titles for the additional activity to be done.
An Overview of the Research Problem and Research Question
Chapter I of the research paper is called The Problem and Its Background (sometimes also
called The Introduction)
 It is composed of the following sections:

1) Background of the Study,
2) Statement of the Problem,
3) Scope and Delimitation, and
4) Significance of the Study.
Others have sections such as Objectives of the Study, Hypotheses but these will not be considered
in this lesson
What is a research problem?

The Research Problem (According to Calderon & Gonzales,1993)
A problem is “any significant, perplexing, and challenging situation, real or artificial, the solution of
which requires reflexive thinking”. In research, it is known as the research topic or research title.
An illustration showing the description between a research topic, research problem, purpose
statement and research question.
General Topic: Distance Learning

A research topic is the
broad subject matter of
the study
Research Problem:
A research problem is a Lack of learners knowledge about
general issue or concern distance in distance education.
about the research that
narrow the topic. Purpose Statement:
To study why learners do not attend

distance education classes in a
A purpose of the study community college
used to address the
problem.
A research question Research Questions:
narrows the purpose
into specific questions Does the use of website technology
that the researcher in the classroom deter learners from
would like to answer in enrolling in a distant education
the study class?
Specific
Learning Competency: Describes Background of Research
Background of the Study

 Purpose of background of the study
a. The general definition of the topic/problem area
b. Historical basis for the existence of the problem
c. Efforts made towards addressing similar challenges
d. How the efforts failed to be realized hence the need for your study
 Contents of the background of the study:

a. Presentation of the problem. Describe the existence of an unsatisfactory condition or a
problem that needs a solution.
b. Historical background of the problem - Give the historical background of the
problem, if applicable.
c. Geographical conditions of the study locale - If applicable, describe the
geographical location of the study.
d. Rationale of the study - Give the reason(s) why the study should be conducted.
Example:
In 2004, the researcher migrated to the Philippines to accompany her spouse who was at
the time studying at the Adventist Institute for International Advanced Studies (AIIAS)
in Silang, Cavite. They discovered the study opportunities and were motivated by the
quality of education and low school fees being offered. They visited several colleges and
universities to collect pamphlets and sent them back to Vanuatu for educational
awareness. The Ni-Vanuatus became aware and decided to send students to study in the
Philippines. The first two schools to receive Vanuatu students were AMA Computer
College in Dasmariñas, Cavite and Air Link Aviation College in Paranaque City. The
researcher came to know Cavite State University (CvSU) in 2009 and transferred from
AMA.
(Ngwele, March 2011)
 The Do’s and Don’ts of Writing a Research Background Study
Do‘s! Don’ts!
 Explain the importance of your o Write a background that is too
research topic long or short
 Talk about the main developments and o Be ambiguous in your writing,
missing links and gaps in your disorganized and discuss unrelated
research area subjects.
 Focus on the relevant aspects of your o Forget the reader may not be familiar with
study explaining how it will lead to the details of your work.
the progress of
scientific knowledge.
 Engage your findings in a o Elaborate on your background literature
chronological findings
 Articulate your ideas in a clear o Forget to provide a historical
and concise manner perspective
 Engage the readers by building a o Forget to check your target
story around the central journal’s instruction for

theme of your research presenting the study background
Statement of the Problem
(Purpose Statement and Research Questions) - A series of questions used in researching the topic.
composed of
1. The general statement of the problem (the purpose statement) and

2. The specific sub-problems or sub-questions (or research questions).
Guidelines in Writing the Statement of the Problem (According to Calderon &

Gonzales,1993)
1. The general statement of the problem and the research questions should be formulated
first before conducting the research.
2. Research questions should be stated in the interrogative and each should be clear to avoid
confusion.
3. Each research question should be researchable separately from the other questions and
must be based upon known facts and phenomena which is accessible to the researcher.
4. Answers to each research question can be interpreted apart from the answers to the other
specific questions and must contribute to the development of the whole research study.
5. The summary of the answers to all the specific questions will give a complete
development of the entire study.
6. The number of research questions should be enough to cover the development of the
whole research study.
Example:
This research aims to develop an evaluation model of a web-based tool used in test
administration for Grade 11 and 12 students. (Leanillo, 2016)
Specifically it aims to answer the following questions:
1. What are the commonly used web-based tools used in test administration?
2. How are these web-based test tools evaluated?
3. How could evaluation model be designed for web-based test administration?
Learning Competency: Indicate Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Scope of a Study - It is the coverage of the research to be explored which includes the facts and
theories about the subject
Example:
A research study on the impact of social networking on the attitude of senior high school
learners.
It is not possible to cover all aspects of the selected subject. The scope will have to be
restricted to a specific section of the target population over a specified duration.
In the above-cited study, a group of 40 learners in senior high school at one particular school
would be an ideal coverage to study their attitude for five months.
These would form the next parameter.
Delimitation of a Study
It limits the scope and outlines the boundaries of the study.
These limitations include the following:
1. Sample size.
a. The research design and method will determine whether if it is small or large
sample size.
b. The sample size will determine the quality of data and the relationships that will
be identified among the variables.
2. Lack of available and/or reliable data.
This will limit the scope of analysis and the ability of the researcher to determine
meaningful trends and relationships among the data.
3. Lack of prior studies.
This will limit the effectiveness of the literature review and initial understanding of
the research.
4. Chosen data collection method.
The quality of data collected must be clear to avoid erroneous answers from the
respondents.
5. Nature of the information collected.
Researcher should not rely on pre-existing data.
6. Access.
The amount and quality of available data will depend on the ability of the researcher
to access people, organizations, libraries, and documents.
7. Time period.
It is advisable to select a research problem and design
8. Bias.
The researcher should be aware of his or her personal biases .
9. Language.
This may have an effect on data collection, especially if the researcher is involved
with respondents that speak a variety of languages.
When writing the paper, the researcher should ensure that any delimitation factor is noted
down at the introduction, discussion, and conclusion sections. He or she should clarify why the
study included and excluded some delimitation.
Significance of the Study
The significance of the study discuss the purpose that the research will serve to society, the
country, the government, the institution or agency concerned, the curriculum planners and
developers, and the research community.
Describes the contribution of the study to the existing body of knowledge.
It could be the following:
a. A form of new knowledge in the field,
b. A validation of the major findings of other studies,
c. A verification of the validity of findings in a different population,
d. Analysis of trends over time, and validation of other findings using different
methodologies.
The researcher must identify specifically the beneficiaries who will directly gain from the
results of the study mentioning them in the paper according to the significance of the result. The
specific benefits must also be enumerated and explained if necessary.
Example:
The Effects of Computer-assisted Instruction in the Performance of Students in

Asian History and Civilization (Cuenca, 2008)
The findings of the study may provide deeper insights on how teaching can be made easier and
more meaningful by the use of computer-aided instruction. The study determined the significant effects
of slide presentation in instruction, a form of computer instruction on the performance of the students
in the subjects Asian History and Civilization.
To the students, the results may serve as an inspiration for them to continuously improve
their skills in using computers because they will realize the comfort that computer skills offer in
complying with the requirements of major subjects in the coming years.
To the administrators, the results may serve as a guide in the program-planning and
implementation of the IT department so that they can be of great help to the teachers of the university.
To the teachers, the results may serve as an eye opener for those who are not
comfortable on the use of computers in their class lesson presentations. The findings of this study may
encourage more of them to apply computer-aided instruction in teaching.
Learning Competency: States Research Questions

Presenting Written Statement of the Problem
The following sections compose the presentation of the written statement of the problem
1. Introduction
States briefly the background of the study and identifies the rationale of the research
problem.
It begins with a general statement of the problem, outlines the specific problem or issue
within the existing literature.
2. Statement of the Problem
States clearly the purposes or interest of the study, poses specific questions about
research problem.
3. Scope and Delimitation
Sets the boundaries and parameters of the study, narrows the scope of the inquiry.
4. Significance of the Study
Shows the benefits of the study to address issues and l problems, in improving
economic and health conditions or even finding solutions to problems encountered in
daily life.
What is it?
You just learned the concepts on research problems.
You were asked to save the titles you had proposed as your research topic. You will use
these on succeeding activities to create or write your research problem.
Topics to choose:
(1) Covid 19 Pandemic / (2) New Normal Education/ (3) Development of Online Learning/
(4) Traditional Medication Practices/ (5) Cultural Beliefs and Treatment to Virus
1. Among the titles you saved previously, which of those you think should be
addressed? Kindly elaborate further on this matter.
__ _
_
_
_
_
__ _
2. With the above research topics you saved, identify at least three research problems for
each and explain why you chose them.
Topic A:
Propose Research Title
Problem
1. _ _
2. _ _
3. _ _
Reasons:
Topic B:
Problem
1. _ _
2. _ _
3. _ _
Reasons:
Topic C:
Problem
1. _ _
2. _ _
3. _ _
Reasons:
From the three research topics choose one as your proposed research study which you will use on
the later part of this lesson.
What I have learned

From that chosen research study as your proposal, formulate the following:
A. Introduction of your study by filling out the space provided.
1. Proposed Study_
(Refer to the topics you have worked on the previous activity)
2. What is the rationale or the background study of your chosen problem? Please
write your answer using extra paper should you need more space.
3. Describe the setting of where your study is to be conducted.
4. Enumerate the terms or concepts that need to be defined or described to you and to
the reader.
5. Provide at least three related literatures as references for the concept of your study.
6. Determine the significance of your chosen problem.
7. What is the general objective of the study?
8. Who will be the beneficiaries? What will be their benefits to receive after the problem
is solved or the research is finish?
B. The statement of the problem part of your research study.
1. Title of your research:
2. Purpose statement:
The researcher seeks to
3. Central question:
4. Sub-question:
5. Other questions:
What I can do
From your proposed research study present your written Statement of the
Problem which comprises the following sections:
I. Background of the Study (Introduction)

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_
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_
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II. Statement of the Problem

_
_
_
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_
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_
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III. Scope and Delimitation of the Study

_
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_
_
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_
IV. Significance of the Study

References:
Abdullah, S.N. (2018) .Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu./ppt
Arcibal, N. C. (April 2013). Housewives’ exposure to Korean novelas on GMA 7 and their perception on
marriage. Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Indang, Cavite: Cavite State University
Bordo, P. E. C., E. D. Mercado, M. G. Gayeta, E. S. Magtoto, & L. F. Noroña (2010). The elements of writing
across disciplines. Malabon: Jimcyzville Publications.
Cabulong, J. (October 2016). Development of localized and contextualized teachers’ Guides with Strategic
Intervention Materials (SIM’s) in Grade 9. Unpublished masteral thesis proposal. Manila: Philippine Normal
University.
Calderon, J. F. & E. C. Gonzales (1993). Methods of research and thesis writing..Mandaluyong: National
Book Store, Inc.
Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer Application .Rev.ed.Rex
Book Store.Manila.
Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High School .Ist ed.C & E
Publishing Inc.Quezon City.
Guerrero, G. (October 2011). The teaching of Hebrew among children at Beth Yaakov Synagogue, Makati
City. Unpublished masteral thesis proposal. Manila: Philippine Normal University.
Leanillo, M. (October 2016). Evaluation model on the use of a web-based tool in test Administration for
Grade 11 and 12 students. Unpublished masteral thesis proposal. Manila: Philippine Normal University.
Miranda Plata, et al. Research: Process and product workbook. Biñan, Laguna: Trailblazer Publications.
Ngwee, H. (March 2011). Marketing the Philippines as an educational destination for Ni-Vanuatu
University students. Edited by G. T. Guerrero. Unpublished undergraduate research paper. Indang,
Cavite: Cavite State University.
Ragma, F. (2016). Research 1 & 2 (Qualitative and quantitative research). Minshapers Co., Inc. Manila:
Intramuros
Accessed in June 2020

https://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_saunders_doingresearch_1/209/53534/13
704779.cw/index.html /Copyright © 1995-2010, Pearson Education, Inc.
www.editage.com/insights/8-dos-and-8-donts-of-writing-an-engaging-study- backgrounD

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Santa Fe National High School Learning Activity Sheet in Practical Research

Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya 3705 Crafting the First Chapter

Learning Activity Sheet

COPY RIGHT PAGE

Learning Activity Sheet

SANTA FE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Prepared and Compiled by:

ARUEL F. DELIM JR.

Checked and Verified by:

1. The most important element that defines the research problem.

 Elements of a Research Title

Learning Competency: Writes a Research Title

How relevant is the topic?

Sources of Research Topics

2. Books, Internet, peer-reviewed journals, government publications

5. Previous reading assignments in your other subjects

Activity 1: Question and Answer

1. What are the rules in choosing a research topic?

Narrowing Your Topic

Example: Topic Chocolate

Sub-Topics History of chocolate, making of chocolate,

What sub-topics are of most interest to you?

What new questions do you have about your

Develop a topic statement

What I have learned?

Thinking back, what subject matter is most interesting to you?

An Overview of the Research Problem and Research Question

 It is composed of the following sections:

What is a research problem?

The Research Problem (According to Calderon & Gonzales,1993)

General Topic: Distance Learning

To study why learners do not attend

Learning Competency: Describes Background of Research

Background of the Study

 Contents of the background of the study:

story around the central journal’s instruction for

Statement of the Problem

1. The general statement of the problem (the purpose statement) and

Guidelines in Writing the Statement of the Problem (According to Calderon &

Specifically it aims to answer the following questions:

Learning Competency: Indicate Scope and Delimitation of the Study

These would form the next parameter.

It limits the scope and outlines the boundaries of the study.

These limitations include the following:

Significance of the Study

The Effects of Computer-assisted Instruction in the Performance of Students in

Learning Competency: States Research Questions

2. Statement of the Problem

3. Scope and Delimitation

4. Significance of the Study

Propose Research Title

What I have learned

A. Introduction of your study by filling out the space provided.

3. Describe the setting of where your study is to be conducted.

6. Determine the significance of your chosen problem.

7. What is the general objective of the study?

B. The statement of the problem part of your research study.

1. Title of your research:

I. Background of the Study (Introduction)

II. Statement of the Problem

III. Scope and Delimitation of the Study

IV. Significance of the Study

Accessed in June 2020