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Engineering Drawing Module 3
Engineering Drawing Module 3
NTRODUCTION TO
eer in g
Eng in
r aw in g
D l Engineering
Mechanica
for BS
e n ta l
In str u m
es a n d
Fig ur
m etr i c
Ge o
c ti o n s
o n s tr u
C
INSTRUMENTAL FIGURES
& GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTIONS
Objectives:
At the end of this chapter students should be able to:
♦♦ Define geometric nomenclatures like angles, lines etc
Discuss the steps to construct different instrumental/geometric figures like lines, arcs,
polygon, ellipse etc
GEOMETRIC NOMENICLATURE
A. POINTS IN SPACE
A point is an exact location in space or on a drawing surface. A point is actually represented
on the drawing by a crisscross at its exact location.
B. LINE
Lines are straight elements that have no width, but are infinite in length (magnitude), and
they can be located by two points which are not on the same spot but fall along the line.
C. ANGLE
An angle is formed by the intersection of two lines. There are three major kinds of angles:
right angels, acute angles and obtuse angles. The right angle is an angle of 900, an acute
angle is an angle less than 900, and an obtuse angle is an angle more than 900. A straight line
is 1800. The symbol for an angle is < (singular) and <’s (Plural). To draw an angle, use the
drafting machine, a triangle, or a protractor.
E. QUADRIALTERAL
It is a plane figure bounded by four straight sides. When opposite sides are parallel, the
quadrilateral is also considered to be a parallelogram.
G. CIRCLE
A circle is a closed curve with all points on the circle at the same distance from the center point.
The major components of a circle are the diameter, the radius and circumference.
♦center The diameter of the circle is the straight distance from one outside curved surface through the
♦radius point to the opposite outside curved surface.
The radius of a circle is the distance from the center point to the outside curved surface. The
♦♦ AA central
is half the diameter, and is used to set the compass when drawing a diameter.
angle: is an angle formed by two radial lines from the center of the circle.
♦oriented
sector: is the area of a circle lying between two radial lines and the circumference.
A quadrant: is a sector with a central angle of 900 and usually with one of the radial lines
♦♦ AA chord:
horizontally.
is any straight line whose opposite ends terminate on the circumference of the circle.
♦♦ Concentric
segment: is the smaller portion of a circle separated by a chord.
circles are two or more circles with a common center point.
Eccentric circles are two or more circles with out a common center point.
G
ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 5
A. How to Bisect a Line or an Arc
To bisect a line means to divide it in half or to find its center point. In the given process, a line
will also be constructed at the exact center point at exactly 90 degree.
I
ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 6
DIVIDING A LINE INTO 7 EQUAL PARTS USING DIVIDER
C. How to Bisect an Angle
To bisect an angle means to divide it in half or to cut it in to two equal angles.
Method-2
N
ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 8
F. How to Draw A Pentagon (5 Sides)
Given: The locations of the pentagon center and the diameter that will circumscribe the pentagon.
Step 1: Bisect radius OD at C.
Step 2: With C as center, and CA as radius, strike arc AE. With A as center, and AE as radius,
strike arc EB.
Step 3: Draw line AB, then set off distances AB around the circumference of the circle, and draw
the sides through these points.
H
ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 9
I. To Draw Tangents to Two Circles
Move the T-square and triangles as a unit until one side of the triangle is tangent, by inspection,
to the two circles; then slide the triangle until the other side passes through the center of one
circle, and lightly mark the point of tangency. Then slide the triangle until the side passes
through the center of the other circle, and mark the point of tangency. Finally slide the triangle
back to the tangent position, and draw the tangent lines between the two points of tangency.
Draw the second tangent line in similar manner.
O
ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 10
N
ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 11
INSTRUCTION FOR
OUTPUTS 2 & 3
0.5 inches
0.5 inches
0.3 inch
1 inch
0.5 inches
13 inches
BICOL UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
INSTRUMENTAL
FIGURES
MARY JOY R. MANDANE
BSME 1A SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 2
NOTE: Use Technical pen 0.3 for the title block, make sure to follow the format and all must be in CAPITAL LETTERS.
You need to estimate the spacing and erase all the guidelines. Lastly, the height of the lettering must be the same.
It depends on you for the sizes of the shapes Use 30mm for the labelling
NOTE: For your engineering drawing outputs, always use technical pen 0.5; use ruler for estimating
the spaces; erase all the guidelines after using technical pens, follow the format and use the drawing
equipment properly and effectively.
NOTE: For the geometric constructions Output 3, you can decide on what geometric construction art
you can do. You can check the images on the next page for YOUR reference. Show your creativity by
using coloring materials such as color pens, glittered pens or any other coloring materials.
But, I need to see on how will you apply the learning for this topic. Therefore, make sure to use and
apply the geometric constructions lessons.
GEOMETRIC
CONSTRUCTIONS 3
If you get the correct answer, that is your last clue for your project!
Proceed to the next module to know your first project!