EARTH and LIFE

SCIENCE
Quarter 1 - Week 7

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Name:________________________________________ Grade Level:__________
Section:______________________________________ Date: ________________

LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE

After going through this activity sheet, you are expected to:
 Using hazard maps, identify areas prone to hazards brought about by
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides (S11/12ES-If-31)
 Identify human activities that speed up or trigger (S11/12ES-If-33)

LESSON 1
Geological Processes and Hazards
The Philippines is an archipelago that is made up of 7641 islands and home to
world-renown natural wonders and pristine water bodies. The country is in a unique
location because it rests in the Pacific Typhoon Belt and Pacific’s earthquake and
volcano Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire is a home to over 75% of the world’s active and
dormant volcanoes. Because of its geographic location, the Philippines is among the
greatest hazard and disaster-prone countries in the world.

The Philippines is no stranger to natural hazards. Every year, thousands to

millions of Filipinos are extremely affected by all forms of hazards such as earthquakes,
typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. These natural hazards may result in multiple
disasters.

Geologic Process
Geological processes can be described as natural forces that shape the physical
makeup of a planet. These forces cause movements of plates in the Earth’s crust, the
area where humankind lives. As this processes occur from time to time, it poses
continuous source of hazards to people, community and society.

Hazards
A hazard is a phenomenon caused by natural or human forces which poses threat to
humans, animals, properties and environment. For instance, since the Philippines is
located within the Ring of Fire, the country experiences many earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions compared to other countries. Making the country one of the most hazard-
prone countries in the world.

Hazards can be classified as to natural and anthropogenic.

Natural: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides and tsunamis (climate and
weather related hazards)
Anthropogenic: Deforestation, mining and climate change (man-made)

Hazard Map
It is a map that illustrates the areas that are exposed or prone to a particular
hazard. They are used for natural hazards such as landslides, flooding, volcanic
eruption and tsunami. It is also used to mitigate the potential negative effects of these
hazards

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Activity 1: Cause and Effect
Directions: Supply the blank boxes with the causes and effects from the given geologic
hazards.
Geologic Hazard Causes Effect

Volcanic Eruption

Landslides

Earthquakes

Activity 2: Point me
Directions: Since disasters are all over the news, what are the places do you think that
have been affected by geologic hazards for the past decade. Use the Philippine map on
the right side. Write your answers in the box below.

Every year, dozens of natural disasters strike our country. Some are just passing by
and some even make history because of massive destruction.

EARTHQUAKES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS LANDSLIDES

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

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 Now, you have learned that geologic location is the major reason why the
Philippines is a hazard-prone country. The Philippine government partnered other
private institutions to reduce the risk of hazards through producing hazard maps that
are publicly available. For example, the partnership of news networks with the
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). This partnership shares

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valuable and scientific information which increases the public’s understanding on
geologic hazards and risks associated with it. Another is Manila Observatory, a private
non-stock and non-profit research institution with the help of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR. This partnership produced hazard maps
that show vulnerability of the country to environmental disasters.

Geophysical map

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 Surigao Del Sur and Davao Oriental are at risk to hazard due to Philippine Trench and nearby active faults,
while La Union and Pangasinan are due Manila Trench. Moreover, Benguet, La Union, Nueva Vizcaya, Eastern
Pangasinan and Nueva Ecija is due its location along the Philippine fault Zone. (Center for Environmental
Geomatics- Manila Observatory, 2005)
Over the past decades, the PHILVOCS has recorded twelve destructive earthquakes in the Philippines that
caused unimaginable effects, such as loss of properties, injuries, and thousands of deaths.
First on the rank with the highest risk is

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 Camiguin because the land area was so small. If volcanic eruption may occur, the whole province
can be affected. Sulu ranks second because it has the greatest number of active and dangerous volcanoes.
(Center for Environmental Geomatics- Manila Observatory, 2005)

Most of the provinces in the Cordillera Administrative Region are included in the list of top 10 landslide-
prone areas in the Philippines. Because the entire region is situated in and around Cordillera Mountain ranges. So,
after massive and continuous rain or earthquakes, certain areas on the hills and mountains become delicate and weak
which makes the region exposed to landslides as well as to other provinces that is why their area is classified as
rugged and mountainous with prominent flat lands.

Activity 3: Identify me
Directions. Using the hazard map found on the previous pages, answer the following
questions.
1. Identify the top 3 places in the Philippines that are hazard-prone to volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides. Justify your answers why they are
most prone.

2. What is the importance of using a hazard map?

LESSON 2
Geological Processes and Hazards

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 Landslide is the movement of rock down a slope where human activities play an
important role in speeding up or triggering its occurrences. This module will help
determine and cite some human activities that may speed up or trigger landslides.

Activity 1: Loop Me in
What are the human activities that speed up or trigger landslides? Can you name
some?
Directions. Encircle the word or group of words that speed up or trigger landslides

Landslide is an occurrence in which soil, rocks and vegetal debris are

transported suddenly or slowly down a slope due to insufficient stability. It may happen
when there is continuous rainfall, earthquakes and/or volcanic eruption accompanied
by a very loud noise

Landslide can be resulted from the failure of the materials to make up the hill
slope, and get driven by the force of gravity. Landslide is also known as landslips,
slumps or slope failure.

Below is an image of landslide due to human activities:

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 Figure 1. An illustration of landslide occurrence

Listed below are some of the human activities that speed up or trigger landslide:
a. Overloading slopes
b. Mining which uses explosives underground
c. Excavation or displacement of rocks.
d. Land use such as modification of slopes by construction of roads, railways,
buildings, houses, etc.
e. Quarrying which includes excavation or pit, open to the air, from which
building stone, slate, or the like is obtained by cutting, blasting, etc.
f. Land pollution which is the degradation of earth’s land surface, exploitation of
minerals and improper use of soil by inadequate agricultural practices.
g. Excavation which pertains to exposure, processing, and recording of
archaeological remains
h. Cutting Trees that can lead to deforestation and may encourage landslide

Due to these human activities, several effects of landslides were noted. These
cause property damage, injury and death and adversely affect a variety of resources.
For example, water supplies, fisheries, sewage disposal systems, forests, dams and
roadways can be affected for years after a slide event. The negative economic effects of
landslides include the cost to repair structures, loss of property value, disruption of
transportation routes, medical costs in the event of injury, and indirect costs such as
lost timber and lost fish stocks. Water availability, quantity and quality can be affected
by landslides. Geotechnical studies and engineering projects to assess and stabilize
potentially dangerous sites can be costly.

Are we prepared in case of landslides? These are some precautionary measures to

observe and follow in preparing for landslides:
a. Stay alert and awake. Many debris-flow fatalities occur when people are
sleeping.

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 b. If you are in areas susceptible to landslides and debris flows, consider leaving
if it is safe to do so.
c. Listen for any unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris, such as
trees cracking or boulders knocking together.
d. If you are near a stream or channel, be alert for any sudden increase or
decrease in water flow and for a change from clear to muddy water.
e. Be especially alert when driving. Bridges may be washed out, and culverts
overtop.
f. Be aware that strong shaking from earthquakes can induce or intensify the
effects of landslides.

Activity 2: List and Describe

Directions: On the box provided below, list down the human activities that cause
landslides. Describe each one how they contribute to the cause of such hazardous
event.

HUMAN ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION

Activity 3: My Share
Directions. People must be mindful and careful enough doing activities that may lead
to occurrence of landslides. As a student, how will you do your part in preventing
landslides as to information dissemination, awareness and mitigation planning?

_______________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________.

ASSESSMENT

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 Directions: Directions: Read each statement and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Shade the circle that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is an example geologic hazard?
A. mining B. deforestation C. earthquakes D. climate change
2. Which of the following maps is used to identify a place that is prone to
disaster?
A. hazard B. resource C. physical D. topographic
3. How do you classify climate- and weather-related hazards?
A. natural B. chemical C. biological D. anthropogenic
4. Which of the following geologic features makes the provinces of La Union and
Pangasinan pare at risk to earthquakes?
A. Iba Fault C. Tablas Fault
B. Manila Trench D. Lianga Fault
5. Which of the following provinces has the highest risk of volcanic eruptions
based on DENR and Manila observatory report?
A. Bataan C. Sorsogon
B. Laguna D. Camiguin
6. Which of the following is NOT among the provinces with high proneness to landslide?
A. Cebu C. La Union
B. Metro Manila D. Mountain province
7. Which of the following is NOT included in the group?
A. mining C. tsunamis
B. earthquakes D. landslides
8. Which of the following area is LEAST prone to earthquakes?
A. Ifugao C. Palawan
B. Tarlac D. La Union
9. Which of the following provinces has the HIGHEST risk of volcanic-related hazard?
A. Sulu B. Batangas C. Laguna D. Batanes
10.Which of the following is NOT an example of geologic hazards?
A. landslides C. earthquakes
B. tropical cyclones D. volcanic eruptions

ANSWER KEY
Assessment
1. D 6. A
2. C 7. C
3. A 8. C
4. C 9. B
5. C 10.B

References
Bagayas, Samantha. 2018. “Why Philippines and Indonesia are prone to natural
hazards?”. Rappler, October 19, 2018. Accessed May 19, 202.
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/214623-why-philippines-indonesia
prone-natural-hazards

Dugo, Fehl. 2017. “Why is the Philippines Prone to Typhoons and

Earthquakes?.”Accessed May 18, 2020. https://philpad.com/why-is-the
philippines-prone-to-typhoons-and-earthquakes/

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 Esquire Philippines. 2018.”The Philippines is Third-Riskiest Country When it
Comes to Natural Disasters.” Accessed May 18, 2020.
https://www.esquiremag.ph/life/travel/world-risk-index-2017-philippines-
a00203-20180502

Ellis, Jessica.2020.“What are Geological Processes?.” Accessed May 18,

2020.https://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-geological-processes.htm

The Manila Observatory.2005. “Mapping Philippine Vulnerability to

Environmental Disasters.” Accessed May 18,
2020.http://vm.observatory.ph/hazard.html

Prepared by:
DEXTER P. MANGIBUNONG
Subject Teacher

Checked by:
KRISTEL JOY R. SOMERA
SHS Coordinator

Noted by:
CATHERINE R. CALUYA
Secondary School Principal II

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