Plumbing and Sanitary Systems Module 2 Topic 2 Lecture

PLUMBING AND
SANITARY
SYSTEMS
PRESENTED BY: ENGR. JASINNE C.GARNA

Topic 2 –
NATURE OF WATER
OUR TOPIC:
2.1 WATER CYCLE/ PROPERTIES/ USES
2.2 SOURCES OF WATER
2.3 QUALITY OF WATER
2.4 WATER TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION

2.1 WATER CYCLE/
PROPERTIES/ USES
2.4 WATER TREATMENT AND

PURIFICATION
NATURE OF WATER
NASA | Earth's Water Cycle; Posted by: NASA
Goddard; Aug 3, 2012
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaDkph9yQBs
The Hydrological Cycle
The Water Cycle:
Major Phases
EVAPORATION
TRANSPIRATION
SUBLIMATION
CONDENSATION
TRANSPORTATION
PRECIPITATION
RUN-OFF
EVATRANSPORTATION
INFILTRATION
The Water Cycle:
INFLOW
OUTFLOW
STORAGE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER
The Properties of Water; Posted by: Odyssey Earth;
Mar 3, 2012
https://youtu.be/0eNSnj4ZfZ8
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OF • Surface Tension
WATER • Heat Absoptic
/Capacity
• Capillarity
• Dissolving Ability
USES OF WATER • NOURISHMENT
• CLEANSING AND
HYGIENE
• CEREMONIAL USES
• TRANSPORTATIONAL
USES
• COOLING MEDIUM
• ORNAMENTAL
ELEMENT
• PROTECTIVE USES
2.1 NATURE OF WATER
2.2 SOURCES OF
WATER

PURIFICATION
FOR DOMESTIC USE:
SOURCE COLLECTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Rain Collected from roofs Water is soft & pure Only a source during
Water of buildings and and is suitable for the wet season;
special water sheds the hot water supply
and stored in system Storage becomes a
cisterns or ponds; breeding place for
mosquitoes;
Cistern water for
drinking should be Roofs may not be
boiled, chlorinated clean
or otherwise
sterilized
FOR DOMESTIC USE:
Natural Surface Obtained from Easy to acquire; Contains large

Water ponds, lakes and amounts of bacteria,
rivers Usually in large organic, & inorganic
quantities; substances;
Purification &
Used for irrigation, treatment is
industrial purposes necessary
and, when treated,
for community
water supply
FOR DOMESTIC USE:
Obtained from Usually has an May have organic

Ground
underground by abundant supply; matter & chemical
Water
means of mechanical elements; treatment
& manual Requires less is suggested;
equipment; treatment because (character of ground
of natural filtering water, its hardness,
From springs and depends upon the
wells and is the
nature and condition
principal source of
of the soil and rock
water for domestic use
through which it
in most rural areas
passes or percolates)
2.1 NATURE OF WATER
2.3 QUALITY OF
WATER
PURIFICATION
Standard Values for Physical and Chemical
Quality: Aesthetic Quality
Taste Odor Color

Unobjectionable Unobjectionable 5 TCU
Turbidity Aluminum Chloride

5 NTU 0.2mg/L 250mg/L
Copper Hardness
1.3mg/L 300 (as CaCo3)
WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS & THEIR CORRECTION:
PROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS CORRECTION
Entrance of oxygen Corrosion of non- Raising alkaline

Acidity
and carbon dioxide ferrous pipes; content by the
introduction of a
Rusting & clogging neutralizer (sodium
of steel pipes silicate)
Presence of Clogging of pipes; Boiling;

Hardness
magnesium and
calcium salts Impaired laundry Use of an ion
and cooking exchanger (zeolite
process)
Silt or mud in surface Discoloration; Filtration

Turbidity
or in ground Bad taste
Presence of iron and Discoloration of Oxidizing filter

Color
manganese fixtures and laundry
Contamination by Disease Chlorination

Pollution
organic matter or
sewage
2.1 NATURE OF WATER

2.4 WATER
TREATMENT AND
PURIFICATION
TREATMENT & PURIFICATION:
CALCIUM, SULFUR SALT

MAGNESIUM
Produces hardness Bad taste & odor, highly Bad taste, highly corrosive
corrosive to plumbing, stains
clothing, etc.
IRON PATHOGENIC GERMS ACID
Unhealthy; may cause Highly corrosive, picks up lead, Bad taste & odor
poliomyelitis stains clothing
ALGAE
Bad taste & odor

BACTERIA CARBON DIOXIDE, SUSPENDED

HYDROGEN SULFIDE MATERIAL
Chemicals & Sand filtration Aeration Coagulation & Settling Process
IRON SULFUR PATHOGENIC GERMS
Iron Filters Chlorination Disinfection

ACID
Marble or Limestone Filtration

WATER PURIFICATION
How Do Water Treatment Plants Work?; Posted by:

Concerning Reality; Nov 21, 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_ZcCqqpS2o
AERATION
Spraying the water into the atmosphere through jets or passing it over rough
surfaces to remove entrained noxious gases such as carbon dioxide or
hydrogen sulfide
COAGULATION & PRECIPITATION
Addition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and lime, to the water which
cause the larger suspended particles to form a gelatinous mass which
precipitates readily. The precipitate is gathered in large dumps and disposed
of.
FILTRATION
Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order
to remove the finer suspended particles.
SEDIMENTATION
Water is passed through basins so sediments can settle through a period of

time.
CHLORINATION
Water is injected with hypo-chlorite or chlorine gas to kill the harmful bacteria.
PLUMBING AND
SANITARY
SYSTEMS
PRESENTED BY: ENGR. JASINNE C.GARNA

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PLUMBING AND

PRESENTED BY: ENGR. JASINNE C.GARNA

2.2 SOURCES OF WATER

2.3 QUALITY OF WATER

2.4 WATER TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION

2.2 SOURCES OF WATER

2.3 QUALITY OF WATER

2.4 WATER TREATMENT AND

2.4 WATER TREATMENT AND

SOURCE COLLECTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

SOURCE COLLECTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Natural Surface Obtained from Easy to acquire; Contains large

SOURCE COLLECTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Obtained from Usually has an May have organic

2.2 SOURCES OF WATER

Taste Odor Color

Turbidity Aluminum Chloride

PROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS CORRECTION

Entrance of oxygen Corrosion of non- Raising alkaline

PROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS CORRECTION

Presence of Clogging of pipes; Boiling;

PROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS CORRECTION

Silt or mud in surface Discoloration; Filtration

PROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS CORRECTION

Presence of iron and Discoloration of Oxidizing filter

PROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS CORRECTION

Contamination by Disease Chlorination

2.2 SOURCES OF WATER

2.3 QUALITY OF WATER

CALCIUM, SULFUR SALT

IRON PATHOGENIC GERMS ACID

Bad taste & odor

BACTERIA CARBON DIOXIDE, SUSPENDED

IRON SULFUR PATHOGENIC GERMS

Iron Filters Chlorination Disinfection

Marble or Limestone Filtration

How Do Water Treatment Plants Work?; Posted by:

Water is passed through basins so sediments can settle through a period of

PRESENTED BY: ENGR. JASINNE C.GARNA

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