CBR English Business - Group Four-Dikonversi
CBR English Business - Group Four-Dikonversi
ARRANGED BY :
Praise and gratitude we pray to the presence of God Almighty for His grace, so that
the author can complete a critical book review of teaching planning on "Philosophy of
Education".
This critical book review has been compiled to the maximum and gets assistance from
various sources so as to facilitate Critical actions book reviews. For this reason, the author
expresses his gratitude to all sources of information that have helped the author in making
this Critical book review.
Apart from all that, the author is fully aware that there are still shortcomings both in
terms of sentence structure and grammar. Therefore, with open arms the author accepts all
suggestions and criticisms from readers so that I can improve this critical book review.
Finally, the author hopes that this critical book review can provide benefits to readers,
especially in choosing and reviewing books that are criticized by the author.
Author
Group Four
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD……………………….…………....………..................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………….………….…….........................................ii
BAB I PRELIMINARY…………….….............................………………………................1
1.1 Background……………………….………….……….......................................................1
4.1 Conclusion……………………………………..…...……...............................................18
4.2 Advice……………………………………………...…....................................................18
DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................................19
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BAB I
PRELIMINARY
1.1 Background
Critical book problems are the results of criticism or comparisons about a material topic
that is generally in lectures against different books. The writing of this critical book is basically
to review the Business English book by Thomas Mc Nemara. Each book made by a particular
author must have its own advantages and disadvantages. We can know the feasibility of a book
if we do a book review. A book with advantages that are more dominant than its disadvantages
means that this book is worthy to be used and used as a reference source for the general public.
Often we are confused about choosing reference books for us to read and understand.
Sometimes we choose one book, but it doesn't satisfy us. For example, in terms of language
analysis, the discussion about secretarial. Therefore, the author made this Critical Book Review
to make it easier for readers to choose books. references, especially on the subject of Business
English.
For this reason, textbooks are needed in the learning process, therefore, in order to create
efficiency in learning, textbooks are needed that are in accordance with the material being
taught. For this reason, it is necessary to develop textbooks in order to find out the limits of
the material contained in the textbooks.
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2. Helping students to think critically and reason in analyzing books
3. It is hoped that it can be useful both practically and theoretically, that is, it can
contribute ideas to science related to Business English.
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BAB II
BOOK CONTENT
In writing, punctuation is an aid that helps our readers to understand our messages.
The extract could be punctuated a number of ways. I will use one way to show how it
becomes easier to read:
Mr Jones, the company’s HR director, called Mrs Smith into his office for an update on the
latest recruitment drive. He wanted to know whether the online application system was
working. Reports had filtered through that all was not goingto plan. Mrs Smith explained that
candidates were certainly experiencing problems as the systems had crashed. In her opinion,
it would be better to extend the closing date. Would he be prepared to authorize this?
You see, punctuation and grammar are aids that help writing to be understood and
help us to communicate clearly. A good command of these can give you improved
confidence, and you can feel more in control of your business English writing. You will be
pleased about this and so will your readers. You will feel secure in the knowledge that your
sentences will work because you have designed them to work.
Punctuation and Other Marks English terms and symbols used to describe punctuation
marks are:
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• apostrophe: ’
• hyphen or dash: –
• slash or stroke: / Nouns and Gender in English
Nouns and pronouns in English belong to one of four genders: masculine, feminine,
common (words denoting either sex) or neuter. The Definite and Indefinite Article in Gender
English differs from many other languages in that:
• The word ‘the’ (referred to as the ‘definite article’) is a constant. It does not change
according to the gender of the word to which it relates.
• The words ‘a’ (referred to as the ‘indefinite article’) or the alternative form ‘an’ (used
to precede a word that begins with a vowel) are also constants. They do not change
according to the gender of the word to which they relate.
Parts of Speech and Other Grammar. Parts of Speech In English grammar, words can be
categorized into what we term parts of speech. These include nouns, pronouns, adjectives,
verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections. A noun names a person, place or
thing. For example:
➢ Girl, London, newspaper The man drank his coffee. A pronoun is a word that can take
the place of a noun and functions like it. For example:
➢ I, this, who, he, they. There’s Peter, who won the lottery
Some Other Grammatical Points of Interest. Commas can separate one group of words in
a sentence from another so that the meaning is clear. You will see how they flag up different
meanings in these two sentences:
In the first sentence, the writer is telling Sanjay that their vice-president (somebody
else) has left the company. In the second sentence, the writer is telling somebody (whose
name is unknown to us) that Sanjay (who is the vice-president) has left the company.
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As you will know, most nouns have a singular form (to denote one) and a plural (to denote
more than one). There are exceptions that I have highlighted earlier, such as training and
information. The standard way of forming plurals from singular nouns is to add ‘s’. However,
this does not always work, as in the case of ‘child, children’, ‘lady, ladies’, ‘foot, feet’, to
mention a few. So please do refer to a mainstream. English grammar book if you need more
help with this.
In written English, ‘a, e, i, o, u’ are the standard vowels. The remaining letters in the alphabet
are consonants.
The word ‘the’ is known as the definite article and exists in the same form in both singular
and plural. The words ‘a’ and ‘an’ are known as the indefinite article and only exist in the
singular. For the plural, English uses the word ‘some’.If as a non-native English writer you
are sometimes confused about when to use the definite or indefinite article, you are definitely
not alone. A general guideline that will help is this. When you are referring to something in
general, use ‘a’ before a word beginning with a consonant or ‘an’ before a word beginning
with a vowel. (Once again though, true to form, English has exceptions: some native English
speakers would say ‘an hotel’).
Paragraphs
Paragraphs help your reader understand the organization of your writing because each
paragraph is a group of sentences about a topic. Your key messages become easy to identify
and the format makes it easy for you to develop them. Paragraph headings are increasingly
used to signpost messages and highlight structure for readers’ ease.
Use these to break up text (especially if it is rather lengthy) so that your reader is not
overwhelmed – you will find they can be really useful. Can you see from the last sentence
that I used a dash (–) for a similar purpose? You can also use commas, as i am doing here, to
make a longish sentence more manageable. It also acts as a point of emphasis: the main
message is in the main part of the sentence, and the aside is within the commas or brackets.
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Verbs and Tenses
As I have mentioned, a verb is a ‘doing’ or ‘state of being’ word. It can consist of one
or more words. The infinitive of a verb is the base form, for example ‘to work’, ‘to give’, ‘to
do’. The present participle is formed by adding ‘-ing’ to the infinitive. The ‘to’ part is
dropped. This construction is then used with the verb ‘to be’ to form what are known as
continuous tenses. For example: ‘They are working.’
If the infinitive ends in ‘e’ (‘to give’, ‘to come’) the general rule is to drop the ‘e’
when adding the ‘-ing’. For example: ‘He is giving,’ ‘They are coming.’The past participle is
normally formed by adding ‘-ed’ to the infinitive. Again, the ‘to’ part is dropped. This
construction is used with the verb ‘to have’ to form perfect (completed past) tenses. For
example: ‘The train has departed,’ ‘The post has arrived.’
Irregular verbs form the perfect differently. That is why you may need to refer to
traditional grammar sources if you are not sure about these. Examples are: ‘It has grown’ (not
growed), ‘The time has flown by’ (not fly-ed).
Tenses
The simple tenses in English are the starting point for global business writing today. The
present tense has the same form as the infinitive (except the verb ‘to be’). When the subject is
‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ or a noun, English adds ‘-s’ or ‘-es’. To form the future tense, English adds
‘will’ (or ‘shall’ – though this is less frequently used now). To form the past tense, ‘-ed’ is
normally added to the infinitive. (Once more though, a word of caution: there are
manyirregular verbs where this does not work!).
When a subject in a sentence is in the singular, then the verb must be in the singular too.
When the subject is plural, then the verb is in the plural, in agreement with it.
Question Tags
These are used a lot in English conversation, and non-NE speakers can find them quite hard
to master. As they are now used in e-mail writing too, here are some tips. Speakers and
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writers use question tags to encourage their listeners or readers to respond. It helps check that
people agree or understand what you are saying or writing.
Comparison of Adjectives
In English, adjectives can have three degrees: positive, comparative and superlative. The
positive is just the usual form of the adjective; for example: a happy child, a large book, a
comfortable chair. The comparative is used in comparing one thing or group with another.
Comparison of Adverbs
Short adverbs are compared in the same way as adjectives: soon, sooner, soonest; fast,
faster, fastest. With adverbs of two syllables or longer, you usually form the comparative and
superlative by adding ‘more’ and ‘most’ to the positive degree of the word: carefully, more
carefully, most carefully; easily, more easily, most easily.
Let’s now take a look at transitional words and phrases which can play a useful part in
improving fluidity in writing. You may feel you have succeeded in your writing if you have
included all the points you need to make. You would be right, up to a point. But successful
outcomes can be verymuch based on whether we get the reactions and replies weneed from
our readers. If our writing is not fluid and wellthought through, readers may not be bothered
to make aneffort to find out more. This presents at least three further, highly undesirable,
outcomes:
• Readers may walk away and go elsewhere for answers(this can be either internally or
externally. If externally, it means lost business and lost goodwill; if internally, it
means loss of face and goodwill.
• They may not take the required action.
It is important to realize that there are a number of correct ways of writing dates in English.
The UK English format (which most of Europe uses) is:
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DD / MM / YY, where D = day, M = month, Y = year.
MM / DD / YY.
And both are in contrast with the format used in Japan, for example, which is:
YY / MM / DD.
This has been devised to make the way we write dates internationally understandable. It is
based on the following format:
YYYY – MM – DD.
In this format, YYYY refers to all the digits (eg 2015), MM refers to the month (01 to 12)
and DD refers to the day (01 to 31). When there is any doubt, it is really useful to write your
dates in English this way.
If you have to read a written date out loud, I would suggest you say, for example, ‘the
twenty-first of January, two thousand and nine’. But in normal office correspondence,
nobody would expect me to write ‘the 21st of January 2009’. The place you might see this
type of writing is in a legal document such as a contract.
In English, if you want to indicate the actual day of the week you can write either the full
word or its abbreviation. For example:
• Monday, Mon;
• Tuesday, Tues;
• Wednesday, Wed;
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The formal convention is always to use a capital letter for the first letter of each day of the
week. Do note that some writers punctuate the abbreviation with an end full stop or period.
Some Confusions.
If you write ‘next Tuesday’, people can get confused as to whether you are referring to the
first. Tuesday that follows after the day you wrote this – or whether you mean a Tuesday in
another week. So, as an example, if you write it on a Monday, is ‘next Tuesday’ the
following day (which I would take it to mean), or the Tuesday of the following week? If you
write it on a Friday, it is easier to see that it would have to be the Tuesday of the following
week. ‘This coming Tuesday’ has the same meaning as ‘next Tuesday’. So do be careful.
Time Off
In UK English, people usually refer to their ‘holidays’ where US English uses ‘vacation’.
Time off work for holidays is referred to as ‘leave’; time off through illness is ‘sick leave’;
parents’ time off from work when a baby is born is either ‘maternity leave’ (for the mother)
or ‘paternity leave’ (for the father). Time off work may be ‘paid leave’ or ‘unpaid leave’,
depending on circumstances.
A public holiday is an official holiday for the majority of a state or country. In the UK, the
term ‘Bank holiday’ is used when the public holiday falls on a weekday when banks are
closed by law.
Time
This is a topic that you absolutely must understand how to write correctly in English. Things
can go seriously wrong when different nationalities fail to understand that they may have
differing conventions for writing times. People fail to turn up to meetings at the right time,
they miss flights, deadlines . . . in short, if a matter is time bound it can go wrong. And what
in business is not linked to time? Here are some guidelines the help.
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Mishaps or missed meetings and other appointments all arise when we fail to realize that the
way different countries express time is not standard. For example, the USA does not
generally use the 24-hour clock (except specifically by some professions: for example, the
military, the police, the medical profession). Some countries (such as Germany and the
Netherlands) use a format to express half an hour before an hour. This is alien to native
English writing – where half past six, for example, should be expressed as ‘half seven’ to the
German or Dutch way of thinking.
Numbers
If you are writing numbers in English, also be aware that different nationalities may interpret
the numbers differently. Look how your order books could be affected – and your bottom
line. For example, the words ‘billion’ and ‘trillion’ can have completely different meanings in
the UK, Germany, France and the USA.
Measurements
Do you have to write measurements in English? If you are writing globally, do be aware that
different countries use different systems. Broadly speaking, these are called metric and
imperial. The US largely uses imperial and the UK and other countries may use a
combination. You will need to research if you are involved in orders that use either system.
I deal with addressing letters and envelopes in Chapter 10. An aspect I would like to mention
here is that UK English uses the expression postcodes (or postal codes) where US English
refers to zip codes for area codes within a city, county or country. These codes are not used in
all countries.
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Words or spellings that commonly confuse
Programme (UK) and program (US) Aprogramme isaplano fevents, aradioor television broad-
cast or coded software instructions for a computer or other
machine.ButwithintheUKyouwillfindmanywritersusing ‘program’ when referring to
computersoftware.Receive and receive Thecorrectversionis‘receive’. Ausefulrulein English
spelling is that after the letter ‘c’ the letter ‘e’ goes before‘i’.
Nominalization
Another continuing themein this seriesconcern samistaken belief held by many business
writers. They think they must embellish or over-complicate their writing. Even when they
speakarticulatelyandgettothepointeffectively,theyseemto
feelthattowritesimplyandclearlyisasignofweakness.
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Your checklist for action
• Be aware of the common confusions described in this chapter.
• Donotassumethatyourreaderknowsthecommonterms
orabbreviationsyouuse,sowriteinawaythateveryone willunderstand.
• Define the terms you will be using and check that your readers use the
sameones.Make sure you write plain English, using words precisely.
• Useactiveratherthanpassivewritingwhereappropriate.
BAB IX E-mail
E-mail is by far the predominant form of business writing today, indeed, inesti mable
billion sofe-mailsare sent world wide each day. Itisapparent that over use ofe-mailcreat esagre
atdeal of inefficiency in the work place. When it comes to writing e-mails in English for global
business, other factors need to be addressed as well. Non- native English writer soften write
over-concisely, tominimize therisk of making mistakes, though this can beat the cost of not
making complete sense. As e-mails are rapidly replacing letters, it is essential to
maintainstandardsinthese.Theyareequallyimportantand equally part of your corporate
communication.
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➢ withnoattentiontopunctuation,grammaroranyother qualitycontrol with no attention
tolayout.
✓ Make sure it does not include previous e-mail threads that may not be appropriate
to forward on to the new reader(s).
After sending
Check after the event (aday,twodays,aweek)thatyouhave achieved the outcome you want.
Check that the Englishyou have written has worked for yourneeds.
The way companies have to write business English for customers today varies greatly from
the way they would have written years ago. It is essential to realize how customers’
expectations have changed. First of all, identify the purpose of your letter and its possible
impact on your reader:
Second, identify the format. Do you use templates and a standard font? Has this been
assessed for readability? For example, Arial, Tahoma, Times New Roman and Verdana
(amongst others) can be more readable than some cursive fonts, especially for non-NE
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readers. How compatible is the font you use with other systems? Does the font size fall
within the routinely used 10–15-point range? Many consider that 12 point offers optimum
readability – though you still need to consider the needs of those with visual impairment and
other needs, and adapt your writing accordingly.
Third, identify how well your letters work. Try to get in the habit of asking yourself
questions such as these each time:
➢ Did I get no result when I had expected one? Why was that? Should I use English
differently next time I write?
This is where the writer does not know the name of the person
Anytown
AB3 4CD
UK
16 September 2009
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We understand that you are launching several rail projects over the
next 10 years and are looking for companies who can assist you.
Yours faithfully
Per Smidt
Director
Smidt Holdings
to our company.
Open punctuation
This simply means that you can have a comma after the opening salutation (‘Dear . . .’), or
you can omit it. And the same applies to your sign-off (‘Yours . . .’). But whichever option
you choose, you should ensure that your usage is consistent in both the salutation and the
sign-off.
Thank you very much for sending us details regarding your proposed stay. We are
pleased to confifirm the following
reservation:
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Arrival date: 14 August 2009
Number of rooms: 1
The room will be ready at 3.00 pm on the day of your arrival and remains at your
disposal until 12.00 noon on the day of your departure. It is our policy to charge a 90%
cancellation fee for no-show guests, but there is no charge where we receive your
cancellation in writing within 24 hours before the date of your arrival. We look forward to
welcoming you to our hotel and hope you .will have a very pleasant stay.
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BAB III
DISCUSSION
Book Advantages
➢ Book This book has many animations and pictures that make the reader interested to
read it
➢ This book also has a well-organized plot
➢ An interesting cover or cover so that it can attract reading interest
➢ This book is also accompanied by many examples and illustrations that make it easier
for readers to understand the contents of the book Advantages
Book Disadvantages
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BAB IV
CLOSING
4.1 Conclusion
4.2 Advice
We, as the compilers of this paper, realize that the preparation of this paper is still far from
perfect, therefore we as writers expect suggestions and criticisms that contain constructive
characteristics from the readers.
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REFERENCES
https://vulms.vu.edu.pk/Courses/ENG001/Downloads/how%20to%20wr
ite%20effective%20business%20english.pdf
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