JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL REGULATORS & HOMEOSTATIC AGENTS Vol. 34, no.

4, xx-xx (2020)

EDITORIAL
5G Technology and induction of coronavirus in skin cells

M. Fioranelli1, A. Sepehri1, M.G. Roccia1, M. Jafferany2, O. Yu. Olisova3,

K.M. Lomonosov3 and T. Lotti1,3
1
Department of Nuclear, Sub-nuclear and Radiation Physics, G. Marconi University, Rome, Italy;
2
Central Michigan Saginaw, Michigan , USA; 3Department of Dermatology and Venereology, I.M.
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia

Received May 13, 2020 – Accepted June 9, 2020

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In this research, we show that 5G millimeter waves could be absorbed by dermatologic cells acting
like antennas, transferred to other cells and play the main role in producing Coronaviruses in biological
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cells. DNA is built from charged electrons and atoms and has an inductor-like structure. This structure
could be divided into linear, toroid and round inductors. Inductors interact with external electromagnetic
waves, move and produce some extra waves within the cells. The shapes of these waves are similar to
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shapes of hexagonal and pentagonal bases of their DNA source. These waves produce some holes in
OLTXLGVZLWKLQWKHQXFOHXV7R¿OOWKHVHKROHVVRPHH[WUDKH[DJRQDODQGSHQWDJRQDOEDVHVDUHSURGXFHG
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These bases could join to each other and form virus-like structures such as Coronavirus. To produce
these viruses within a cell, it is necessary that the wavelength of external waves be shorter than the size
of the cell. Thus 5G millimeter waves could be good candidates for applying in constructing virus-like
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structures such as Coronaviruses (COVID-19) within cells.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the main 7RGDWHPDQ\VFLHQWLVWVKDYHWULHGWR¿QGD

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problem this year involving the entire world (1). method to cure this disease (4, 5); however, without
This is an infectious disease caused by a newly- success. COVID-19 may have effects on different
discovered coronavirus. This virus is a member of types of cells. For example, it has been argued that
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related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and this virus may have some effects on dermatologic
birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory cells (6). On the other hand, it has been known that
tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases some waves in 5G technology have direct effects on
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of the common cold (among other possible causes, the skin cells (7). Thus, there are some similarities
predominantly rhinoviruses), and others that can between effects of COVID-19 and waves in 5G
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be lethal, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. technology.
Among them, COVID-19 is an enveloped virus with A new question arises regarding a relationship
a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a between 5G technology and COVID-19. The 5G
nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genome size WHFKQRORJ\LVWKH¿IWKJHQHUDWLRQPRELOHWHFKQRORJ\
of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 27 to in which its frequency spectrum could be divided into
34 kilobases, the largest among known RNA viruses millimeter waves, mid-band, and low-band. Low-
Key words: dermatologic antenna; COVID-19; 5G technology; millimeter wave; DNA; inductor

Corresponding Author:
Dr Massimo Fioranelli, 0393-974X (2020)
Department of Nuclear, Copyright © by BIOLIFE, s.a.s.
Sub-nuclear and Radiation Physics, This publication and/or article is for individual use only and may not be further
Guglielmo Marconi University, reproduced without written permission from the copyright holder.
8QDXWKRUL]HGUHSURGXFWLRQPD\UHVXOWLQ¿QDQFLDODQGRWKHUSHQDOWLHV
Via Plinio 44-00193, Rome, Italy
HPDLOP¿RUDQHOOL#JPDLOFRP 3 DISCLOSURE: ALL AUTHORS REPORT NO CONFLICTS OF
INTEREST RELEVANT TO THIS ARTICLE.
4 M. FIORANELLI ET AL.

band uses a similar frequency range as the predecessor, technology and transfer them to host cells. Then,
4G. 5G millimeter wave is the fastest, with actual DNAs within host cells interact with these waves
speeds often being 1–2 Gbit/s down. Its frequencies and move. By motions of a DNA, some hexagonal
are above 24 GHz, reaching up to 72 GHz, which DQG SHQWDJRQDO KROHV HPHUJH 7R ¿OO WKHVH KROHV
is above the extremely high frequency band’s lower some bases are constructed within cells. These holes
boundary. Millimeter waves have shorter range than join to each other and form RNAs of COVID-19.
microwaves, therefore the reactive cells are those
with smaller size (8-10). Consequently, biological MATERIALS AND METHODS
cells also could act like a receiver for these waves.
Many researchers have considered the effects of 5G A mechanism for exchanging waves between towers and
technology on human health. For example, it has dermatologic cells in 5G technology
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been shown that 5G mobile networking technology 6NLQFHOOVDUHLQFORVHFRQQHFWLRQVZLWKQHUYH¿EHUV

will affect not only the skin and eyes, but will have 7KHVH¿EHUVLQWKHQHUYRXVV\VWHPSOD\WKHUROHRIZLUHV
adverse systemic effects as well (11). In another which carry some electrical currents; these currents
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study, it was argued that 5G technologies cause great produce some electromagnetic waves. These waves and
harm to human health. Cancer is only one of the currents are taken by melanocytes, keratinocytes and
many problems. 5G causes 720 (factorial) different other dermatologic cells and transmitted to the medium.
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diseases in human beings, and can kill everything On the other hand, skin cells could take waves of towers
that lives except some forms of microorganisms and transfer to other cells and neurons. Thus, dermatologic
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(12). To consider the effects of 5G millimeter waves cells could act as an antenna (Fig. 1).
on biological systems, we propose a model which An antenna could take waves in which their
describes the process of exchanging waves between wavelengths are equal to its size. Thus, millimeter waves
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5G towers and host cells. in 5G technology could be taken more by dermatologic

To date, some researchers have tried to propose antennas. These waves could pass the cell membranes,
a model for using waves in extracting information enter the nucleus and interact with DNAs. Previously,
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within cells (13, 14). These waves could be transverse it has been shown that a DNA could act as the inductor
HOHFWURPDJQHWLF ¿HOGV RU ORQJLWXGLQDO XOWUDVRXQG and receiver or sender of waves (16). Thus, a DNA
waves. A DNA is built from charged particles and within a dermatologic cell like a keratinocyte receives
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according to laws of physics, by any motion of external waves and sends them to DNAs of other cells
these particles, some electromagnetic waves emerge like melanocytes. Waves in 5G technology and higher
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(15). Also, the structure of a DNA is similar to the technologies could contribute in gene expressions, turn
structure of an inductor (16) in a receiver and can on some genes and turn off others (Fig. 2).
produce some waves. Thus, a DNA could emit some The question is whether millimeter waves in 5G
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waves and interact with external waves. However, technology could contribute in constructing some viruses
most waves have a length more than the size of like COVID-19 within a cell. To reply to this question,
cells and pass them without any effect. Only limited we should consider the electronic structure of a DNA
waves with lengths smaller than millimeter could and its emitted waves. A DNA is built from atoms and
penetrate into cell membrane and interact with DNA electrons. These particles have some electrical charges
inductors. These wavelengths could be observed DQGHPLWHOHFWULFDO¿HOGV$OVRE\HDFKPRWLRQRID'1$
in 5 G technology. Thus, towers in this technology its atoms and electrons move. According to the laws of
could exchange waves with DNAs within cells physics, by motion of charged particles, some magnetic
and produce various types of diseases such as waves emerge. Consequently, a DNA emits both electrical
COVID-19. In this study, we propose a mechanism DQG PDJQHWLF ¿HOGV DQG SOD\V WKH UROH RI HOHFWULFDO
for exchanged waves between towers and host cells devices within a cell. The structure of a DNA within a
to obtain effective wavelengths. In our method, skin cell is similar to the structure of an inductor. When a DNA
cells act as dermatologic antenna, take waves in 5G coils around a nucleosome, it takes the shape of a toroid
 Journal of Biological Regulators & Homeostatic Agents
5

Fig. 1. Some waves in 5G technology could be taken by dermatologic antennas, however radio waves could not pass the skin cells
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Fig. 2. Waves in 5G technology pass the cell membranes and contribute to gene expressions
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Fig. 3. A similarity between different states of DNA with different types of inductors
6 M. FIORANELLI ET AL.

inductor. Also, by coiling around another axes, a DNA waves could have the main role in the emergence of
becomes very similar to round inductors (Fig. 3). COVID-19, however radio waves could not have any
A DNA coils several times around different axes within effect on the evolutions within a cell (Fig. 5).
chromosomes and produces different types of inductors
and electronic devices. Thus, any state of a DNA is similar RESULTS
to a type of an inductor and emits a special wave. Some of
these waves are linear, some are curved and others have Effective wavelengths within a cell in 5G technology
toroidal shapes (Fig. 4). We propose a model to obtain a probability for the
A DNA, as an electronic device within a cell, could DPRXQWRIHIIHFWVRIH[WHUQDO¿HOGVRQWKHHYROXWLRQV
exchange waves with medium, especially when an of cells within a cell. This probability is related to
electromagnetic wave passes the cell membrane and the the number of microstates of a DNA within a cell:
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QXFOHDU PHPEUDQH LW LQGXFHV DQ H[WUD PDJQHWLF ¿HOG PDNA ŸDNA, EMŸDNA, tot (1)
ZLWKLQ WKH '1$ LQGXFWRU DQG LQWHUDFWV ZLWK LWV ¿HOGV :KHUH ŸDNA LV WKH SUREDELOLW\ ŸDNA, EM is the
This interaction causes extra motions of this DNA, and number of microstates which are produced by the
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through the motion of this DNA, its charges move and interaction between DNAs and electromagnetic
emit electromagnetic waves. The wavelength of emitted ZDYHVDQGŸDNA, tot is the total number of microstates.
waves from a DNA is equal or less than its size within a These microstates have direct relations with
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cell. Also, shapes of radiated waves by a DNA have direct entropies:

relations with the shapes of their genetic source. A DNA SDNA = KS /2*ŸDNA, EM) (2)
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is formed from hexagonal and pentagonal manifolds; thus, Where SDNA is the entropy and KS is a constant.
its emitted waves have hexagonal and pentagonal shapes. On the other hand, entropies have direct relations
These waves produce hexagonal and pentagonal holes with energies:
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ZLWKLQ WKH OLTXLGV RI D QXFOHXV DQG D FHOO 7R ¿OO WKHVH SDNA =EDNA / Tcell (3)
holes, hexagonal and pentagonal molecules are built. Where EDNA is the excited energy of a DNA and
These extra hexagonal and pentagonal bases may join to Tcell is the temperature within a cell. Excited energy
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each other and form structures like RNAs of COVID-19 of a DNA depends on the linear and curved energies
viruses. To produce these viruses, it is necessary that the of hexagonal and pentagonal bases:
ZDYHOHQJWKVRIH[WHUQDOHOHFWURPDJQHWLF¿HOGVEHHTXDORU EDNA = UB, linear,5 V B, linear,5 + UB, curved,5 V B, curved,5 + UB,
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less than the size of a cell. For this reason, 5G technology supercoil,5
V B, supercoil,5 + UB, linear,6 V B, linear,6 + UB, curved,6 V B,
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Fig. 4. A DNA within the nucleus acts as the inductor and emits magnetic waves
 Journal of Biological Regulators & Homeostatic Agents
7

curved,6
+ UB, supercoil,6 V B, supercoil,6 (4) V B, supercoil,5  ʌ2 [1/2 (rbase + xEM )2FRV ࣄpenta)
Where UB, linear,5/6 is the energy density of a VLQࣄpenta)]×
pentagonal/hexagonal molecule, V B, linear, ,5/6 is the [ rbase + xEM][ rhistone + xEM]2[ rsupercoil + xEM]2
volume of a pentagonal/hexagonal disk , UB, curved, V B, supercoil,6 ʌ2 [1/2 (rbase + xEM )2FRVࣄhexaVLQࣄhexa)]
,5/6
is the energy density of a pentagonal/hexagonal )]×
molecule which coils around a nucleosome, V B, curved, [ rbase + xEM][ rhistone + xEM]2[ rsupercoil + xEM]2 (5)
,5/6
is the volume of a coiled pentagonal/hexagonal Where rbase is the length of a base (~10-9), rhistone is
disk, UB, supercoil, ,5/6 is the energy density of a pentagonal/ the radius of histones (~10-8), rsupercoil is the radius of
hexagonal molecule which coils around supercoil a supercoil (~ 10-7ࣄhexaʌLVWKHFHQWUDODQJOHRI
axes and V B, supercoil, ,5/6 is its volume. Volumes can be DKH[DJRQDOPROHFXOHࣄpentaʌLVWKHFHQWUDODQJOH
obtained from the following equations: of pentagonal molecule, xEM is the oscillating length
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which has a direct relation with the wavelength of

V B, linear,5 = 5 [1/2 (rbase + xEM )2FRVࣄpentaVLQࣄpenta)] H[WHUQDO¿HOG
[ rbase + xEM] EEM =1/2 KEM xEM2 KȣEM KFȜEM (6)
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V B, linear,6 = 5 [1/2 (rbase + xEM )2FRVࣄhexaVLQࣄhexa)] :KHUHȣEMLVWKHIUHTXHQF\ȜEM is the wavelength
[ rbase + xEM] RI H[WHUQDO ¿HOG F LV WKH YHORFLW\ RI OLJKW DQG K LV
V B, curved,5  ʌ > Ubase + xEM )2FRV ࣄpenta) the plank constant. Thus, we can write the following
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VLQࣄpenta)]× equation:

[ rbase + xEM][ rhistone + xEM]2 xEMaȜEM-1/2 (7)
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V B, curved,6 ʌ>Ubase + xEM )2FRVࣄhexaVLQࣄhexa)] We should then calculate magnetic energies and
)]× PDJQHWLF¿HOGV:HDVVXPHWKDWD'1$DFWVOLNHDQ
[ rbase + xEM][ rhistone + xEM]2 inductor and thus, we write the following equation
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IRULWVPDJQHWLF¿HOGV
For linear inductor:
BDNA, linear,5/6=µ0 ngene5/6 Igene,5/6 (8)
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For curved inductor:

BDNA, curved,5/6=µ0 ngene5/6 Igene,5/6ʌ>Uhistone  ȜEM-1/2]
(9)
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For supercoils:
BDNA, curved,5/6=µ0 ngene5/6 Igene,5/6>ʌ2 [rhistone ȜEM-1/2]
[rsupercoilȜEM-1/2]] (10)
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Where ngene5/6 is the density of genes including

hexagonal and pentagonal molecules (17) within
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DNAs, rhistone is the size of histone (3 × 10-10) (18),

rsupercoil is the radius of supercoil (~ 10-9) and Igene,5/6
is ther current which moves along pentagonal/
hexagonal molecules of genes. We assume that each
gene is in fact a long wire that is coiled around the
axis of a DNA. A DNA may have 50,000 or more
gene (Ngene) (17) and each gene is around 10-12 meter
long (Lgene) within a cell. Thus, we can calculate
density of genes (ngene):
ngene, 5/6 =Ngene/Lgene5/6 (11)
Fig. 5. 5G technology waves could pass the cell membranes
and lead to production of COVID-19; however the size of Ngene = 50000 (17) (12)
radio waves are more than the size of cells and thus radio Lgene= 10-12m (19, 20) (13)
waves could not pass the cell membranes. Lgene, 5/6 = 2 ×10-12 m (19, 20) (14)
8 M. FIORANELLI ET AL.

ngene, 5/6 = 2.5 × 1016 (15) ncharge, 5/6 = 2 ×1010 (28)

To calculate the value of the current along genes, Ȧcharge , 5/6 ʌ7charge, 5/6 (29)
we should calculate the total effective charge of all Tcharge, 5/6 >ȜEM]1/2 /c (30)
genes (Qgene,5/6) and their velocity (Vgene,5/6). Ȧcharge, 5/6 =6.28 ×10 (31)
Igene,5/6 = Qgene,5/6 Vgene,5/6 (16) Vgene, 5/6 =2.516 × 100 (32)
Effective charges of all genes are different from Substituting values of velocity from equation (32)
their normal total charges. A gene may have a few and charges from equation (21) in equation (16), we
normal charges because its charges cancel the effect can obtain the current of genes:
of each other in the static state. However, during the Igene, 5/6 ~ 10-3 (33)
gene expression and DNA evolutions, each charge Putting the current from the above equation (33)
has a separate effect. For this reason, we should and density of genes from equation (15) in equations
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regard total charges of all genes. To obtain this ZHFDOFXODWHPDJQHWLF¿HOGVRID'1$ZLWKLQ

charge, we should write: a cell.
Qgene,5/6 = Ngene,5/6 qgene,5/6 (17) BDNA, linear,5/6~ 107>ȜEM]-1/2 (34)
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Where Ngene,5/6 =2 Ngene is the number of genes BDNA, curved,5/6~ 1016>ȜEM]-1 (35)
including pentagonal/hexagonal molecules and BDNA, supercoil,5/6~ 1025>ȜEM]3//2 (36)
qgene,5/6 is the effective charge of pentagonal/ 8VLQJWKHVH¿HOGVZHFDQREWDLQHQHUJ\GHQVLW\
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hexagonal molecules in a gene. Again, we insist that RIPDJQHWLF¿HOGVDURXQGD'1$ZLWKLQDFHOO

effective charge of a gene is different from its normal µ0 ʌî-7 (37)
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charge. In fact, we should regard all electrons and UB, linear,5/6 =( [BDNA, linear,5/6] 2/2 µ0) ~1021>ȜEM]-1 (38)
atoms that contribute in gene expression. For this UB, curved,5/6 =( [BDNA, curved,5/6] 2/2 µ0) ~1038 > ȜEM]-2
reason, we should write: (39)
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qgene,5/6 =4Nbase qbase (18) UB, supercoil ,5/6 =( [BDNA, supercoil,5/6] 2/2 µ0) ~1056>ȜEM]-
3
where Nbase is the number of base pairs within (40)
a gene (17, 18) and qbase is the effective electrical
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charge of a base. We can put approximate numbers Consequently, substituting above results in
and obtain the effective charge of all genes: equation (4), total energy can be obtained from the
Nbase= 109 (21, 22) (19) following equation:
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qbase =(10-20) qelectron=(10-20)× 1/6 × 10-19 (20) EDNA = [5 [1/2 (rbaseȜEM-1/2)2FRVࣄpentaVLQࣄpenta)]
-4
Qgene, 5/6 =4 ×10 (21) [ rbaseȜEM-1/2]
+ 5 [1/2 (rbaseȜEM-1/2 )2FRVࣄhexaVLQࣄhexa)][ rbase
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Now, we calculate the effective velocity of genes:
Vgene, 5/6 = Lgene, 5/6Ȧgene, 5/6 (22)  ȜEM-1/2]] × 1021>ȜEM]-1
This velocity depends on the length of a gene >ʌ>UbaseȜEM-1/2)2FRVࣄpentaVLQࣄpenta)]×
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(Lgene, 5/6DQGLWVURWDWLQJYHORFLW\Ȧgene, 5/6). [ rbaseȜEM-1/2][ rhistoneȜEM-1/2]2

Lgene, 5/6 = 2×10-12 m (19, 20) (23)  ʌ>UbaseȜEM-1/2 )2FRVࣄhexaVLQࣄhexa)] )]×
7KHURWDWLQJYHORFLW\RIDJHQHȦgene, 5/6) can be [ rbase + xEM][ rhistoneȜEM-1/2]2× 1038>ȜEM]-2
obtained by summing over rotating velocities of all  >ʌ2 [1/2 (rbaseȜEM-1/2 )2FRVࣄpentaVLQࣄpenta)]×
LWVHIIHFWLYHFKDUJHVȦcharge, 5/6): [ rbase + xEM][ rhistoneȜEM-1/2]2[ rsupercoilȜEM-1/2]2
Ȧgene, 5/6 = ncharge, 5/6Ȧcharge, 5/6 (24)  ʌ2 [1/2 (rbaseȜEM-1/2)2FRVࣄhexaVLQࣄhexa)] )]×
To obtain the number of charges, we multiply [ rbaseȜEM-1/2][ rhistoneȜEM-1/2]2[ rsupercoilȜEM-1/2]2]
number of bases and number of atoms/electrons × 1056>ȜEM]-3 (41)
ncharge, 5/6 = 2Nbase Natom (25) Substituting the above equation in equations (1-
Now, we put approximate values for numbers and 3), we can obtain the probability for the amount of
obtain velocity of genes: HIIHFWVRIH[WHUQDO¿HOGVRQWKHHYROXWLRQVRI'1$V
Nbase= 109 (21, 22) (26) within a cell:
Natom =10 (27) PDNA = exp (KS EDNA / TcellŸDNA, tot (42)
 Journal of Biological Regulators & Homeostatic Agents
9

or less than the size of a nucleus, they can pass the

nuclear membrane and interact with DNAs. These
DNAs are built from hexagonal and pentagonal
bases and, by their motions, some holes emerge.
7KHVHKROHVDUH¿OOHGE\KH[DJRQDODQGSHQWDJRQDO
extra bases which are constructed by cells. These
bases could join to each other and form some viruses
such as Coronavirus. It is concluded that in the next
generation of mobile technology, emitted waves of
towers will have more effects on biological cells.
In this research, we have shown that new
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generation mobile technology, like 5G, could have

the main role in constructing various types of
Fig. 6. The probability of the effect of waves on the
viruses, such as Coronaviruses, within a cell. Some
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evolutions of a DNA within a cell in terms of wavelength wavelengths in these technologies are smaller than
the size of biological cells and could pass the cell
membrane and enter the nucleus. These waves could
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The above probability depends on the wavelength be taken by dermatologic antenna, transfer to host
RIH[WHUQDO¿HOGV cells, interact with DNAs and move them. A DNA is
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In Fig. 6, we show the probability for producing formed from charged particles and, by its motions,
hexagonal and pentagonal DNA holes within a electromagnetic waves emerge. These waves
FHOO 7KLV ¿JXUH LQGLFDWHV WKDW E\ GHFUHDVLQJ WKH produce hexagonal and pentagonal holes in liquids
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wavelength (< 10-3m), waves pass the cell membrane ZLWKLQQXFOHXVDQGWKHFHOO7R¿OOWKHVHKROHVEDVHV

and interact with DNAs. This interaction causes are produced. These bases join to each other and can
the motions of DNAs. By motions of DNAs, their construct viruses like Coronaviruses.
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charges move and emit strong waves. These waves

produce hexagonal and pentagonal holes within a REFERENCES
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