555 Timer Tutorial and Circuits
555 Timer Tutorial and Circuits
IC 555 adalah komponen yang terdiri dari bagian comparatopr dan bagian flip flop,
sehingga banyak digunakan untuk rangkaian Flip Flop, timer (pewaktu), rangkaian
pengontrol motor , alarm, alat music dan lain sebagainya.
IC 555 menggunakan suplay tegangan DC antara 5 volt sampai 15 Volt, sehingga dapat
menggunakan baterai sebagai sumber dayanya.
IC 555 memiliki 8 pin kaki dengan bentuk persegi empat. Kaki kaki tersebut terhububg
dalam chip IC yang memiliki struktur dalam berupa rangkaian komparator dan flip flop.
Berikut ini penjelasan tentang Pin IC 555
Pin 2 Trigger
Pin 2 merupakan trigger, jika pin ini diberi tegangan kurang dari sepertiga tegangan
Vcc maka kondisi output akan tinggi.
Pin 3 Output
The output voltage from the chip is around 1.5 V lower than VCC when high and around
0 V when low. A 555 timer can give out only 100 to 200 mA in total. Check your chip’s
datasheet for the exact value.
Pin 4 Reset
This pin resets the whole circuit. It’s an “inverted” pin, which means it resets when the
pin goes low. This means the pin must be high normally so that the chip isn’t in a “reset”
state.
Note: I’ve heard from people not able to get their circuit working without this capacitor.
So you can try adding a capacitor between this pin and ground if your circuit is not
working.
Pin 6 Threshold
This pin sets the output back to low when the voltage goes high (above two-thirds of
VCC).
Pin 7 Discharge
This pin is unconnected when output is high, and it’s connected to ground when output
is low.
To learn more about the circuit on the inside, check out the article How Does a 555
Timer Work?
Astable Mode
When the 555 Timer is in astable mode it means that the output will never be stable.
The output will keep switching between HIGH and LOW forever. That means it works as
an oscillator.
You can use this to blink a light, create sound, control motors, and much more!
Our first example is how to blink an LED with the 555 Timer. This is like the “hello world”
equivalent of this IC.
Component List
This circuit is simple enough to build on a breadboard. To build it, you need the
following components:
9V Battery
555 Timer IC
R1-R3: Resistor, 1 kΩ
LED1: Red 5mm LED or similar
C1: Capacitor, 1000 µF
C2: Capacitor, 10 nF (it usually works without this)
You don’t need exact values for the resistors and capacitors. But if you use the values
listed above, your LED should blink about once every other second. Use the 555 Timer
calculator to find the blinking frequency for other values.
Monostable Mode
Monostable means the output is stable in one state, and it will always come back to this
state. You can push it out of that state, but it will always return back to its stable state
after a certain time.
The output from the 555 Timer in monostable mode is normally LOW. When you trigger
the circuit, the output goes HIGH for a certain amount of time before it goes back to
LOW again.
The time it stays HIGH is decided by the size of a resistor and a capacitor. The higher
the values, the longer it stays HIGH.
If you connect a buzzer to the output, you can create an alarm circuit that is triggered for
example by a window being opened.
The following circuit turns on an LED when you push the button. After about 10
seconds, the LED turns off.
Component List
9V Battery
555 Timer IC
R1: Resistor, 100 kΩ
R2: Resistor, 5kΩ to 1 MΩ (this is a pull-up resistor)
R3: Resistor, 1 kΩ
LED1: Red 5mm LED or similar
C1: Capacitor, 100 µF
C2: Capacitor, 10 nF
S1: Pushbutton, normally open
For longer delays, increase C1 and/or R1. If you want an adjustable delay, replace R1
with a potentiometer. Use the 555 Timer calculator to find the values you need.
The output is connected to control an LED, but could easily be modified to control a
motor, a lamp, a coffee maker, or anything else. Just replace R3 and the LED with
a transistor. See how in the section Driving Higher Loads below.
This mode isn’t a timer function at all, and it’s not a common way to use the 555 Timer.
In this mode, the 555 Timer works as a flip-flop.
You can for example use it to reverse the direction of a robot when it bumps into a wall.
Or separate the ON and OFF switch for a machine.
The following example shows the 555 Timer in bistable mode. Here you have separate
ON and OFF buttons to control an LED.
Component List
9V Battery
555 Timer IC
S1, S2: Pushbutton, normally open
R1, R2: Resistor, 5kΩ to 1 MΩ (these are pullup resistors)
Resistor (R3): 1 kΩ
LED: Red 5mm LED or similar
Capacitor (C1): 10 nF
The output is connected to control an LED, but could easily be modified to control a
motor, a lamp, or anything else by connecting a transistor. See section Driving Higher
Loads below for examples.
Sourcing is when the output is HIGH and you’ve connected something from the output
down to ground:
In the above circuit, the LED turns on when the output is HIGH.
Sinking is when the output is LOW and you’ve connected something from V CC to the
output:
In the above circuit, the LED turns on when the output is LOW.
If you use both sourcing and sinking in your circuit, you can make a cool emergency
vehicle light effect by connecting two LEDs; a blue one that is sourcing current and a
red one that is sinking current.
Or how about connecting two buzzers with different frequencies to create a siren?
9V Battery
555 Timer IC
R1-R2: Resistor, 1 kΩ
R3: Resistor, 470 Ω
R4: Resistor, 330 Ω
LED1: Red LED
LED2: Blue LED
C1: Capacitor, 1000 µF
C2: Capacitor, 10 nF (it usually works without this)
R1, R2, and C1 controls the blinking speed. R3 and R4 sets the brightness of the LEDs.
If you want to use an NPN transistor, you’ll need to connect a resistor between the
output and the base to limit the base current. 1 kΩ will probably work fine as a starting
point.
Driving higher loads from
a 555 Timer with an NPN transistor
If you want to use a MOSFET on the output, make sure you use a MOSFET with a
VGS that is lower than the output voltage from your 555 timer.
The resistor is there to protect the output pin from high spikes of current when the
MOSFET is being turned on. But given that the 555 Timer supports 200 mA, it will most
likely work without it in most cases.
Driving higher
loads from a 555 Timer with an MOSFET transistor