This Chapters 1 5
This Chapters 1 5
Chapter 1
Introduction
In every pro, there’s always a con. Humans are not and will never be an
exemption to any kind of disease, may it be life threatening or not; but because of the
preparation that improves the immune system of most people and that is called a vaccine.
Vaccines have risen to the lime light in recent years but their history is longer than that.
Ever since the first vaccination was scientifically documented in 1798, they have
transfigured the outlook of human health and medicine. The effects of vaccines have
ranged from the wipe out of polio and smallpox worldwide, to the prevention of certain
cancers such as of the liver and the cervix. In fact, vaccines have been so influential that
some scientists consider them as among the greatest successes in public health (Chou,
2016).
sadly, politicians, even religious leaders, and more, strongly oppose vaccination because
of the fear of risking people, especially the children’s health. At its core, the anti-
vaccination movement argues that vaccines are irrelevant, needless, ineffective, and
risky.
households choosing to be exempted from vaccines. In the Philippines, year 2018, we fell
way short of our target for vaccination, with an estimated 60 percent of Filipino children
not receiving their vaccines. The consequences of this laxity in vaccination are swift and
brutal. Ignorance and misinformation are dangerous, not only to those households which
refuse vaccinations, but unfortunately for the rest of the community as well. At least 95
at preventing measles, but below this target, vulnerable populations are more likely to be
uncovered and to succumb to the disease. To sum things up, an unvaccinated few can
Given this, the researchers are wondering if this is truly the case. In this study,
the researchers aim to know the factors of why parents disregard the idea of getting their
Subdivision.
Vaccines are said to be one of the most tremendous discoveries and successes in
the medicine world. The idea of preventing a disease to administer in your body gives
people the need to be vaccinated. The story of vaccines begins with the long history of
infectious disease in humans, and in particular, with the early uses of smallpox material
to provide immunity to that disease. Vaccinations are very important, especially for
young children. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, infants
receive some laid-back immunity from their mothers at birth. A vaccination uses dead or
3
conditions. It also undergoes elaborate testing to ensure that they are safe and benefit
The Vaccination Act of 1853 was met with immediate resistance, and several
in the 19th century said that vaccines would make you sick, warned the people about
poisonous chemicals being used namely carbolic acid in the smallpox vaccine, and
Although the great majority of people still vaccinate their children, arrays of intentionally
unvaccinated children are certainly on the rise. And it is these clusters of unvaccinated
kids and adults that are leading to a rise in outbreaks of vaccine – preventable diseases
An ongoing measles outbreak in the Philippines has killed at least 70 people last
January 2019, with anti-vaxx conspiracy theorists blamed for a fall in the rate of
protected children. The World Health Organization notes population immunity can be
Philippines has collapsed to just 55 percent – a devaluation of 15 percent in the past year
(WHO, 2019).
To perceive the factors and number of people who are against or not in favor of
vaccinating their children, the researchers will make the respondents undergo survey
Theoretical Framework
collection mathematical and statistical models and methods that are used in the assembly
indicators on a test or scale. Item response theory models are used for item analysis.
the strength of relation between item response and underlying construct and the degree to
a collection of questions. Item response theory used to investigate the degree to which
item response in differential item functioning or a lack of desired invariance over groups.
Item response theory is used to compute the scales scores that are comparable across
alternate forms of a questionnaire and that may have better statistical properties than
respond to items. All IRT models are built to measure subjective phenomena, and the
basic one is the Rasch model. The most important claim of the Rasch proponents is that,
due to the mode of collecting response data in combination with the estimation procedure
of the model, the derived measures have strong qualities. Notwithstanding which IRT
model is chosen, all of them provide several features for exploring and testing the
responses from individuals, the items, and the total score of an instrument (Krabbe,
2017).
5
Conceptual Framework
The Item Response Theory gave the background knowledge and the starting
point of the study to the researcher. In this theory, it shows the relationship of factors and
the standpoint of the parents on vaccinating their children. The Constructed tool(s) used
in the study are expected to reveal the significant findings of the study and this comprises
the outcome. Finally, the researchers made recommendations regarding the outcome and
that will comprise the recommendation. Given these, the researchers were given a clear
outlook and mindset on what to investigate on its scope, limitations and the established
and known information about the inquiry. Thus, the researchers were able to make a
study about the factors that affect the standpoint of parents who are not in favor of
This study aims to find out the factors that affect the standpoint of parents who
are not in favor of vaccinating their children in Hausland Subdivision for the year 2019-
2020.
a.) Age
b.) Sex
2. What are the factors that affect the standpoint of the parents who refuse to
This study focused on determining the factors and how it affects the standpoint
of parents who are not in favor of vaccinating their child. This study was conducted in
Hausland Subdivision and the respondents were primarily parents. Lastly, this study will
To students. They will benefit from this study in a way that they will be made
aware on the various factors are and how it affects the standpoint of parents who are not
To teachers. They will also benefit from this study in a way that they also will
be made aware on the various factors are and how it affects the standpoint of parents who
are not in favor of vaccinating their child. They can use also this study as a guide when
they reach the point of deciding on whether to vaccine their child or not.
To parents. Through this study, they will be made aware on what the factors
are and how it affects their standpoint of not vaccinating their child. With that, they can
have an idea on the factors that affect the standpoint of parents who are not in favor of
vaccinating their child so that they could come up with programs on how to better
To the community. Through this study, the people in the community will have
awareness on what factors that affect the standpoint of parents who are not in favor of
vaccinating their child. They can use this study as a guide for making a decision whether
To future researchers. They will be able to use the results of this study as a
reference and a guide to conduct deeper investigation on related topics using a broader
Definition of Terms
For the purpose of clarification, the following terms used in this study are defined:
Item Response Theory. A paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests,
item and the test takers' levels of performance on an overall measure of the ability that
Chapter 2
This chapter presents the significant summaries of related literature and studies
after thorough and in-depth searches were done by the researchers. This will give readers
Foreign Literature
health campaigns to optimize vaccination coverage (Sturm, Mays, & Zimet, 2005). A
large amount of anti-vaccination media, action groups, and web sites may further make
matters worse by broadcasting negative vaccine information and highlighting reasons for
concern that often have no scientific evidence (Harris, Hughbanks-Wheaton, Johnston, &
Kubin, 2007).
the Reasons Behind Parental Refusal of Vaccines”, there are four factors that affect the
standpoint of parents who are not in favor of vaccinating their children and they are (1)
religious reasons, the choice is not the by-product of ignorance but rather the intentional
philosophical reasons, the natural immunity of their children (3) safety concerns, mostly
based on what the parents have discovered through social media and (4) desire for
10
additional education, the parents want to be able to make informed decisions about their
child’s healthcare by knowing both the benefits and risks associated with each vaccine.
In the article made by Damnjanović et. al. (2018), there are five factors
affecting the perception of the parents regarding vaccination -- (1) trust toward
authorities, the full picture is seldom easily available and individuals have a hard time
forming their own opinions on the topic thus, argumentation must rely on evidence which
is accepted largely based on trust (2) perceived consensus and norms, their decision is
highly influenced by what the other people say (3) freedom of choice, choice overload,
and values, (4) perception of danger, and lastly (5) access to information.
In the book written by Shane "The People's Chemist" Ellison, he stated why he
have not and will not vaccinate his own children, and why he uses vaccine exemption
forms for public school -- (1) vaccination does not always mean "immunization".
Vaccines boost our defenses only temporarily because our immune system is
programmed to recognize and attack invaders that come through the nose, mouth and
eyes. It doesn't work properly when we shove infection into our body with a needle.
"Children under two years of age do not consistently develop immunity following
With the discoveries of Beutler et. al. (2011) concerning the activation of innate
immunity and the dendrite cell’s role in adaptive immunity, kids can build immunity
naturally. We are hard-wired with special receptors that recognize foreign invaders and
activate our immune response which clears biological nasties from the body.
11
Local Literature
one of the reasons for the recent measles outbreak in some regions in the Philippines last
February in the current year. According to an article from the Philippine News Agency,
DOH stated that the causes of measles outbreak involved a number of factors or
elements. Loss of public confidence and trust in vaccines in the immunization program
brought about by the Dengvaxia controversy has been documented as one of the many
factors that contributed to vaccine hesitancy in the country. This refers to mothers who
became hesitant to have their children vaccinated with vaccines that were long proven to
be effective.
“Chime” Nnadi, the medical director of Global Vaccine Medical Affairs of MSD, stated
that there are three factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy: (1) Complacency, (2)
Complacency; Young parents are getting more and more complacent that their
children won’t be inflicted with “rare” diseases like polio and diphtheria anymore. “They
have read about it, heard about it but haven’t actually seen a person with polio”.
fraudulent paper claiming that there was a link between the MMR vaccine and autism.
Since then, people lost confidence in the safety of the MMR and uptake fell, leading to
Convenience; even if vaccines are offered for free in public health centers, the
lack of affordable transport can be a barrier to vaccination for low-income families. Also,
due to the wide range of vaccinations available, the immunization schedule can be quite
confusing, especially when there is more than one child requiring vaccination. Parents
simply may not know or lose track of which vaccines are required when. “Vaccines, if
administered properly and at the right time, can help save the lives of a countless number
of Filipinos”.
a dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia) which was banned from distributing due to its links to the
deaths of several children, as authorities battle to contain a dengue outbreak that has
killed more than 450 people this 2019. Concerns over dengue immunization for nearly
734,000 children aged nine or older sparked two congressional inquiries, a criminal
investigation and a sharp fall in the number of parents seeking routine vaccinations for
their children. If the government decided to revive the use of Dengvaxia, it would be
administered with “utmost caution”, presidential spokesman Salvador Panelo said. “If
Dengvaxia is proven effective to those who already had dengue in the past, then its
application to these individuals will surely cause the decline of the overall number of
cases”.
emergence of polio in the Philippines, 19 years after the World Health Organization
declared the country polio-free. A single confirmed polio case of vaccine-derived polio
virus type 2 or two positive environmental samples that are genetically linked isolated in
two different locations is considered an epidemic in a polio-free country. The DOH said
13
there is "no cure for polio" and that "it can only be prevented with multiple doses of polio
vaccines that have long been proven safe and effective. Health Secretary Francisco
Duque III earlier warned that the country was at "high risk for poliovirus transmission" as
there had been a drop in oral polio vaccine (OPV) coverage in the past years.
Foreign Studies
immunization programs can lead to vaccine reluctance and refusal, risking disease
National and international immunization stakeholders have called for better monitoring of
vaccine confidence to identify emerging concerns before they evolve into vaccine
confidence crises.
From a study made by Ozawa and Stack (2013), trust in vaccines and in the
health system is an important element of public health programs that aim to deliver life-
saving vaccines. Indeed, understanding the contributors and threats to trust is essential to
specific vaccines and cultural and sociopolitical settings. Greater efforts to communicate
the benefits and risks of vaccines and address issues with evidence-based information
will help improve and sustain public trust in vaccines and health systems worldwide.
Measuring and monitoring trust levels and focusing on deliberate efforts to build trust in
vaccines are important steps to reducing vaccine confidence gaps when they occur.
14
McCarthy’s have proven to be influential, sweeping fear and distrust into parents’ minds
by parading as “autism experts”. Social media and television talk show hosts, such as
Oprah Winfrey, played a big role in this miseducation by giving credence to the
campaign. This has caused vaccination rates to sustain a surprising drop in some Western
countries. The decrease in vaccinations has led to recent outbreaks of diseases that were
thought to be “eliminated”, such as measles. Still, other reasons for the anti-vaccination
movement can be due to personal reasons, such as religious or secular views (Hussain et.
al., 2018).
From a study made by Sevin et. al. (2016), the top five factors likely to affect
the decision to receive an immunization among the 304 respondents were: “doctor’s
recommendation” (80.6 %), “knowing why I should get a vaccine” (78.2 %), “knowing
which vaccines I need” (75.5 %), cost (54.2 %), and “concern about getting sick if I get a
decision exist among respondents based on ethnicity and education level. For those
participants with self-identified diabetes, heart disease, or asthma, less than half were
aware that certain immunizations could reduce the risk of complications associated with
their disease(s).
Bruin, & Fischoff, 2008). The respondents of the study were primarily White with the
remainder being African American, and Native American. This study primarily focused
15
on the MMR vaccine. Twenty-four of the parents (80%) reported first learning about the
vaccination from their healthcare provider, with the others reporting having read about it
first. When asked about drawbacks to getting their child vaccinated, 37% of the parents
stated there were drawbacks which they rated as moderately serious. The better parents
felt about how well vaccinations had been explained to them, the more they thought that
not vaccinating their child would hurt other children. In general, parents trusted pro-
coverage rates ranged widely between good coverage percentages for some vaccinations
for others, especially for “new” vaccinations (HPV, meningococcal, pneumococcal). The
vaccinations carried out correlated negatively with both parents’ age and their level of
direct or indirect knowledge of people harmed by vaccines. In addition, our data show
that parents do not often know or partially know the real composition of the vaccines and
From May 2011 through September 2012, 454 parents of 2 week old infants
were approached. Of these, 369 (81.3%) completed the PACV survey (67 parents
declined to participate and 18 parents did not meet inclusion criteria). A total of 122
participants had PACV scores of ≥ 25 and were enrolled; 67 at the control site and 55 at
the intervention site. There was no significant difference in median baseline scores
between groups [control group = 36.63 (IQR: 29.97–53.28); intervention group = 39.96
16
parental age, gender, education, number of children, prenatal care onset, race/ethnicity
and insurance status. There was a significant difference between groups in reported
The age group least likely to accept vaccination included those individuals
younger than 25 years while those most likely to accept vaccines were aged 60 years or
older (p < 0.001). Regarding hesitancy, the youngest age group studied were also the
most likely to “hesitate”, whereas the over-60s were the least likely to “hesitate”. The
youngest age group also showed the highest rate of blank answers to hesitancy as well as
to whether they accepted or refused vaccination (~44%).Single parents were the group
least likely to accept vaccination (54%) and those with the highest rate of blank answers
(40.1%), whereas all remaining groups were much more likely to accept vaccination (>
85%). Regarding hesitancy, 48% of single parents reported not hesitating, whereas those
in a stable union (63.8%), married (72.9%) or widowed (75%) reported not being
namely age group, marital status, family income and level of education, demonstrated
that respondents were less likely to be hesitant or refuse vaccination if they were older
than 45 years, not single, earning more than one minimum wage per month, and more
Local Studies
fever, headache, and pain in joints and muscles. In some cases, symptoms can be more
sever and lead to death. With cases in the Philippines rising from 2012-2015, it was
December 2015, would stern the spread. However, in November 2017, the manufacturer,
Sanofi Pasteur, announced that Dengvaxia posed a risk to people who had not previously
been exposed to dengue. While other countries dealt with this assessment by updating
guidelines and labeling accordingly, the news triggered outrage and political turmoil in
the Philippines leading to broken public trust in the dengue vaccine and anxiety around
identified vaccine hesitancy of the public as one of the reasons for the recent measles
outbreak in some regions of the country. In a statement, DOH defined vaccine hesitancy
services. In October 2018, the World Health Organization conducted a study in selected
areas in Metro Manila to identify reasons why parents are not having their child
immunized. It showed that fear of vaccines due to Dengvaxia and the lack of time among
participants. All participants were selected through purpose criterion sampling. Thematic
analysis showed acceptability of the dengue vaccine was associated with parental
experience with vaccination and dengue, trust in public health institutions and
indicated that the parents regretted the experience, trust to public institutions was eroded
and the communication strategy was deemed inadequate. This led to low vaccine
Synthesis
The present study is closely related to the above-mentioned local and foreign
literatures and studies because they dealt with the factors affecting the standpoint of
parents’ decision for not vaccinating their children. Although there are variations, most of
the literatures and studies focused on vaccine hesitancy per se, the list of factors that
affected the parents’ perception and how other respondents involved were deemed as
relevant to the current study. The present study differs from the gathered literature and
studies for the reason that it deals and focuses more extensively and specifically on
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains the discussion of the research design that was used, the
respondents of the study, the research instrument, the data gathering procedure, and the
Research Design
to answer questions of who, what, when, where, and how associated with a particular
manipulating the variables in any way. This type of research is conclusive in nature,
rather than exploratory. Survey method is used to that the researchers can interact with
interviews.
20
Research Respondents
Subdivision for the year 2019-2020. The total population of parents in the said
subdivision is one hundred fifteen (115) whereas the reduced fifty-two (52) are composed
of Overseas Filipino Workers and others who are busy at their work.
Research Instrument
The researchers designed a survey form as one of the data collection instrument
for this study. A survey is utilized to collect, analyze and interpret the views of a group of
schedule as the survey was conducted on the availability of the researchers to conduct the
survey. The survey questions were aimed in recognizing the factors affecting their
standpoint on vaccine and what led to these factors will be seen on the survey forms.
to the Barangay Office of Anabu I-B and Homeowners Association of the said place.
Upon receiving the letter, the Barangay Captain and the Vice President of HHOA granted
the request. The researchers constructed the survey and had it validated to three (3)
teachers. The researchers then administered the survey to the respondents and after
collecting the data from all the respondents, the researchers collected the answered
survey forms. The test results were then tabulated, analyzed and interpreted.
21
The researchers used the Mean and Mode to identify the most influential factor
that affect the standpoint of parents who refuse to vaccinate their children.
Let:
x̄ = Mean
∑ = summation
Mode is used to determine the parents with the most number based on their age
and sex.
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Chapter 4
This chapter presents the results of the data that has been collected through the
use of survey questionnaire. The following tables will show the number of parents who
Class f x fx cf lb
56-59 3 57.5 172.5 63 55.5
52-55 7 53.5 374.5 60 51.5
Middle adulthood 48-51 7 49.5 346.5 53 47.5
44-47 9 45.5 409.5 46 43.5
40-43 13 41.5 539.5 37 39.5 Mean=40.74 Mode=41.66
36-39 2 37.5 75 24 35.5
32-35 7 33.5 234.5 22 31.5
Young adulthood
28-31 8 29.5 236 15 27.5
24-27 7 25.5 178.5 7 23.5
Total 63 2566.5
As shown in Table 1, the data were collected from 63 Parents: 31 Male and 32
Female. The age of the respondents ranges from 24 to 57 years old, selected based on the
criteria of the researchers. According to the grouped data, the mode of the age of the
MARRIED COUPLE
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5
Trust towards authorities Perception of danger Safety concerns Personal Beliefs Access to information
M 18 19 8.5 6 12.5
10 20 9 9 16
13 20 9 9 10
13 20 5 2 10
F 19 20 15 15 17
14 8 7 16 7
9 5 5 6 7
14 12 16 8 8
Mean 13.75 15.5 9.3125 8.875 10.9375
SD 3.453776401 6.23354978 4.14847218 4.673252156 3.895395634
given factor. From the data gathered, the mean of every factor was collected from 4
Married Couple or 8 respondents: 4 Male and 4 Female. The table above displays that
factor 1 which is “trust towards authorities” scored 13.75% out of 20%, factor 2 which is
“perception of danger” scored 15.5% out of 20%, factor 3 which is “safety concerns”
scored 9.31% out of 20%, factor 4 which is “personal beliefs” scored 8.88% out of 20%
and factor 5 which is “access to information” scored 10.94% out of 20%. According to
the data from the married couples, the most influential factor is factor 2 which is
“perception of danger”.
24
MARRIED
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5
Trust towards authorities Perception of danger Safety concerns Personal Beliefs Access to information
M 17 19 4 3 9
19 15.5 13.5 9.5 17.5
9.5 12 13 10.5 10.5
16.5 11.5 13.5 8 7
9.5 10 16 12.5 16.5
16 19 8 2.5 8.5
7.5 15.5 10 14 14
15 12 11 9 15
12 19 13 13 9
14 19 6 7 10
12 20 13 13 13
6 12 15 10 10
4 10 17 12 6
12 20 13 13 13
10 9 12 13 6
16 14 15 14 16
16.5 14 6.5 11 13.5
15 15 13 20 10
F 16 10 11 12 10
19 14 9 10 17
10 16 8 10 9
12 12 11 16 15
7 13 15 8 17
17 12 17 13 13
5 7.5 15 14 9
20 16 11 6 15
20 20 8.5 9 4
20 20 8 6 11
17 20 9.5 2 3
17 17 10 12 16
16 15 16 15 7
15 12 17 11 7
7 12 15 18 10
19 12 16 15 11
16 16.5 17.5 11 13.5
17.5 15 6 13 11
14 20 13 17 13
2 18 4 4 2
10 20 12 20 15
10 19 13 9 12
19 20 9.5 10 4
17 12 17 13 13
Mean 13.57142857 15.13095238 11.94047619 11.16666667 11
SD 4.795286594 3.710662823 3.691127102 4.224877927 4.040948935
given factor. From the data gathered from 41 married respondents: 18 male and 23
female, the mean of every factor was collected. The table above displays that factor 1
which is “trust towards authorities” scored 13.57% out of 20%, factor 2 which is
“perception of danger” scored 15.13% out of 10%, factor 3 which is “safety concerns”
scored 11.94% out of 10%, factor 4 which is “personal beliefs” scored 11.17% out of
20% and factor 5 which is “access to information” scored 11% out of 20%. According to
the data from the married respondents, the most influential factor is factor 2 which is
“perception of danger”.
SINGLE PARENT
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5
Trust towards authorities Perception of danger Safety concerns Personal Beliefs Access to information
M 13.5 16 11 14 13.5
18 9 10 10 10
11 11 11 9 12
14 12 11 12 10
16 12 13 15 18
F 17 17 11 7 8
14 20 3 3 5
13 20 7 5 14
Mean 14.5625 14.625 9.625 9.375 11.3125
SD 2.290313453 4.206712323 3.159452936 4.24053568 3.990502117
given factor. From the data gathered from 8 single parent: 5 male and 3 female, the mean
of every factor was collected. The table above displays that factor 1 which is “trust
towards authorities” scored 14.56% out of 20%, factor 2 which is “perception of danger”
scored 14.63% out of 20%, factor 3 which is “safety concerns” scored 9.63% out of 20%,
factor 4 which is “personal beliefs” scored 9.38% out of 20% and factor 5 which is
26
“access to information” scored 11.31% out of 20%. According to the data from the single
parent respondents, the most influential factor is factor 2 which is “perception of danger”.
WIDOW
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5
Trust towards authorities Perception of danger Safety concerns Personal Beliefs Access to information
M 12 12 17 10 14
15 13 7 9 16
15 19 13 12 16
13 13 13 15 12
F 15 11 11 12 9
4 16 9 16 17
Mean 12.33333333 14 11.66666667 12.33333333 14
SD 4.273952113 2.966479395 3.502380143 2.732520204 3.033150178
given factor. From the data gathered from 7 widowed respondents: 5 male and 3 female,
the mean of every factor was collected. The table above displays that factor 1 which is
“trust towards authorities” scored 12.33% out of 20%, factor 2 which is “perception of
danger” scored 14% out of 20%, factor 3 which is “safety concerns” scored 11.67% out
of 20%, factor 4 which is “personal beliefs” scored 12.33% out of 20% and factor5 which
is “access to information” scored 14% out of 10%. According to the data from the
OVERALL
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5
Trust towards authorities Perception of danger Safety concerns Personal Beliefs Access to information
Married Couple 13.75 15.5 9.31 8.88 10.93
Married 13.49 15.21 11.82 11.44 10.95
Single Parent 13.94 13.38 9.63 9.38 11.31
Widow 12.33 14 11.67 12.33 14
Mean 13.3775 14.5225 10.6075 10.5075 11.7975
Table 6 displays the overall mean of every factor. From the data gathered from
63 respondents: 4 Married Couple, 41 Married, 8 Single Parent and 6 Widow, the mean
of every factor was collected. The table above displays that factor 1 which is “trust
towards authorities” scored 13.38% out of 20%, factor 2 which is “perception of danger”
scored 14.52% out of 20%, factor 3 which is “safety concerns” scored 10.61% out of
20%, factor 4 which is “personal beliefs” scored 10.51% out of 20% and factor 5 which is
“access to information” scored 11.80% out of 20%. According to the data from all of the
Chapter 5
This chapter presents the summary of the findings, the conclusion drawn from
the findings and the corresponding recommendations. This study was taken with the
general objective of determining the factors that affects the standpoint of parents who are
This study observed the different kinds of factors that affect the standpoint of
parents who are not in favor of vaccinating their children in Hausland Subdivision. The
data were collected from 63 Parents: 31 Male and 32 Female. Majority of the parents are
aged 54, the female respondents outnumbered the male respondents, and most of the
parents are married. The factors that were found by the researchers are (1) trust towards
authorities, (2) perception of danger, (3) safety concerns, (4) personal beliefs, and (5)
access to information. According to the data from the married couples, the most
influential factor is factor #2 which is “perception of danger”. According to the data from
the married respondents, the most influential factor is factor #2 which is “perception of
danger”. According to the data from the single parent respondents, the most influential
factor is factor #2 which is “perception of danger”. According to the data from the
widowed respondents, the most influential factors are factor #2 which is “perception of
danger” and factor #5 which is “access to information”. According to the data from all of
the respondents, the most influential factor is factor #2 which is “perception of danger”.
29
Conclusions
Based on the findings derived from this study, the conclusion that was derived
from the data is that the majority of the parents are aged 54. As to sex, the female
respondents outnumbered the male respondents; and as for the civil status, majority of the
parents are married. The factors that were found by the researchers are (1) trust towards
authorities, (2) perception of danger, (3) safety concerns, (4) personal beliefs, and (5)
access to information. The most influential factor that affects the standpoint of parents
against vaccination is the perception of danger. The researchers observed that the people
they have acquired from the data prioritize more the health of their children and the
Recommendations
Based on the acquired data from the surveys the researchers made, the most
influential factor that affects the standpoint of parents against vaccination is the
perception of danger.
The researchers recommend the future researchers to know the difference of the
decisions between a male parent and a female parent regarding the said issue about
vaccination whether the sex of a person affects his/her opinion and perspective about
vaccinating their children as well as to dwell more on relationships of the civil status of