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GIS Geographical Information System
GIS Geographical Information System
Information System
Query
Data
Information
Storage
Information System
A means of storing,
retrieving, sorting,
and comparing
+
spatial data
Geographic Position
to support some
analytic process.
What is a GIS?
GEOGRAPHIC Information System
GIS Import or
analysis build datasets
MODELLING AND
STRUCTURING DATA
• RASTER
• VECTOR
• Real World
Representing Spatial
Elements
Raster
Stores images as rows and columns of numbers with a
Digital Value/Number (DN) for each cell.
Data is classified as
“continuous” (such as in an
image), or “thematic”
(where each cell denotes a
feature type.
Numerous data formats
(TIFF, GIF, ERDAS.img etc)
Representing Spatial
Elements
Vector
Allows user to specify specific spatial locations and
assumes that geographic space is continuous, not
broken up into discrete grid squares
Polygons - set of
connected lines
We use these three spatial elements to represent real world features and
attach locational information to them.
Attributes
Raster Advantages
The most common data format
Vector Advantages
Accurate positional information that is best for storing discrete
thematic features (e.g., roads, shorelines, sea-bed features.
• Data Assembly
• Data Storage
Maps RSI
Keyboard
Data Input/Creation
GIS Functions
GIS Storage
1 (Universe polygon)
2 3 Spatial data
(ARC functions)
4 5
COV# ZONE ZIP
1 0
2 C-19 22060
Attribute data 3
4
A-4
C-22
22061
22060
(INFO or TABLES functions) 5 A-5 22057
GIS Functions
• Common Manipulation
– Reclassification
– Map Projection changes
• Common Analysis
– Buffering
– Overlay
– Network
Spatial Analysis
• Maps
• Interactive Displays
AND APPLICATIONS
GIS Applications
• Site selection
– Helicopter Landing Zones
– Amphibious Assault (Water Depth)
– Buffer Zones
– Flight Planning
– Battlefield Visualisation
Helicopter Landing Zones
HLZ sites
Amphibious Assault Planning
Spatial Analysis
Proximity Analysis (Buffers)
1000 Meter Buffer of Railroads
Flight Planning
Flight Planning/Flythroughs
Battlefield Visualization
and/or Situation Awareness
Other GIS Applications
✓ Key Concepts
✓ Data representation
✓ Applications