Materi Ajar Part 4
Materi Ajar Part 4
BUILDING A COMPUTER
Source: https://www.ofi.co.uk/blog/mobile-technology-explosion/
A. Reading Text
Computers in the form of personal desktop computers, laptops and tablets have become
such an important part of our everyday lives that it’s now hard and grasp that not so long
age, personal computers did not exist. Although computers have technically been used
since abacus approximately 5000 years ago, it is modern computers that have had the
greatest and most profound impact on society.
First Generation: The first full-sized digital computer in history was developed in 1944 and
it was named Mark I. It weighted five tons and was used only for calculation. Despite its
size and limited ability, it was the first of many that would start off generation computers,
created between 1940 and 1956 were all extremely large in size. The inner working of the
computers at the time were largely unsophisticated. These early machines required
magnetic drums for memory and vacuum tubes that worked as switches and amplifiers. It
was the vacuum tubes that were mainly responsible for the large size of the machine and
the massive amounts of heat that they released. These computers produces so much heat
that they regularly overheated despite large cooking unites.
Second Generation: The second generation of computers, developed from 1956 to 1963,
managed to do away with vacuum tube and replaced them with transistors. This allowed
computers to used less electricity and generate less head. Second generation computers
were also significantly faster and smaller than their predecessors. Another significant
change was the fact that a core memory was developed for second generation computers.
Third Generation: From 1964 to 1971 computers were through significant breakthrough in
terms of speed, courtesy of integrated circuits. Integrated circuits, or semiconductor chips,
were large number of miniature transistors packed on silicon chips. This not only increased
the speed of computers but also made them much smaller, more powerful, and less
expensive. In addition, instead of the punch cards and the printouts of previous systems,
keyboard and monitors were now allowing people to interact with computing machines.
Fourth Generation Computers: The height of computer revolution took place in the years
from 1971 till the present time. During this time technology developed to a point where
manufacturers could place millions of transistors on a single circuit chip. This was called
monolithic integrated circuit technology. It also heralded the invention of the intel 4004 chip
which was the first microprocessor to become commercially available in 1971. This
invention led to the drawn of the personal computer industry. By the mid 70’s, personal
computers such as the Altair 8800 became available to the public in the form of kits and
required assembly. By the late 70’s and early 80’s assembled personal computers for home
use, such as the Commodore Pet, Apple II and the first IBM Computers, were making their
way into the market. The fourth generation of computers also saw the creation of even
smaller computers including laptops and hand-held devices while computer memory and
storage also went through major improvement, with an increase in storage capacity and
speed. Which leaves us to wonder: “what will the first Generation of computers look like?”
Present and beyond: In the future, computer users can expect even faster and more
advanced computer technology. Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial
intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice
recognition, that are being used today. Quantum computation and nanotechnology will
also radically change the face of computers in years to come. The goal of fifth-generation
computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language and are capable of
learning and self-organization.
https://www.tes.com/
A. True or False
Read the fact file on the last part and write true or false for these sentences.
1. What is the name of the first full-sized digital computer?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. When was the second generation of computer was developed?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What is the benefit of integrated circuits or semiconductor chips in the computer?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What were the example of the first personal computer for home use assembled by
the late of 70’?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What are the goal of fifth-generation computing development?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Vocabulary Building
Impact …………………..
Unsophisticated …………………..
………………….. …………………..
………………….. …………………..
………………….. …………………..
………………….. …………………..
C. Language Focus
1. Prepositional Verb
Prepositional verbs cannot be separated. The two words must remain together.
There are some prepositional verbs that we use very often, so it’s useful to try to
remember them. Here they are with their meanings and an example:
Believe in “He’s 11 years old but he still believes in the tooth fairy.”
Get off We arrived at the museum and got off the bus.”
Get out of “Paul got out of his car and opened the gate.”
Look after “My mum looks after our kids after school.”
Pay for “Dad paid for the meal and left a tip.”
Think about “It’s a great offer. think about it and let me know your decision.”
There are a few prepositional verbs that have an object which can be put between
the verb and the preposition.
Example:
• Remind + object + of
3. Please refer …………… the notes at the end for more information.
“To” and “for” are commonly used as prepositions. Changing a preposition, such as
using “to” in the place of “for,” can completely alter the meaning of a sentence.
Sometimes, if you use the wrong word, you’ll get a sentence that isn’t grammatically
correct. So, let’s begin by talking about one of the most common (and most confusing)
uses of “to” and “for”:
We frequently use the prepositions “to” and “for” to talk about why somebody did
something.
Examples:
• Why are you going home? I’m going home to feed my cats.
Use “to” when the reason or purpose is a verb. Use “for” when the reason or purpose is
a noun.
Example:
Another example is dealing with the use of “used to” and “used for” is drawn in the
following sentences.
The words ending in “ing” are gerunds. The function the same as nouns. they’re
preceded by a preposition: “for.”
The words not ending in “ing” are verbs. Those constructions (“to put,” “to paint”) are
infinitives.
Fill the blank with “to” or “for”. Number 1 has been done for you.
”Made of” is used when talking about the basic materials, qualities of an
object while “Made from” is used when talking about the substances used in
manufacturing.
We often use ‘made of’ when we are talking about the basic materials or qualities of
something. It has a similar meaning to ‘composed of’ or ‘manufactured by using.’ Look
at the examples below, to understand this concept better.
“Made from” is also used to describe the origins of a material. We use ‘made from’
when we are talking about how something has been manufactured. For example,
Fill the blank with “made from” or “made of”. Number 1 has been done for you.