LABORATORY REPORT IV

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

Elements are any substance that contains only one kind of an atom, on the other hand
compound are substance that is made up of more than one type of atom bonded together. While
mixture is the combination of two or more elements/compounds which haven’t reacted to bond
together; each part in the mixture retains its own properties. All these three are classification of
matter.

OBJECTIVE:
 To differentiate elements from compounds, and pure substances from mixtures.
 To be able to separate a mixture into its components based on the difference in their
properties.
 To determine the percentage components and percentage recovery of a mixture.

MATERIALS:
 25 mL Graduated Cylinder
 100 mL Beaker
 Evaporating Dishes
 Bunsen Gas Burner
 Iron Ring
 Iron Stand
 Clamp
 Wire Gauze
 Match/Lighter
 Spatula
 Stirring Rod
 Thermometer
 Tong
 Weighing Balance
 Watch Glass
 Chemicals:
Magnesium Ribbon
Ammonium Chloride
Sodium Chloride
Sand
DATA

A. Formation of Compound from Elements

Magnesium Ribbon Observations

Before scrapping with spatula It is very neat and no scratches.

After scrapping with spatula It has now a scratch.

The magnesium ribbon yields to a very bright

During burning
light and intense fire/heat.

The magnesium ribbon produced a dazzling

After burning
white powder.

B. Pure Substance vs. Mixture

Matter Boiling Point

Distilled Water 1000C

Mixture of distilled water and salt 1020C

 C. Separation of Components from Mixture

Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl)

Mass
Mass of evaporating dish + original sample 58.1 g
Mass of evaporating dish 48.1 g
Mass of original sample 10 g
Mass of evaporating dish after subliming NH4Cl 57.7 g
Mass of NH4Cl 9.6 g

Salt (NaCl)

Mass
Mass of evaporating dish, watch glass + salt 123 g
Mass of evaporating dish 63.5 g
Mass of watch glass 58.9 g
Mass of salt 0.6 g

Sand

Mass
Mass of evaporating dish + sand 57.1 g
Mass of evaporating dish 48.1 g
Mass of sand 9g
CALCULATIONS:

Calculate the percent component of each substance in the mixture and percent recovery
using the formulas given below:

mass of component
% component x 100 =
mass of original sample

9.6 g
% component = x 100=96 % NH4Cl (Ammonium Chloride)
10 g

0.6 g
% component = x 100=6 % NaCl (Salt)
10 g

9.6 g
% component = x 100=96 % NH4Cl (Sand)
10 g

mass of matter recovered

% recovery = x 100
mass of original sample

(NH4Cl, NaCl, Sand)

9.6 g+0.6 g+9 g
% recovery = x 100=192 %
10 g

QUESTIONS
1. Describe the properties of the magnesium ribbon.
- The properties of magnesium ribbon are the following:
Silvery-white (Color)
Solid (appearance)
Light (weight)
Easy to heat/burn

2. Describe what takes place after burning the magnesium ribbon.

- After burning the magnesium ribbon, magnesium oxide takes place and forms a white
powder.

3. What conclusions can you make regarding the boiling point of pure substance and boiling
point of a mixture?
- Boiling point is, it is when the temperature at a certain liquid changes into a gas. Pure
substances have a specific boiling point, while mixture boiling point are over a range
temperature.

4. Discuss the different separation technique that was applied in the video.
- The technique that was applied are distillation which it is the purification of a liquid
by heating it to its boiling point, causing vaporization, and then condensing the
vapors into the liquid state and collecting the liquid. Separation of two or more
liquids requires that they have different boiling temperatures. All boiling
temperatures can be reduced by decreasing the pressure on the liquid. Second is
decanting, where it is the pouring of a liquid from a solid-liquid mixture, leaving the
solid behind, and lastly is sublimation, it is the physical property of some substances
to pass directly from the solid state to the gaseous state without the appearance of the
liquid state.
5. What separation technique is applied in this separation? (Refer to Part C/Part III)
- The separation technique that was applied in Part C is a Sublimation Method.
6. What substance is being extracted from the mixture? (Refer to Part C/Part III)
- The substance that was extracted from the mixture is salt.
7. Identify the property of each of the component present in the mixture which makes them
different from one another. (Refer to Part C/Part III)
- AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
- Mass is 9.6g and 96% component present in the mixture.
- Water soluble
- It’s melting and boiling points are 338°C and 520°C with a density of 1.5274g
- It is a white solid state
- Can be separated by sublimation method
- SALT
- Mass is 0.6g and 6% component present in the mixture
- Water soluble
 - Its melting point is 801° C with density of 2.16g mL
- It is a white crystalline solid.
- Can be separated through evaporation
- SAND
- Mass is 9.6g and 96% component present in the mixture
- Not soluble in water
- It’s melting and boiling points are 1550°C and 2230°C
- It is in solid state
- Can be separated through filtration
8. Does the experiment illustrate the principle of conservation of matter? Justify your
answer. (Refer to Part C/Part III)
- Yes, the experiment illustrate the principle of conservation of matter because there
was no matter destroyed in a chemical reaction which is the sum of the mass of the
reactants is equal to the mass of the products.

CONCLUSION

To summarize everything that we’ve learned from the video experiment and to provide
answer and conclusions. We’ve learned that to determine the difference of elements, compounds
and mixtures is one must consider its properties and the same method applies to a mixture and a
pure substance. Moreover, we’ve also learned that a pure substance consist only of one element
or one compound while a mixture consists of two or more different substances, not chemically
joined together. In addition, there are different techniques that we can use to separate a mixture
into its components these are distillation, decanting, and sublimation. Furthermore, we have
learned that the principle conservation on matter states that matter cannot be created nor
destroyed but can only be converted from one form to another. And we also learn how to
compute the percent component of each substance in the mixture and percent recovery using the
formulas that was given to us.