Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion – Grade 12

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 1 – Module 3: Reading on Related Studies
First Edition, 2020

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 Module Inquiries Understanding Ways
Investigations to Collect Data
4 and Immersion:

What I Need to Know

The 3 I’s: Inquiry, Investigation and Immersion module is a way of

realizations that come along their life such as the different issues which
surrounds them. This query is the act of understanding ways to collect data
using explicit processes or techniques used to recognize, choose, process and
analyze data about an issue.

This module has five (5) lessons:

• Lesson 1 - Research Design
• Lesson 2 – Research Setting
• Lesson 3 -Respondents and Sampling Procedure
• Lesson 4–Research Instrument
• Lesson 5 – Treatment of Data
Learning Objectives:

1. The learner describes adequately research design (either

quantitative or qualitative), sample, instrument used in quantitative
research, data collection and analysis procedures.
2. Presents written research methodology.

How to learn from this module?

To achieve the objectives of this module, do the following:

. Take your time reading the lessons
. Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activity
exercises diligently
. Answer all the given tests and exercises
. Familiarize yourself with following terms in the next page;
 Design - The overall plan for collecting
the data in a research study

Population - A complete set of persons or

objects that possess some
common characteristic of
interest to the researcher.

Sample - A subset of the population that

is chosen to represent the
population.

Procedure - It is the collection process of

gathering and measuring
information on variables of
interest in a systematic way
that enables one to answer
stated research questions, test
hypotheses, and evaluate
outcomes.

What I Know

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. A plan of how the study will be conducted.
A. Research Plan C. Experimental Design
B. Descriptive Design D. Research Design
2. Which design of research that would evaluate effects, look into the cause and effect, and
relationship or difference between or among factors?
A. Research Plan C. Experimental Design
B. Descriptive Design D. Research Design
3. Gathers information about the present existing conditions, that finds the answer to questions
who, what, when, where, and how.
A. Research Plan C. Experimental Design
B. Descriptive Design D. Research Design
4. The researcher periodically observes or measures the subject.
A. One shot case study C. Posttest only control group
B. Time series design D. Solomon four group design
5. A design in which subjects in the experimental and comparison groups are given a posttest
after the experimental group receives the study treatment.
A. One shot case study C. Posttest only control group
B. Time series design D. Solomon four group design
6. In data gathering on qualitative search for life, it .
A. Abounds with words, and visuals C. Query on numbers and calculations
B. Talks about statistics D. None
7. Which one is the study on how people understand their experiences meaningful?
A. Case Study C. Ethnomology
B. Phenomenology D. Historical analysis
 8. An analysis of how successfully a project can be completed, accounting for factors such
as economic, technological, legal and scheduling factors.
A. Feasibility study C. Content Analysis
B. Case Study D. Problem-Solving
9. A process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the
development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.
A. Feasibility study C. Content Analysis
B. Case Study D. Problem-Solving
10. Homogenous strata, ensure representative proportions, wherein the researcher
includes the specified number of samples like 5 samples only.
A. Convenience Sampling C. Purposive Sampling
B. Quota Sampling D. Snowball Sampling
11. Sampling method that is handpicked by the researcher based on qualities
for purposes of study.
A. Convenience Sampling C. Purposive Sampling
B. Quota Sampling D. Snowball Sampling
12. Questionnaire is to data-collection instrument; observation is to
data-collection .
A. Method C. analysis
B. Process D. results
13.A self-directing instrument structured with questions & indicators.
A. Questionnaire C. Observation
B. Interview D. Instrument
14. A conversation where questions are asked and answers are given.
A. Questionnaire C. Observation
B. Interview D. Instrument
15. The process of observing something or someone carefully in order to gain
information.
A. Questionnaire C. Observation
B. Interview D. Instrument

Key to answer on page

WHAT`S IN?

What is Research?

Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection

of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of
that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific
professional fields and academic disciplines.
 WHAT`S NEW?

Research Design
The research design states to the whole approach that youdecide
on to add the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way,
thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem; it
constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, andanalysis of data.
Note that your research problem determines the type of design you should use.

What is It

To unlock the challenges, would you be interested in

choosing which design?

1. Quantitative / Qualitative Research

a. Quantitative Research: Methods that give emphasis to
objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical
analysis of data collected through samples, questionnaires, and
surveys, or by employing pre-existing statistical data using
computational techniques. Quantitative research concentrates on
collecting numerical data and simplifying it across groups of people or
to explain a particular phenomenon.
 b. Qualitative Research: A systematic subjective approach
used to describe life experiences and give them meaning. To gain
insight; explore the depth, richness, and complexity inherent in the
phenomenon.
c. Quantitative research are: c.1. Survey research uses
interviews, questionnaires, and sampling polls to get a sense of
behavior with intense precision. c.2. Correlational research tests for
the relationships between two variables. C.3. Causal-comparative
research looks to uncover a cause and effect relationship. This research
is not conducted between the two groups on each other.c.4.
Experimental research is guided specifically by a hypothesis.
d. Qualitative research are: d.1. Ethnography, you immerse
yourself in the target participants’ environment to understand the goals,
cultures, challenges, motivations, and themes that emerge. d.2.
Narrative approach weaves together a sequence of events, usually from
just one or two individuals to form a cohesive story. d.3.
Phenomenological study is an appropriate qualitative method when you
want to describe an event, activity, or phenomenon d.4. Case study a
way of explaining an organization, entity, company, or event which
involves a deep understanding through multiple types of data sources.
To come up with the chosen design whether quantitative or
qualitative research, think of which best suites in the given title or topic
to explore the collective ideas and picture out to reveal better
understanding.Abstract is allowed to envision the young minds. Make
your own chapter 3 specifically the research design on the space
provided

What’s More

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the research design, research setting,

respondents and sampling procedure, research instrument, data
gathering procedure and statistical technique.
Research Design

This study utilized the descriptive-qualitative method in order to

achieve the purpose of this study - which is to determine and describe
the experiences of women with breast cancer from Thrive Breast Cancer
Support Group in Cagayan de Oro City. It is descriptive in a sense that
the data obtained was analyzed and describe. Specifically use the
phenomenological type that describes the actual experiences of the
women diagnosed with breast cancer.
The researchers used an interview guide questionnaire as
instrument. Based on the result of the survey tool conducted, researcher
was able to determine the details of experiences of women
with breast cancer.

1. Guide Questions:
a. What design did you choose?

b. Describe the design and relate the use of which in your

particular study.

c. Which specific type of the research design is being used in

your study?

d. Why did you choose such type?

That sounds nice! Do you want to continue?

2. RESEARCH SETTING

What is research setting? = The area where the investigator

conducts the study.

Behind mnemonic idea/sabout the issues in their chosen

field is a great realization to describe at different angles.

EXAMPLE:
Research Setting
The study was conducted in Macasandig, Cagayan de Oro
City, one of the respondents’ house. The house has a big room where
they usually held the group gathering. It can accommodateup to
50 persons. The respondents were comfortable in sharingtheir
experiences at this place. The time frame for the study was from
November 2016- October 2017.

Construct a research setting on the space provided:

A good description of the place and specific details where the

study took place is of utmost important.
 3. POPULATION (Respondents)

Persons who have been invited to participate in a particular study

and have actually taken part in the study.

4. SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Sampling Methods:
a. Random sampling is a technique which uses randomization
to make sure that every element of the population gets an
equal chance to be part of the selected sample.
b. Stratified sampling is a technique which divides the elements
of the population into small subgroups (strata) based on the
similarity in such a way that the elements within the group
are homogeneous and heterogeneous among the other
subgroups formed.
c. Convenience Sampling, here the samples are selected
based on the availability.
d. Purposive sampling: This is based on the intention or the
purpose of study.
e. Quota sampling: This type of sampling depends of some pre-
set standard. It selects the representative sample from the
population.
f. Referral/ Snowball sampling: This technique is used in the
situations where the population is completely unknown and
rare.

Example below:

Respondents and Sampling Procedure

The respondents of the study comprised of twelve (12) women who
experienced breast cancer in Thrive Breast Cancer Support group in Cagayan
de Oro city. The sampling design that the researchers utilized was purposive
sampling. The respondents who participated in the study were women who are
breast cancer survivors. The said respondents chose because the said women
were the only respondents who are willing and available to share their
experiences in breast cancer.

Create your own Example:

5. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
The process of gathering and measuring information on variables of
interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer
stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.
Methods are: the use of survey tool, questionnaire, interviews,
observation, instruments, and recorded data or resources.
Example

Data Gathering Procedure

Upon the approval of the proposal by the research committee, the
researchers secured a permit to conduct this study from the Dean of College of
Nursing. During the visit, the date of the collections of the data from the
respondents was set.
The researchers gave an informed consent before the start of the
interview. The researchers used an interview guide questionnaires themselves
to ask questions to the respondents. The answers made by the respondents
recorded and written on the interview guide questionnaire as the data for this
study. After gathering the data, the researchers collected and made
transcriptions of the gathered responses. After that, the researchers analyzed
and interpreted the data.
Statistical Techniques
The analysis interpretation of the gathered data was facilitating by used
of the following statistical measure.

1. The frequency and percentage counts used to describe the tabulated

data for
respondent profile.
a. Percentage distribution
Percentage % = f/n
Where %-percentage symbol
f- number of frequency responses
n- number of respondents

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?

1. Research design is a systematic way of collecting data.

2. Research setting refers to the place where you are going to conduct
your study.
3. Respondents are the persons involved in your study.
4. Sampling is part of the population.
5. Data gathering procedure is how you are going to gather your data.
 WHAT I CAN DO

Orderly arrange the steps of preparing a research designusing A-

D.

Decide for design

Describe the design
Specific type of design
Describe
Key to Answers at the
page

ASSESSMENT

1. Which one is an example of pre-experimental research?

A. One shot case study C. Posttest only control group
B. Time series design D. Solomon four group design
2. An experimental research in which the researcher manipulates the variable.
A. True Experimental Research C. Posttest only control group
B. Pre Experimental Design D. Solomon four group design
3. A type of experimental design in which the researcher has little control over the
research situation
A. One shot case study C. Posttest only control group
B. Time series design D. Solomon four group design
4. A design that minimizes threats to internal and external validity
A. One shot case study C. Posttest only control group
B. Time series design D. Solomon four group design
5. A type of experimental design in which there is either no comparison group or no random
assignment of subjects to groups.
A. Quasi-Experimental design C. Posttest only control group
B. Time series design D. Solomon four group design
6. A self-directing instruments structured with questions & indicators.
A. Questionnaire C. Observation
B. Interview D. Instrument
 7. The generic term that researchers use for a measurement
device.
A. Questionnaire C. Observation
B. Interview D. Instrument
8. Which one is a research technique used to make replicable and valid inferences by
interpreting and coding textual material?
A. Feasibility study C. Content Analysis
B. Case Study D. Problem-Solving
9. A constructive research which solve practical problems while producing an academically
appreciated theoretical contribution.
A. Feasibility study C. Content Analysis
B. Case Study D. Problem-Solving
10. A study that determines whether or not two variables are
correlated.
A. Descriptive Normative Study C. Methodological Study
B. Comparative Studies D. Correlational Study
11. In data gathering on qualitative search for life, it .
A. Abounds with words, and visuals C. Query on numbers and calculations
B. Talks about statistics D. None
12. Which one is the study on how people understand their experiences meaningful?
A. Case Study C. Ethnomology
B. Phenomenology D. Historical analysis
13. A process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the
development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.
A. Feasibility study C. Content Analysis
B. Case Study D. Problem-Solving
14. Homogenous strata, ensure representative proportions, wherein the researcher
includes the specified number of samples like 5 samples only.
A. Convenience Sampling C. Purposive Sampling
B. Quota Sampling D. Snowball Sampling
15. Sampling method that is handpicked by the researcher based on qualities
for purposes of study.
C. Convenience Sampling C. Purposive Sampling
D. Quota Sampling D. Snowball Sampling
 REFERENCES

Magallona - Flores, Magelende, Heidi Emily Eusebio-Abad, Maria Corazon Aspeli-

Castro, Emil Frances M. Flores, and Sharon Feil R. Teodosio. Thought and
Expression: Academic Writing. `Quezon, Philippines: C & E Publishing, n.d.

Mansfield, Dani. “15 Creative Exercises That Are Better Than Brainstorming .” 1.
https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/creative-exercises-better-than-brainstorming,
n.d.

Marquez-Fong, Stella Eloisa R., and Cezar R. Tigno. Practical Research 1. 1st ed.
Quezon, Philippines: Vibal Group Inc., 2016.

Prieto, Nelia G., Victoria C. Naval, and Teresita G. Carey. Practical Research 2 for
Senior High School: Quantitative. 1st ed. Quezon, Philippines: Lorimar
Publishing Inc., 2017.
 MIDTERM EXAM

Multiple Choice: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. A well-written research paper should lay with the .

A. right words and right insights C. correct input and correct output
B. right words and right action D. check information withdetails
2. In writing a paper, which one should be the first part?
A. Conclusion C. Paragraph
B. Body D. Introduction
3. A trying hard to find something by looking or seeking carefully or thoroughly.
A. Search C. Answer
B. Question D. Working
4. Quantitative research usually takes place in soft sciences like:
A. Sciences, politics, economics C. Nursing and all business
B. Humanities, education, psychology D. All of the choices
5. Which one is known as scientific inquiry or investigation?
A. Concept Paper C. Research Paper
B. Oslo Paper D. Reaction Paper
6. It is an act of inquiry or investigation of real-life events.
A. Quantitative research C. Democratic research
B. Qualitative research D. Power research
7. " in the classical sense, are grounded in logic, crafting such involves research,
gathering of evidence, and the creation of plausible assertions that can be backed up
with evidence.
A. Persuasion C. Arguments
B. Significance D. Assertion
8. The first thing you must do in building a position is to search about the topic,
which is known as:
A. Explore C. Create Assertions
B. Brainstorm D. Gather the Evidence
9. A conference technique of solving specific problems, amassing information,
stimulating creative thinking, developing new ideas, etc. by unrestrained and
spontaneous discussion.
A. Explore C. Create Assertions
B. Brainstorm D. Gather the Evidence
10. Which one is a positive statement or declaration, often without support or reason?
A. Explore C. Assertion
B. Brainstorm D. Gather the Evidence
11. Which of the following steps in building aresearch paper that tends to prove
or disprove something; ground for belief; orproof?
A. Explore C. Assertion
B. Brainstorm D. Gather the Evidence
12. Qualities of a good researcher are:
A. Active C. Forceful
B. Powerful D. All
 13. The major reason for conducting research is to:
A. promote evidence-based information.
B. promote the growth of the profession.
C. document the cost effectiveness of care.
D. ensure accountability for professional practice.
14. Who will benefit the research study?
A. Students, mentors, stakeholders C. Barangay hall, student's launch
B. Stickers, bondage, community post D. Company, researcher's tool, pen
15. Describe scope and limitation in one word.
A Coverpage C. Coverage
B. Corruption D. Coloring
16. Which one is part of educational benefit in research?
A. Practicing the rhythm C. Dancing with the flow
B. Involving self D. Working with the faculty mentor
17. Cites the importance and relevance of expected outcomes in an investigation
A. Definition of terms C. Framework
B. Significance of the study D. Theory
18. states clearly the purpose or interest of the study, and it poses
specific questions about the research problem.
A. Introduction C. Statement of the problem
B. Scope and delimitation D. Significance of the study
19. A part of research that is necessary in the theoretical and conceptual
framework.
A. Dependable Variable
B. Independent Variable
C. Dependent Variable
D. Independent Variable and Dependent Variable
20. The part of your study that will provide context to the information discussed
throughout the research process.
A. Background of the Study
B. Scope and delimitation of the study
C. Operational Definition
D. Significance of the study
21. The part of your study is intended to assist you in understanding commonly
used terms and concepts when reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly
research in the social sciences.
A. Background of the Study
B. Scope and delimitation of the study
C. Glossary of Research Terms
D. Significance of the study
22. Which one states briefly the background of the study and identifies the rationale
of the research problem?
A. Introduction C. Statement of the problem
B. Scope and delimitation D. Significance of the study
23. It sets the boundaries and parameters of the study, narrows the scope of the
inquiry, and clarifies the terms used.
A. Introduction C. Statement of the problem
B. Scope and delimitation D. Significance of the study
24.The portion of your study that will provide evidence of academic standards
and procedure.
 A. Theory Framework
B. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
C. Concept Framework
D. None of the above
25. It is the meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular study.
A. Conceptual Definition
B. Conceptual Definition-Operational
C. Operational Definition
D. All of the above
26. Subjective literature review takes place in a review that is
a. Scientific c. Statistical
b. Scoping d. Systematic
27. Without research questions, your RRL structure can appear in a form called
a. Narrative c. Statistical
b. Outline d. Tabular
28. Research question is a must in a literature review called
a. Optional c. Systematic
b. Structural d. Traditional
29. It is a chapter of your research paper wherein it is focused on giving an overview
of all the writings relative to your specific topics.
A. Introduction C. Methodology
B. Review of Related Literatures D. Results and Discussion

30. It is a source of your literatures that is categorized by printed publications or

writings wherein a researcher reports the results of their own studies.
A. Primary Source C. Tertiary Source
B. Secondary Source D. General references

31. It is defined as a means of informing your readers that a certain information came
from a specific source and you just borrowed it to widen the explanation of a certain
situation or data of your research.
A. Literatures B. Review C. Citations D. Sources

32. It is a manner of citation that is commonly refers to all of the citations that an
found in all of the chapters in the research paper.
A. In-text citation C. Bibliography
B. Out-text citation D. Referencing List

33. This guidelines in citation secures that all data and information, facts, ideas or
principles from your sources are discussed or explained separately.
A. By Topic B. By author C. Chronological D.
Bibliography

34. This is a citation style that uses author-date format only.

A. APA B. MLA C. CMS D. HARVARD

35. This is a citation style that uses notes and bibliography and author-date format.
A. APA B. MLA C. CMS D. HARVARD
36. This is defined of extraction of information and discussion from one or more
relevant literatures.
A. Synthesis B. Summary C. Conclusion D.
Explanation

37. It is the guideline that is used in making synthesis.

A. Synthesis guide C. Synthesis matrix
B. Synthesis Chart D. Synthesis graph

38. This is defined as the norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and
unacceptable behaviors.
A. Attitude B. Ethics C. Humor D. Behavior
39. The purpose of this design is to generate and refine theory; thus, the findings
frequently
are not directly useful in practice.
a. grounded theory research c. basic research
b. survey d. Applied research
40. Designed to obtain information regarding the prevalence, distribution, and
interrelationships of variables within a population
a. grounded theory research c. basic research
b. survey d. Applied research
41. This scale of measurement shows that an exact distance between two
categories can be determined but the zero point is arbitrary.
a. Nominal c. ordinal
b. Interval d. Ratio
42. This level of measurement classifies subjects into a number of quantitative cases
such as
gender, nationality, or religion.
a. Nominal c. ordinal
b. Interval d. Ratio
43. It is the proportion of a part to a whole such as a given
number of respondents in relation to the entire population.
a. Percentage c. ranking
c. weighted mean d. standard deviation
44. Which methods requires specialized technical instruments and equipment?
a. Observation
b. Biophysiological measures
c. Structured Interview
d. Participant Observation

45. Self-report measures are more useful than observation measures in

obtaining
information on which of the following?
a. Learning about perception on lover care
b. Studying children's reaction while watching horror movie.
c. Recording fetal heart beat per minute through doppler monitor.
d. All of the above
46. Asking experts to comment on the content of the questions, and making
changesare part of what step in the construction of questionnaire?
a. Pretesting
b. Improving and finalizing the instrument
c. Formatting the instrument
d. Determining what information to collect
47. Which one is the most practical data collection instrument?
a. Interview
b. Checklist
c. Likert’s scale
d. Questionnaire

Match the following methods of Data Collection:

A. Interview
B.
Observation
C. Self-made questionnaire
48. Economical
49. Allows respondent to verbalize feelings and opinions
50. Appropriate in children