TLE ICTTD 7 Q1 Module 1 W1
TLE ICTTD 7 Q1 Module 1 W1
Quarter 1
Prepare Hand Tools and Equipment
in Technical Drafting
TLE_ICTTD7/8UT-0a-1
LETY
SA PER
R PRO
FOENT
T M
O VERN
O
G
N
Technical Drafting – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1 : Prepare Hand Tools and Equipment
in Technical Drafting.
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval
of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may,
among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Management Team
Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
EPS-Division ADM Coordinator
Joel I. Vasallo, PhD
EPS - EPP/TLE/TVL
Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II
Joannarie C. Gracia
Librarian II
2
7
Technical and Livelihood Education
Quarter 1
Prepare Hand Tools and Equipment
in Technical Drafting
TLE_ICTTD7/8UT-0a-1
Introductory Message
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the standards
set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints
in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.
Welcome to the Grade 7 Project CAP-LRE Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Prepare Hand Tools and Equipment in Technical Drafting.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
1
This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
What’s In
lesson with the previous one.
2
What I Need to Know
This module presents different drafting tools that are frequently used in drafting. It is
organized to assist you to better understand each drafting tool’s characteristics and uses.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
• enumerate the different drafting tools;
• identify the different drafting tools based on their description and appearance; and
• classify the different drafting tools based on their specific function.
What I Know
Directions: Write the letter of your choice on the space provided before each number.
3
_______13. A tool that is used in drawing horizontal lines.
a. t-square b. meter stick c. bow instrument d. scriber
_______14. A type of paper used by draftsmen for reproduction of drawings.
a. bond paper b. manila paper c. oslo paper d. tracing paper
_______15. A measuring tool that reduces the size of a drawing while maintaining its
proportion.
a. reduction tool b. size-reduction c. reduction d. scale magnifier
template scale ruler
What’s In
Drafting requires several drawing tools to execute accurate and legible drawings which are
comprehensible or understandable to other draftsmen. This is for the purposes which serve as
when a drawing has to be reproduced, to manufacturers, when it is a blueprint of a product,
and to clients where services have to be rendered.
Drafting is mechanical drawing. This is where tools have to be used in order to draw lines,
curves, and shapes. Since drafting demands accuracy, freehand drawing is unacceptable in
drafting. This is why it is important to acquire tools which will help one to draw and measure.
Let us study the following statements. Which of the following is a job requirement of a
draftsman? Draw a check ( / ) if it is, and cross ( x) if otherwise.
No.1 is (/). A draftsman relies on actual measurement unobtainable through visual inspection.
The second statement is (/). What measurement he/she determines, he/she converts it into
lines that gradually become a drawing. No. 3 is (x), since a draftsman requires much more
than a pencil can offer. The fourth statement is (/) since drawings have to be comprehensible
and clean. The last statement is also (/) because a drawing has to be submitted to the next
draftsman or a client on time.
The following characteristics of a draftsman are only attainable through practice and
experience. However, tools serve as extension of a draftsman, and whatever mastery he
acquires, it is only possible with the assistance of his tools. No draftsman can finish a job with
his bare hands.
4
What’s New
Directions: Solve the maze and help the Confused Draftswoman collect the three (3) mystery
tools.
5
What is It
The next part of the lesson shows the appearance and the function of each
drafting tool
1.Drawing Pencil is made of wood that has a lead center made of graphite. When the pencil
turned dull, it has to be sharpened to maintain the uniformity of lines. The lines produced
by a pencil on paper can be easily erased.
Below is the Lead Grade or the variations of pencil leads based on their
hardness or softness. Pencil grade marking is engraved at the upper end
of the pencil.
Hard- The pencil lines are light so this grade is used when a drawing
demands accuracy
Medium- The pencil grade ranging from 3H to H is used for line works.
The softer F to B is for lettering and arrowheads.
6
What is the Drawing Pencil’s function?
Drawing Pencil is used when creating the primary sketch or draft of your
drawing. It is used to draw various line types that can be erased when
mistakes are made.
2. Mechanical Pencil serves the same purpose as ordinary drawing pencil. It is used in
drawing and sketching. The advantage of the former is it has lead refill, enabling it to be
reusable. Mechanical pencil has a spring mechanism, allowing it to control the length of the
lead, eliminating the need to be sharpened. Though more expensive, a mechanical pencil’s
convenience and usability has an advantage over drawing pencils.
3. Drawings made of pencil is still an unfinished work especially if it’s a working drawing.
Pencil lines are easily smudged or potentially erased. Therefore, a drawing has to be inked
to last. Technical Pen is a professional grade inking pen. It has a plastic casing that can be
disassembled when it has to be cleaned.
Popular brands such as Rotring and Staedtler are made in Germany. It is available in
varying thickness ranging from .10mm up to 1.00mm. Since the resulting lines are precise,
technical pens are the standard choice of most draftsmen. Technical pens can be refilled
with fresh ink and last as long as maintained properly. Due to its relatively high price, it cannot
be recommended for drafting students. A good brand of sign pen such as Unipin will suffice.
7
What is the Technical Pen’s function?
4. Eraser comes in varying level of hardness and is used to erase pencil and ink lines.
Its primary raw material is rubber. A poor quality eraser smudges pencil lines rather than
eliminating them and sometimes leaves dark marks and discoloration on paper so be
aware of its quality when purchasing. A Staedtler Mars Plastic is a good brand of eraser.
Fig. 6 Eraser
Eraser is used to erase pencil lines when mistakes are made or a revision
has to be done on a drawing. For precision, one may use an Erasing
Shield.
8
5. Erasing Shield is a thin, flat metal with different cutouts intended to protect the lines near
the area being erased.
Erasing Shield intends to protect the lines near the area being erased. The
different cutout shapes and sizes lets you choose which is appropriate
for your erasing needs.
Fig. 8 Erasing shield is pressed firmly on the paper by one hand, while the
other uses the eraser
6. Triangles are made of transparent plastic so that drawn lines can be seen through them.
Its edge is divided into millimeters or parts of an inch. They are available in two variants :
the 30 x 60 degrees and the 45 x 90 degrees. Rotring and Staedtler are good brands of
triangles.
9
What is the Triangles’ function?
Triangles are used to draw vertical and inclined lines usually in standard
angles such as 45, 30, or 60 degrees. Keep in mind that triangles should
be used together with a t-square as a base so the degrees of oblique and
vertical lines drawn will be accurate. They have bevelled edges to avoid
ink bleeding when used with a technical pen.
7. Ruler is a straight edge tool that is made of plastic or metal. The edge of the ruler has
millimeter and/or inch measurement.
Fig. 10 Ruler
8. T- square is a straight edge tool, usually made of plastic or a combination of wood and
plastic. Its edge is divided into millimeters or parts of an inch. Its blade is fastened to a head
that is placed on the side of a drafting table to maintain a level 180 degrees of the blade.
10
Fig. 12 The working edge of the blade should move up and down along the
side of the board, while the triangle slides back and forth along the blade
of the t-square.
When drawing horizontal lines, press the blade firmly so it won’t move
and draw lines with a sideward motion from left to right. See Fig. 13.
Figure 13. The proper method of using a T-square when drawing a horizontal line.
When drawing vertical lines, press the blade and the triangle firmly so
they wont move, and draw a line in an upward motion. See Figure 14.
11
Figure 14. A vertical line is drawn by using a t-square as a base for triangle .
9. Protractor is a curved measuring tool, resembling a half moon and is made of plastic so
drawn lines can be seen through it. A protractor however, is not intended to be used in
drawing straight or curved lines.
Fig. 15 Protractor
10. Reduction Scale Ruler or sometimes called the triangular scale, is made of plastic with
triangular base and somehow resembling a ruler, but its edges do not have millimeter or
inch markings. Instead, ratios or scales are imprinted or etched. It is available in several
metric scales or ratios such as 1:100, 1:50, 1:25, etc.
12
What is the Reduction Scale Ruler’s function?
11. Drawing Board is a rectangular piece of wood that has a flat, smooth surface wherein
the drawing paper is attached on it by tapes. The drawing board should be wide enough
to accomodate drawing or tracing papers with a dimension of 30 x 20 inches specially for
professional use. However, smaller drawing boards will suffice if one, like a student, intends
to use legal size bond paper for school work.
13
12. Drawing paper draftsmen work with wide drawing papers called tracing papers, a thin,
semi-transparent sheet, since working drawings are complex and include lots of details.
As large as 20 x 30 to 30 x 40 inches of tracing paper is utilized for this kind of drawing.
13. Compass is made of metal or plastic, or a combination of both. It has two legs fastened
together by a yoke. One leg has a needle in its end, while the other leg has a lead or
pencil holder. A plastic compass is cheaper, but one made of metal is more durable and
tends to last longer.
14
Fig.21. Turn the compass using your fingers, not your entire hand, while
applying minimal pressure on the needle.
14. Divider is similar to compass in its appearance, but it cannot be used to draw circles or
arcs. Both legs have needles that are used to “divide” or mark distances along a line or a
curve.
Fig. 22 Divider
Divider is operated the same way as a compass: adjust the legs and
pinch its handle using your fingers. Apply slight pressure on the needle
that touches the paper. See Figure 23.
Fig.23. A divider works the same way as a compass, and is controlled with your fingers.
15
15. Template is a flat, thin piece of plastic that has numerous cutouts for drawing of repetitive
patterns. Examples are Architectural and Circular templates. Architectural template has
cutouts of scaled plan of architectural furniture and fixture. Circular template has circular
cutouts in varying sizes, from 1 up to 36mm in diameter.
Fig. 24 Template
16. French Curve is a see-through plastic made up of succession of geometric curves such
as ellipse.
A French Curve is used when an irregular curve other than a circle has
to be drawn. It has a bevelled edge that can be used for inking.
16
What’s More
Independent Activity 1
Directions: Identify the following drafting tools. Match column A with Column B. Write the
letter of your answer on the space provided before each number.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
______ 1. Triangle A.
______ 2. Compass B.
______ 3. T-square C.
______ 4. Template D.
F.
17
Independent Assessment 1
Directions: Identify the drafting tool being described. Choose your answer from the list inside
the box. Write the corresponding letter of your answer on the space provided
before each number.
Independent Activity 2
Directions: Write the names of the drafting tool inside the box that corresponds to its
function.
18
Independent Assessment 2
Directions: Determine the drafting tool best suited to draw the following lines and shapes
(excluding pencil and technical pen). Note that some objects require two tools to
be drawn.
1. _____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
2. _____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
3. _____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
4. _____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
5. _____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Independent Activity 3
Directions:Write T if the statement is True or F if the statement is False. Write your answer
on the space provided before each number.
____________3. The head of the t-square should slide smoothly along the working edge of
the board.
____________5. A scale reduction ruler can also be used as a ruler to draw straight lines.
19
Independent Assessment 3
Directions : Fill in the missing word or words to complete the statement. Write your answer
on the space provided.
1. Erasers can be used together with a _______________________to protect the
area of a drawing near the part being erased.
3. To avoid crease, and to utilize other tools properly, a drawing paper should be
taped on a _________________________ .
20
What I Can Do
Directions : Drafting is used in the manufacturing industry. Before a prototype is built and
before a product is mass produced they all undergo a design process or drawing.
May it be cars, furniture, appliances, and electronic gadgets. School buildings,
churches, hospitals, and terminals also undertake the same procedure. Before they
were built, there is a planning and drawing involved. Now go outside and observe
your own house. Notice its parts, like walls, roof, doors, and windows. Assume that
you are a draftsman or even an architect, planning your house. Write down the
appropriate tool that you will utilize to draw your own home.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
21
Assessment
Directions : Write the letter of your answer on the provided space before each number.
22
Additional Activity
Directions:Create your own diagram by writing down different drafting tools based on the
following classifications.
Drafting Tools
Comments / Suggestions
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
23
24
Answer Key
What I know What’s More
Independent Activity 1 Independent Activity 3
1. B
2. A 1. E 1. T
3. A 2. B 2. T
4. A 3. A 3. T
5. C 4. D 4. F
6. C 5. C 5. F
7. D
Independent Activity 2 What I Have Learned
8. A
9. C (Random order) I realized that acquiring tools is essential
10. B 1. Mechanical pencil since a clever idea can only do so much.
11. C 2. Technical pen Tools and its proper usage is an important
12. A (Random order) aspect of being a draftsman. The skill and
13. A 3. T- square speed of a draftsman is achieved through
14. D 4. Ruler practice with the use of various drafting
15. C 5. Triangle tools.
And Protractor
Independent Assessment 1 What’s New What I Can Do
Shape of the Roof : Triangle/ Triangular
1.G
Drafting Tool/s to be used: Triangles, T-square
2.B
Why I chose this tool/tools: Triangles can be used to draw
3.D
oblique lines. The t-square is used as the base.
4.H
5.A
Shape of the Wall: Square/ Rectangle
Independent Assessment 2 Drafting Tool/s to be used: Triangles, T-square
Why I chose this tool/tools: Triangles can be used to draw
1.Template horizontal and vertical lines while using t-square as a base.
2.Compass
3.French Curve Shape of the Doors and Windows: Rectangle ( Rounded)
4.Triangle and T-square Drafting Tool/s to be used: Triangles, T-square ( French
5.T-square Curve or compass for rounded windows)
Why I chose this tool/tools Triangles can be used to draw
Independent Assessment 3
horizontal and vertical lines while using t-square as a base.
1.Erasing Shield
Additional Activity
2.T-square
3.Drawing Board
4.Lead / Lead refill
5.T-square
Assessment
1. A 13. A
2. B 14. A
3. B 15. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. B
11. C
12. B
References
Giesecke, Frederick E., Alva E. Mitchell, Henry C. Spencer, Ivan L. Hill, and John T. Dygdon,.
Eighth Edition Technical Drawing, McMillan Publishing Company, 1986.
Ching, Francis D.K. A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. John Willey and Sons, Inc., 1995.
MadeHow.com “How Products Are Made” last modified 2020. Accessed July 6, 2020,
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Eraser.html
Staedtler.com “Technical pens & drawing ink” n.d. Accessed July 6, 2020,
https://www.staedtler.com/intl/en/products/technical-drawing-instruments/technical-
pens-drawing-ink/
Staedtler.com “Mechanical pencils and lead holders” n.d. Accessed July 6, 2020,
https://www.staedtler.com/intl/en/products/pencils-and-accessories/mechanical-
pencils-and-lead-holders/
25
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: [email protected]
26